Ukukhutshwa komsebenzi - yintoni le nto

Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uya kuqhelana nokuqonda inkqubo yokubhubhisa, iya kuphazamiseka kuzo zonke iinkcukacha, ukubaluleka kwamandla kwenkqubo kuya kufundiswa kwaye ukuqonda okungeyiyo le ngxaki kuya kuphazamiseka.

IAnnihilation

Ngoko, phambi kwethu kukho umbuzo oyintloko: "Ukunyusa - yintoni le?". I-Annihilation yinkqubo yokudibanisa kwezinto ezimbini zenkcazelo enikeziweyo, okuyi-particles kunye nama-antiparticles, kwaye ngenxa yolu bakala ukusuka kumacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo asemacaleni amaqabunga amasha akhiwa, ahluke kakhulu kwii-initial.

Ingcaciso ecacileyo yokubhujiswa

Le ngqangi yafunyanwa kuqala ngo-1930, kodwa ukuqinisekiswa kokugqibela kobukho benkqubo enje kuphela kwenzeka ekufumaneni i-radioactivity eyenziwa yinto eyenziwa ngayo, kwaye yonke inkqubo yayihamba kunye nokukhululwa kwe-radiation y-radiation.

Intsingiselo yegama elibhubhisa ngokuqhelekileyo lichazwe njengendlela yokudibana kweengqungquthela ezimbini : iinqununu kunye nama-antiparticles, ezonakaliswa ngquzulwano, zenza uhlobo olutsha lwemiba, kodwa oku kungachazwanga kwesi simo, esixhomekeke ngokujulile kwintlalo yesayensi kwaye kubangela ingxabano eninzi kulo mbandela kuze kube namhlanje.

Yintoni ekubhubhisayo? I-Annihilation yinkqubo yokwakhiwa kweefom ezintsha kwimiba kunye ne-antimatter, iindidi kunye nama-antiparticles. Kule nkqubo, iiparamitha zokuqala zezinto ezidibeneyo zigcinwe, oku: i-energy system yeengqungquthela kunye nobunzima bawo bonke, ubungakanani bemali, ukuhlawula kunye nokukhawuleza. Ngaloo ndlela, xa i-electron idibanisa ne-positron, zombini iincinci ayinakonakala, kodwa iguqulwa ibe yi-photons, idlulisela kubo ubukhulu kunye namandla, oku kuthi kulo mzekelo libe yombane we-photon.

Sicinga into enjengokubhujiswa. Iyintoni into eguqukile ekuqondeni umyalelo wehlabathi kunye nokuqonda konke kwendalo yonke?

Le nqubo inentsingiselo ebalulekileyo ye-gnoseological, ngokutshatyalaliswa ngokwenene kwiingcamango zokuqala zokungaguquki kwimiba ethile, kuba ngoku into ingatshintshwa ukusuka kwindlela eya kwenye. Ukunyuka kwezinto kubonakalisa uluntu ngento ebalulekileyo yenkalo, ephikisana ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwahlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomba, kwaye phambi kweemeko ezininzi, i-particle zingadlula kwindlela enye.

I-Electro-positron ebini

Inkqubo yokubhubhisa iqhutywe kakuhle ngokusebenzisa i-positron-electron pair njengomzekelo. Ngentlawulo ephantsi yamandla, i-electron ehambayo kunye ne-positron ibhubha (ngokubhekiselele kumbuso wayo) ezimbini ukuya kwethathu photons, kwaye inani le-photon lixhomekeke kwisikhundla se-particle spins. Ekubeni kuninzi lwe-MeV kwi-electron kunye ne-positron, ukubhujiswa kwamanzi amaninzi kunokwenzeka.

Le ngxaki yafundwa kwakhona ngokusebenzisa i-neutron-antineutron kunye neeproton-antiproton ezimbini njengemizekelo.

Ukusetyenziswa kokubhujiswa

Siyaqhubeka sidibanisa umxholo othi "Ukuhlaselwa." Yintoni le, kwaye yiyiphi ibalulekileyo ebalulekileyo? Kwakhona, ngeenkcukacha, ngaba siya kuqonda ukuba ingasetyenziswa njani?

Le ngxaki isetyenziswe ngama-physics emhlabeni wonke kwiingcamango zokuxhasana. Ngendlela yokubhubhisa ukuba amandla "E" (zero) aguqulwa kumbane we-kinetic uhlobo, kwimveliso eyenziwa. Ukudibana kwe-particle kunye neengqungquthela zihlala zihamba kunye nokukhululeka kwamandla, umzekelo, kwintlukwano ye-electron kunye nepositron. Nangona kunjalo, kumaxesha anamhlanje le ndlela yokufumana amandla ayisetyenziswanga ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, umzekelo, amaxabiso angavumelekanga kwi-antimatter kunye neendlela zokugcina i-antimatter. Amandla kunye nokubhubhisa, yintoni efihliweyo kule nkqubo? Izixhobo ezinamandla nje nje! Kwakufuneka kwaye kubalwe ukuba ukusebenzisana kwe-1 kg yezinto kunye nomlinganiselo ofanayo we-antimatter kuya kubangela ukukhululwa kwesantya samandla esilingana nama-1.8 × 1017 amathole yamandla. Umlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla uveliswa ngokuqhuma kwe-trinitrotoluene kwisixa sama-megatons angama-47.