I-psychology ye-Humanistic kunye nendima yayo ekwakheni ubuntu obuphilileyo

Indlela yokusebenzisa abantu kwiingqondo Kuye kwabonakala kwimihlaba yesayense kwi-thirties yekhulu lemashumi mabini njengenye indlela yokufashisa ngexesha le-psychoanalysis kunye nenkolelo yokuziphatha. Abasunguli bayo, u-Erich Fromm, uKarl Rogers, uVictor Frankl noHarold Maslow, esekelwe kwiinkalo ezininzi kwimigaqo-siseko ye-Freudianism, isekelwe kwingqibelelo yomntu ekusebenzeni kwayo. Iingcali zeengqondo kunye neengcali zefilosofi zathatha ukuqala kweengcamango zabo zengxube oluxakekileyo lwazo zonke izayensi zesayensi. Indlela entsha yesayensi kwisayensi yengqondo ifumene ukuhlonishwa okukhulu phakathi kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, ekuya kumlinganiselo othile ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwedemokhrasi kumazwe aphucukileyo kunye nokuphucula isimo somntu okhululekile ebomini yoluntu.

Psychology Humanistic Ibandakanya uphando olubanzi lwehlabathi langaphakathi lomntu kwaye lufumanisa isicelo sayo kungekhona nje kwisifo sengqondo, kodwa nakwi-pedagogy, ifilosofi, inkcubeko kunye nesayensi yezopolitiko. Le mfundiso (ebizwa ngokuba yinto ekhona-yintlalo) yindlela ethembisayo kakhulu kwisenzo sokufundisa, kuba isekelwe kwintlonelo yomntu ngamnye, kwisimo sengqondo esilumkileyo kwilizwe lakhe langaphakathi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukujonga okubonakalayo kwimeko yehlabathi kunye nentlonelo yeempawu zabanye kuhlonyelwe.

Le mfundiso inebachasi bayo. Abanye abaphengululi bathi iingcebiso zobuntu kwiingqondo Ulahla isitshixo semvelo yomntu kwaye akaqwalaselanga iimfuno zakhe zomntu kunye namandla okubaluleka. Elinye iqela leengcali likholelwa ukuba isimo sengqondo kumntu ngamnye njengenjongo, kwaye kungekhona njengendlela yokwenza imfundiso yokuziphatha, ibaluleke kakhulu kwibharityhulam kuluntu apho uphumelele kubalulekile, indawo ethile yentlalo. Kucelwa ukuba uhlakulela iimpawu ze-introvert, nangona ubomi bwanamhlanje iimpawu ze-extrovert zibaluleke kakhulu.

Uluntu oluye lwasinda kwiimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi ngexesha elifutshane lingazange lilungele ukuphendula iingxaki eziphathelele ubunzulu obunzulu bomphefumlo womntu. Ububele bokuzikhanyela kunye nobundlobongela obuqhetseba, ukuchithwa kwegazi kunye nobuqhawe, obonakaliswe kule mifazwe, kwaphakamisa imibuzo emalunga nendoda kunye nehlabathi lakhe langaphakathi. Oku kwakunzima ngenxa yokuwa kweenkolelo ezithembekileyo kwinkqubela phambili yentlalo, ukuphazamiseka kwezibophelelo zemveli kunye noluntu olusakhulayo olumanyeneyo ombhali uHermann Hesse wabiza ngokuthi "i-feuilleton era". Ngaloo ndlela, ingqondo yengqondo yabantu, nangona kukhuthazwa "kwimpumelelo yangaphandle" eyenziwa kuluntu, yenza isixokelelo, ukuqonda, inceba kwindlela yokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Kuphakamileyo kangakanani le bar? Emva koko, igama kanye elithi "ubuntu" livela kwigama elithi "homo" - umntu. Ubuntu abuyinto engafanelekanga kwimpumelelo yabantu, ayiyikuxabana neminqweno yezinto eziphilayo zomntu kwaye umntu akayidingi "ukuzinyathela" ukuze abonise imfesane, abonise ukunyamekela nothando, kwaye anikezele ngononophelo. Ngokuchasene noko, ezi zinto zihlala zivela kwizinto ezizongqongileyo zobomi bethu - iingqondo zesintu zigcina. Ukuchongwa nokulima kwezi mpawu, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ezivela kuthi ukususela ekuzalweni, kubangelwe kuphela kwi-homo sapiens, kwaye ilala entliziyweni yendlela yokuphila kwabantu ekufundiseni.

"Ubuntu" kwisimo sengqondo sokuziphatha akusiyo yonke indawo esingaqhelekanga Umqathango wokuziphatha, owenzelwe kuthi "ukusuka phezulu," kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, yindlela yethu yokuziphatha ngokwemvelo. Oku kuyincinci kakhulu, kodwa kunye nesimo esiqinileyo somntu wokuhlonela umhlaba kwilizwe langaphakathi. Umsebenzi weengcali zengqondo ukubonakalisa ezi ntshukumo ezintle zomphefumlo, nokuba ngaba izenzo ezimbi kuphela zibonakaliso zobomi bomntu, ukuhlakulela iimpawu zendalo kunye nokubeka isimo sengqondo sokuhlonela ubuntu bombutho, ngokuzimela kwakhe. Psychology Unceda ukuvumelanisa ihlabathi lethu elingaphakathi, ukunqoba umda wokutshatyalaliswa, ukusinda kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo eziphelileyo, phendula imibuzo "Ndingubani na apha kweli hlabathi?" Kwaye "Ndiyilwela ntoni na? Ndihlala phi na? ".