I-Dielectric ukuphelelwa komoya njengobuninzi bemvelo

Njengoko uyazi, umoya ojikeleze kuthiyo udibaniso lweegesi ezininzi, ngoko ke yile dielectri. Ngokukodwa, ngenxa yoko, kwiimeko ezininzi kunokwenzeka ukuba ugweme imfuneko yokulungiselela ezinye izongezo ezongezelelweyo eziphathekayo malunga nomqhubi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga nento eqhubekayo yomoya. Kodwa okokuqala, mhlawumbi, siya kuqalisa ngcaciso yenani elithetha ngokuthethwa kwegama elithi "dielectric".

Zonke izinto, ngokuxhomekeke kwikhono lokuqhuba ulawulo lwamandla kagesi, zihlulwe ngokwasemgangathweni zibe ngamaqela amakhulu amathathu: abaqhubi, i-semiconductors kunye ne-dielectrics. Ixesha langaphambili libonisa ukungqinelana okuthe ngqo kwinqanaba elichanekileyo ngeengqungquthela ezihlawulweyo. Iqela elikhulu kunesinyithi (i-aluminium, ithusi, itsimbi). Indlela yesibini ekhoyo ngoku phantsi kweemeko ezithile (i-silicon, i-germanium). Ewe, ukumelana nombane wesithathu kukhulu kangangokuthi okwangoku akudluli kuwo. Umzekelo ocacileyo ngumoya.

Yintoni eyenzekayo xa loo nto ingena kummandla wesenzo senkundla yombane? Kuba ngabaqhubi, impendulo iyabonakala - kukho umbane wamandla (okwenene, phambi kobude obuvaliweyo obunikela "indlela" yeengqungquthela). Oku kubangelwa kukuba indlela yokusebenzisana kweentlawulo ziyahluka. Ngokuqinisekileyo ezinye iinkqubo zenzeka xa intsimi ibonakaliswe kwizinto zeeleyile. Xa ufunda ukusebenzisana kweengqungquthela ngemali yombane, kwaqatshelwa ukuba amandla okusebenzisana axhomeki kuphela kwixabiso lokubala le ntlawulo, kodwa nakwi-medium ehlukanisa. Lesi sibonakaliso esibalulekileyo sasibizwa ngokuthi "ukuvumela imvume yecala". Enyanisweni, yinto yokulungiswa, kuba ingenanto. Kucaciswa njengomlinganiselo wexabiso lentsebenziswano ekuphumeni kwixabiso kuyo nayiphi na indlela. Injongo yenyama yegama elithi "permittivity dietricity" yile ndlela ilandelayo: eli xabiso libonisa izinga lokulinganiswa kwintsimi yombane ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto zetekisi xa kuthelekiswa nokucima. Isizathu salo mcimbi silele kwimeko yokuba iinqununu zezinto eziphathekayo zisebenzisela amandla ensimini kungekhona kwi-conductivity yeengqungquthela, kodwa kwi-polarization.

Kuyaziwa ukuba i- dielectric constant of air is unity. Ngaba le nto ininzi okanye encinane? Masibhale phantsi. Ngoku akukho mfuneko yokubala ngokuzimela ngokubaluleka kwenani lokubaluleka kwezinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, kuba zonke ezi nkcukacha zinikwe kwiibhile ezihambelana nazo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuvela kule tafile ukuba umoya ulingana nelinye ithathwa. Ukuhlala rhoqo kwendiza yomoya kufana namaxesha asibhozo ngaphantsi kweleyo, umzekelo, i-getinax. Ukwazi le nombolo, kunye nexabiso leetyala kunye nomgama phakathi kwabo, kunokwenzeka ukubala inani lokusebenzisana kwabo, phantsi kweemeko zokuhlula ngomoya ophakathi okanye ipake ye-gotinax.

Umlinganiselo wamandla ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

F = (Q1 * Q2) / (4 * 3.1416 * E0 * Es * (r * r)),

Lapho i-Q1 ne-Q2 ixabiso lokuhlawula; I-E0 yi-permmeability in vacuum (ehlala ilingana no-8.86 kumandla -12); I-Es yi-permittivity yomoya ("1" okanye ixabiso lenye na into, ngokwetafile); R umgama phakathi kweerhafu. Zonke izilinganiso zithathwa ngokuhambelana nenkqubo ye-SI.

Musa ukudibanisa iingcamango ezimbini ezihlukeneyo - "ukukhangela kwamagnetic emoyeni" kunye nokuvumeleka kwamatye. I-Magnetic enye into efana nayo nayiphi na into, ekwayiyo-coefficient, kodwa enye into-inxulumano phakathi kwamandla endle kunye nenani lokufakelwa kwamaginethi kwinto ethile. Kwiifomula, isalathisi yereferensi isetyenzisiweyo-ukulungelelaniswa kwamagnetti okuchanekileyo. Zomibini iingcamango zokuqala nezesibili zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izibalo zamashishini ahlukeneyo kagesi.