Evolution of imali

Imali, Kakade - udidi yembali evelayo kunye ekuphuhliseni uluntu. Kuvele ezinye iintlobo kunye iintlobo imali kuye kwaqwalaselwa yi abezoqoqosho abaninzi, yaye hayi bonke beze kucalulo eqhelekileyo. Abanye ababhali iimbalasane ezipheleleyo neentlobo sinesiphene imali. Abanye, ethatha njengesiseko iimpawu zendalo hayi umsebenzi, balaba imali norhwebelwano, epheleleyo kunye irredeemable.

Kwemvelo imali kuye kwathetha ukuba ngoku ifomu yabo yorhwebo unyamalale. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ingcaciso entsha. Imali, njengesixhobo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo noqoqosho zezi zilandelayo:

- i medium of exchange;

- umlinganiselo enexabiso;

- abekwe kuthetha;

- indlela intlawulo.

Kodwa kukho nenye inkcazelo oluthathela ingqalelo nasekusungulweni imali ngqo. owasungulwa Its yi Marx. Imali - impahla, leyo uyazimela ehlabathini eemveliso ngendlela zidityaniswe, oko lilingana jikelele kwaye enze crystallization yexabiso exchange. Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba Cazulula iintlobo kunye neentlobo imali ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ukunikezelwa imali ezi fom zilandelayo:
   • iinkomo, oboya, amakhoboka, amaqokobhe, njl
2. Full imali:
   • Igolide nesiliva bullion;
   • Igolide nesiliva imali.
3. imali ezineziphene:
   • mithetho zobuncwane;
   • amatikiti;
   • coin bilonnaya.
4. miqulu eselugcinwe yokuzibophelela:
   • imali kulondolozo kunye needipozithi nexesha kwiibhanki.

Ukufika kwe-mali lubangelwe luphuhliso kwemveliso yorhwebo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iindidi ezimbini imali: yokwenene (imali sisinyithi nempahla-equivalents) kunye neendleko kwemiqondiso, leyo, enyanisweni, neerhuluneli imali yokwenene (credit kunye nemali nephepha). Ukuthetha imali yokwenene, simele sikhumbule ukuba zabo ixabiso eliyimali, ekwafanekisa le yokwenene.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha indlela ngendaleko jikelele iintlobo imali.

Ekuqaleni, imali sisinyithi, ngokuqhelekileyo igolide, isilivere okanye ubhedu, baba ejikeleza kwi indawo kunye nefomu zokulinganisa. Emva koko imilo slitochnye kwaye ndicinge (uhombiso). Kwase le ngqekembe boboobraznaya uhlobo etshe kunobukhulu efanayo kunye nobungakanani. Ilizwi le ngqekembe elaqanjwa eRome BC yesi-3. Roman Mint ziprintwe zemali inophawu karhulumente, ukuqinisekisa yokuhlawula amatyala abo. Coins watshintsha ebaluleke kakhulu lokuhamba imali - ngoku iqwalaselwa hayi ubunzima, yaye ziprintwe kubo ubuso ixabiso, nto leyo ithetha isixa metal esetyenzisiweyo.

imali Metal inexabiso nofa ezizimeleyo. Ukusekwa nexesha le ngqekembe iimpawu ixabiso ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukwanda kunye nolwandiso lorhwebo.

- flow elikhulu amatye anqabileyo kunye nokungakwazi ukuvelisa ngaphezulu metal anqabileyo.

- iindleko aphakamileyo yolondolozo ejikeleza wemali.

- Kunzima ukuhambisa izihlwele ezikhulu metal ukuya iintlawulo eziziinkozo.

- Ukungabikho bhetyebhetye - ukukwazi nesivumelwano kunye nokwandisa.

- Igolide nesiliva waba ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezinye iindawo.

- Urhulumente, esebenzisa ububange ayenza, uvune iinzuzo, ukunciphisa isampula ubunzima ngesinyithi kwaye ishiya ihlelo efanayo.

Ubukho kwezi ngongoma zingentla kukhokelele kwinto yokuba izinto zazivelela imali okuqhubekayo. Kwakukho imali yokwenene ababambeleyo - credit, imali iphepha scheidemünze. ixabiso labo par iye ngaphezu yokwenene.

Ikhala imali iphepha, karhulumente, lubanike ikhosi ngokwakho, njengoko ukuzixabisa, kodwa musa ilifa. Kuba karhulumente, kuya kuba olongezelelweyo umthombo wengeniso. Njengoko umthetho, umba imali kwandisa ngexesha xa urhulumente kwi imfazwe okanye kwimo lobunzima.

Ngophuhliso yemveliso yorhwebo apho yokubolekisa ngemali. Kubo kukho yimfuneko ukuba ukuthenga nokuthengisa kuthetha ngezavenge okanye intlawulo elityazisiweyo nekude.