Capital of Zaire. Isixeko eKinshasa. Democratic Republic of the Congo

Le elikomkhulu Republic of Zaire, igama ngo-1997 ukuya Democratic Republic of the Congo, namhlanje enye enkulu kunazo zonke izixeko eAfrika yaye yaziwa ngokuba eKinshasa. Noko ke, igama mihla le eyinkunzi zafunyanwa kuphela emva kokuzimela geqe.

Congo emephini of Africa

Eli lizwe, ibekwe umbindi kwilizwekazi le-Afrika, le ndawo yesibini kuphela Algeria, yaye inani nqwelo kwindawo yesine emva Nigeria, amaKushi kwanamaYiputa. Ilizwe unembali ende kwaye impikiswano izele iimfazwe ngaphakathi.

Yonke le nto yaqala phezu kwamawaka amabini eminyaka ngaphambi kwexesha lethu, xa izizwe zamafama Bantu waqalisa nokuya emntla emhlabeni, ekugxothweni yabantu bemveli awafane, ngubani ekugqibeleni yaba ligcuntswana, kwanyanzeleka ukuba kwimida ubomi yoluntu kunye nezopolitiko lizwe.

Noko ke, ukuba iinkulungwane ezininzi, imbali ye-Congo wayengazi ukuba amaqumrhu karhulumente oluzinzileyo, yaye kuphela kwinkulungwane XlV kwimimandla embindini emlanjeni omkhulu Afrika Congo wavela ubukumkani igama elifanayo, apho, kunye abachatshazelwayo ingozi kunye bamathanga isiPhuthukezi kwinkulungwane XV. Phantse emine iinkulungwane, ngokuzithandela abalawuli balapho bathengisa izifundo baseYurophu babo, naye, abathuthwayo amakhoboka Afrika North America.

ngexesha lolawulo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba lonke Afrika neDemocratic Republic of the Congo ezimbini ichatshazelwa ukuzinkcinkca yamagunya yobukoloniyali kunye nokunyoluka babengabarhwebeli, umntu kufuneka lula impembelelo ezintle abanye abantu kuphuhliso kumazwe aseAfrika.

Indawo kwindawo namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba Republic of Congo, yahlukile kwezinye izinto lobukoloniyali, kuba akazange ngokusesikweni iyikoloni naliphi na ilizwe laseYurophu, kodwa sele kudala ngasese abanini iNkosi uPhilip Belgian, emva lowo ikomkhulu Zaire igama lakhe. Yokuqala ekwahlala kuyo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba likomkhulu abaninzi Leopoldville - imbeko kaKumkani Leopold yaseBelgium.

Foundation emzini

Ilitye yokuqala kwengqukuva omtsha Zaire babeka odumileyo British wamazwe-Afrika, intatheli kunye nomhloli uHenry Morton Stanley, osondele ngasechwebeni iposi yorhwebo umlambo apho uqale uphuhliso efanayo inxalenye usembindini lizwekazi, de kube ngoko ayikaqondwa.

kombutho wenkululeko kunye Africanization

Okokoko yathi yasekwa ngo-1881 yaye de nokukhululwa kwidyokhwe isithsaba Belgian ngoJuni 1960, ikomkhulu Zaire, ngokuba Leopoldville, kodwa kokufika uzwilakhe uMobutu urhulumente, kwathiwa igama. Isizathu sokuba zokuthiywa yaba uzwilakhe eziku ilifa anti-colonial, kuquka iilwimi: Dutch, eliqhelekileyo e Zaire baqala ngabom abalahlekelwa ngabasemagunyeni. Ngoko Kinshasa - elikomkhulu kurhulumente ntsha - ufumene igama layo ngoku, into egxothiweyo kuyo ukusuka kwenye nemizana wangena kwesixeko.

Iminyaka yokuqala ukuzimela eli lizwe akukhange ngenkqubela noxolo. Emva kokuba wobukumkani elifutshane ukunyulwa ngentando yesininzi uMongameli Kasavubu yaphela ukubhukuqwa yakhe. Ixhaswa yi-US General Mabuchi intloko butshabalale karhulumente. Kinshasa - capital Congo - yaba uhlobo ithambo abaxabana phakathi US kunye yiSoviet Union, elube lufuna ukufumana ulawulo phezu zezimbiwa osisityebi, kuquka uranium. Yaye simele sivume ukuba kolu khuphiswano, amaMelika woyisa ecacileyo.

Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza nentlupheko

Phambi 1966, ikomkhulu Zaire, ngokuba Leopoldville, kodwa sathiywa eKinshasa emva kokuba isibhengezo-nkqubo Africanization. Nangona indawo aloo mzi komlambo kuneengenelo ezithile ngohlobo ukufikelela kwiindlela zothutho umlambo, kodwa utshintsho ukuphakama olomeleleyo imigubasi kuvumela indlela yokuthumela icandelo elithile kuphela omlambo.

Ukoyisa lo umda ukusuka elunxwemeni ukuya komkhulu, waqalisa utsale kaloliwe, nto leyo ekugqibeleni negalelo ekukhuleni mveliso omkhulu. Ngaphaya kaloliwe waqala ukwakhiwa yombhobho, eyagqitywa ngo-1914.

Congo kwimephu iAfrika yenye yeendawo ezibalulekileyo, ngoko xa 1990, nengxaki yezopolitiko kweli lizwe, uninzi lwamazwe ase baye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi inxaxheba kusombululo yayo.

Umlambo - iingqukuva ezimbini

Capital of Zaire - asiyiyo yodwa umzi omi phezu kweendonga of Congo. Ngosuku malunga elunxwemeni eKinshasa yi likomkhulu ilizwana elikufuphi. Democratic Republic of the Congo phezu komda kunye kurhulumente, ogama ezisemthethweni - the Republic of the Congo. Abemi iingqukuva ezimbini ungajonga kwi abamelwane ngokusebenzisa umlambo ebanzi ngokufanelekileyo apho, ngelishwa, kukho ibhulorho lebhokisi zokuhlala ezimbini ezinkulu.

Modern Kinshasa, elikomkhulu lelinye lamazwe ihlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini, kakhulu umbono omhle. Omnye ehlaselwa umahluko phakathi izithili zoshishino abazizityebi kunye neendawo ematyotyombeni nalapho abantu, ndayihluthwa ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ezisisiseko ezidolophini. Abemi abaninzi musa nokuba ngamathuba rhoqo ukusebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo.

ematyotyombeni ikomkhulu zezi umthombo ezingundoqo iingxaki ezininzi ezisezidolophini, ezifana ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezifo. Ikomkhulu Zaire ohlala rhoqo indawo simo phezulu imizi yingozi eAfrika. ulwaphulo-mthetho Street yenza isixeko phantse ungafanelekanga ukuba abahambi ezizimeleyo kwaye uphakamisa kakhulu amaxabiso lwezindlu. Ngelishwa, ukuphanga kuxhotyiwe, ayadlwengulwa, ukuxhwilwa baba Kinshasa yinto eqhelekileyo. Housing kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo simi maxa wambi kubiza eYurophu kunye neehotele zibiyelwe ngeendonga eziphakamileyo, ajike abe uhlobo aqala abasemzini ezimhlophe.

sphere Social emzini

Nangona esitokisini elikhulu abizayo bafuna-emveni kwimarike kwezimbiwa, uthethe ngale ubutyebi lizwe ayikho imfuneko. Urhwaphilizo, imiba postcolonial kunye nolawulo eyoyikekayo ndikunikele abemi ezininzi iingxaki.

Njengoko nasiphi na isixeko esikhulu, kukho kwiiyunivesithi eKinshasa kunye nezikolo amazwe aphezulu. Isebenza the Academy of Arts, abe kwiziko lonyango, i-National zokufundisa kunye iiyunivesithi yamaKatolika.

Icandelo lezempilo imelwe inqwaba ezininzi kwizibhedlele nakumaziko zonyango. Njengoko kwamanye amazwe amaninzi Afrika, kwi-Congo i zesisa esebenzayo kakhulu zamazwe ukuxhasa uncedo lwezonyango kubahlali balapha.

Kinshasa - ikomkhulu karhulumente entsha

Le ntlekele yezopolitiko wasonjululwa kweli lizwe ngo-2005, kunye ngokwamkelwa komgaqo-siseko omtsha. Ngokomthetho omtsha esisiseko, ummandla ilizwe yahlulwe yaba ngamaphondo elinanye. I-capital unikwa indawo okhethekileyo kwicandelo lolawulo - oko kukuthi isixeko kunye izimele.

Le conurbation saseKinshasa ezimalunga nezigidi ezisibhozo ngabantu, kodwa ngokwenyani akukho bani owaziyo kakuhle ukuba abantu abaninzi abahlala ematyotyombeni dimensionless ezingqonge isixeko kunye nabasebenzi uhlobo bhanti esahlula ikomkhulu abasuka kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kumda kuyo.

Kanti ke, nangona yentlupheko kunye iingxaki enkulu kwinkalo zentlalo, abantu abaninzi Kinshasa ziye zaba negalelo elikhulu kwishishini lezemidlalo show ngamazwe.