Ukuveliswa speed olungumgubo sokukhanya. Iinqobo nembono

Ukususela kwiintsuku zesikolo, siyazi ukuba isantya lokukhanya, ngokomthetho Einstein kaThixo - yinto kwincopho gqithi kwindalo iphela. Umgama ukusuka kwelanga emhlabeni ukukhanya udlula ngemizuzu 8, nokuba malunga 150 million km. To kwabanye kuza iiyure kuphela emva 6, kodwa isiphekepheke kuthatha amashumi eminyaka ukuba soyise imigama ezinjalo. Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ixabiso isantya nga uyatshintshatshintsha kakhulu kuxhomekeka kokusingqongileyo apho ukukhanya idlula.

isantya Formula ukukhanya

Ukwazi isantya ukukhanya vacuo (c ≈ 3 × 10 ⁸ m \ c), umntu ingagqiba okokuba kwamanye amajelo eendaba, ngokusekelwe isalathisi yabo refraction n. Ifomula le uqina ukukhanya kufana imithetho ngomatshini yemvelo, kodwa kunoko, ukuqingqwa umgama usebenzisa ixesha kunye isantya into.

Ngokomzekelo, sithatha iglasi index ogama zokunganyangeki ngu 1.5. Ngokutsho isantya olungumgubo ke ukukhanya v = c \ n ukufumana ukuba ngesantya esiphakathi onikiweyo malunga ilingana 200,000 km \ s. Ukuba uthatha ulwelo, ezifana namanzi, lo uqina of andise photons (amasuntswana ukukhanya), akukho 226 000 km \ s index zokunganyangeki ka-1,33.

Ifomula le uqina sokukhanya umoya

Air - oku indalo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba sele ebizwa ngokuba yi-mninzi optical. Ukuba ziluhlaza kungekho musa nazo imiqobo endleleni yayo, okusingqongileyo, bachitha ixesha elithile kwi excitation kwe amasuntswana-athom. I luthe i medium, ixesha imali echithwa oku uchulumanco kakhulu. Isalathisi zokunganyangeki (n) emoyeni ilingana 1,000292. Kwaye loo nto ngokwenene ukusuka kumda ka 299.792.458 m / s.

izazinzulu american likwazile ukwehlisa isantya ukukhanya phantse zero ukuya ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphezu 1/299 792 458 kwimizuzwana. Isantya yokukhanya ayikwazi ukoyisa. Eyona nto kukuba ukukhanya - oku iliza efanayo umoya, ngokunjalo-X-reyi, amaza erediyo okanye ubushushu. Umahluko kuphela ngumahluko phakathi neembono kunye rhoqo.

Ulwazi olunomdla kukungabikho ubunzima photon, yaye oku kubonisa ukunqongophala ixesha yamasuntswana elinikiweyo. Ngamafutshane, kuba photon, owazalwa ezimbalwa million okanye ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngaphantsi kwe owesibini kwexesha.