Uphononongo ntoni kuqoqosho? Izinto ezisisiseko kunye nenjongo yesayensi yezoqoqosho

Abaphandi bazama ukuphendula umbuzo woluphi uphando lwezesayensi yezoqoqosho, ukususela ngekhulu le-18. Kwakuloo nto leyo yonke imfuneko eyayifunekayo yabonakala ukuze kuvele ukuqeqeshwa okutsha okuza kufundisisa izizathu zokucebisa abantu. Kuze kube namhlanje, ezi zifundo ziye zazala iingcamango ezininzi neemfundiso.

Ukuvela kwezesayensi yezoqoqosho

Imveliso, ukusetyenziswa nokusabalaliswa kweenkonzo kunye nempahla yintoni isayensi yezoqoqosho efundayo. Into yophando lwakhe yabonakala ekuhleni komntu kunye nentengiso. Nangona kunjalo, kude kube ngekhulu le-18, uqoqosho lwezoqoqosho lwangoku alukho, nangona kunjalo kwakukho nezoqoqosho.

Ukuphumelela kolwazi lwezobugcisa ngezizathu zokucebisa abanye kunye nokungabikho kompofu kwabanye kwenzeka ngo-1776, xa incwadi ka-Adam Smith ethi "Ukufundwa kweNdalo kunye Nezizathu Zobutyebi beZizwe" kwapapashwa. Isayense yenzululwazi ngethuba lokuqala licebise ezinye izizathu zokubambisana phakathi kwezorhwebo, imveliso kunye nemali. Waba ngumkhulumeli kunye ne-systematizer yezo ngcamango ezazide zihlala emoyeni. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, iinqununu zenzululwazi yezoqoqosho zaziwa kubo bonke abathengi abanokukwazi ukuphumelela kunye namaxesha aphakathi. Kodwa nguAdam Smith kuphela owanike ulwazi lobunzululwazi. Ukususela kwixesha lakhe, zonke izinto eziye zafundwa ngophando lwezoqoqosho ziye zafunyanwa kwi-prism yemisebenzi yesiNgesi esidumileyo.

Imiba yezoqoqosho

Ingxaki ebalulekileyo yoqoqosho kukuba umntu unelungelo elingenamkhawulo, ngelixa izibonelelo ezijikelezayo zingapheliyo. Ngenxa yokuphikisana, kuphakanyiswa imibuzo emininzi. Iingxaki ezifana naleyo yintoni isayensi yezoqoqosho efunda ngayo.

Nazi ezinye zezona mibuzo eziphambili eziphendulayo: yiyiphi imveliso engcono ukuvelisa, yintoni enye engcono ukuyivelisa, yintoni umsebenzi omele wenziwe, ngubani omele enze lo msebenzi, apho iziphumo zayo ziya kuhamba khona, njl. Zonke ezi ngxaki zengxaki zixhomekeke Isixa semithombo umntu angayilahla.

Ingxaki yomveliso

Umntu unokudala kuphela ubuninzi beempahla ukuba isixa semithombo efumanekayo siyamvumela. Indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokuvelisa yintoni na isayensi yezoqoqosho yanamhlanje. Ngokuhlanganisana okulungileyo kwezibonelelo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuzicwangcisa, umntu unokufumana umphumo omkhulu, ngoko ke inzuzo enkulu.

Kukho nawuphi na uphando lwezoqoqosho, ukuhlelwa kwezibonelelo kubalulekile. Ba no kubakho bendalo. Zizo ezo zixhobo eziye zavela ngenxa yemvelo (umzekelo, ukhuni, amanzi, nayiphi na isityalo sezolimo). Ngelo xesha, umntu wayekwazi ukufezekisa inhlalakahle yakhe ngenxa yokuba wafunda ukuvelisa izixhobo ezenza umsebenzi wakhe. Leli iqela lesibini lemithombo. Ngokomzekelo, banokufaka i-saw, izipikili, njl. Kwiingcamango zezoqoqosho, izibonelelo zendalo zibizwa ngokuba yi-capital.

Imisebenzi kunye neNkunzi

Esinye isixhobo esibalulekileyo ngumsebenzi. Oku kukuphela kwayo yonke imisebenzi yengqondo kunye nomzimba wabantu. Imithombo yemvelo ayinakunceda umntu, ukuba wayengafundile ukuyisebenzisa. Oku kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yemisebenzi yezizukulwana ezininzi. Kwiminyaka emininzi neminyaka, abantu baye basebenza kanzima ukuze bafunde kwaye baxake ihlabathi elibangqongileyo.

Inhlanganisela eyona mpu melelo kunye neyuncedo yobutyebi bemvelo, abasebenzi kunye neenkunzi zezifundo zezifundo zezoqoqosho njengenzululwazi. Kubaphandi kulolu hlobo, kubalulekile ukufumana iresiphi efanelekileyo kwimisebenzi yabantu, oko kukuthi, ukuba ungasebenzisa njani izibonelelo ezincinci kunye nexesha kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ufezekise isiphumo esihle.

YezoQoqosho

Kukho iinkalo ezinxulumene nezenzululwazi apho, ngenye indlela, uqoqosho lubonakala. Bafunda iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi babantu ngokusebenzisa i-prism yokuveliswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo. Enye yezo qeqesho i- geography yezoqoqosho. Eli gama laqaliswa ngumsulwazi waseRashiya uMikhail Lomonosov ngo-1751.

Kodwa yintoni inzululwazi efundayo kwi-geography yezoqoqosho? Ziziphi izinto ezifundwayo? Ubume bezoqoqosho bubandakanya umbutho wobutyebi bentlalo ngokubhekiselele kumqondiso wendawo. Le yintsimi ebalulekileyo kwaye ibalulekileyo. Inceda ukunquma iindlela ezichanekileyo zokuchitha izibonelelo kunye nokuvelisa iimpahla kwindawo ethile. Ihlabathi liyinkimbinkimbi kwaye lihluke. Xa enye indlela yokulima iya kusebenza, ezinye iindlela zokuvelisa ziya kuba zingenakunceda. Ubume bezoqoqosho buyadingeka nje ukufumanisa ukuba uluphi udidi lwezabasebenzi kunye nenkunzi-mali iya kusebenza kummandla ophantsi kophando.

Izindlela zokuvelisa

Nayiphi na imveliso ingaveliswa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, imoto efanayo iyaveliswa kumthumeli wesityalo esikhulu kunye neenkqubo zendibano ezizenzekelayo, kunye nakwi shishini elincinane elinabantu abancinci. Izinto ezisemgangathweni zenzululwazi yezoqoqosho ziyimfuneko ukuze uphendule umbuzo, zeziphi iimodyuli zemveliso ziya kuba luncedo kakhulu kwaye ziphumelele.

Kufuneka ichithe njengemithombo encinane, umgudu kunye nexesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Yingakho kufuneka ufunde isiseko senzululwazi yezoqoqosho - ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokuvelisa eya kuba yinto ekhethekileyo kumnini. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali azizisebenzisi iindlela ezicacileyo. Kwizenzululwazi zezoqoqosho kukho imigaqo ecacileyo yokusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho, enokubalwa ngokukwazi isixa semithombo ekhoyo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo.

Icandelo labasebenzi

Inzululwazi yezoqoqosho yenza imibuzo emininzi ebalulekileyo kuluntu. Enye yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabo ingxabano malunga nokwahlukana kwabasebenzi. Kwakuqulethwe kwingcinga yokuba umntu ngamnye kufuneka akwazi ukujongana necala apho unobungcali bonyani.

Inzululwazi yezoqoqosho yehlabathi ikhupha inkolelo yokuba omnye umsebenzi unokuba yingcali yendalo yonke. Umlimi akayi kuba ngumcebisi emini, kwaye ngokuhlwa akayi kuphinda afumaneke njengomlobi. Ngoko ke, i-economists ngelo xesha yaba ngabaxhasayo kunabo bonke kunye nabapapashi bezemfundo zeprofayili eyenziwa ngabantu abaselula kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Ngamaziko aphakamileyo emfundo anceda uluntu ngokubanzi ukusabalalisa abantu kwiindawo ezidumileyo. Ingcamango yesayensi yezoqoqosho iquka iingcamango ezininzi malunga nokwahlukana okufanelekileyo kwabasebenzi.

Ukusasazwa kwezibonelelo

Inzululwazi yezoqoqosho nayo iyimfuneko ukuze kuchaneke ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokuhambisa ngokufanelekileyo iimpahla eziveliswa luluntu. Iintlawulo eziqokelelwayo azikwazi ukufumana ezandleni ezifanayo. Zijikeleza phakathi kwabantu abanokuzifumana. Isixhobo salolu hlobo lwenkqubo.

Siyabulela ukuthenga kunye nokuthengisa kweempahla ziwela ezandleni ezintsha. Le yinkqubo yemvelo yeziganeko. Nangona kunjalo, i-theory yezoqoqosho echaza indlela engcono ngayo yokuhambisa iintlobo phakathi kwamalungu oluntu (isixeko, ilizwe, ilizwe). Abaphandi kunye neengcali ngeenkulungwane eziliqela bazama ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo eza kuvumela ukuhanjiswa kweyona mali. Kule meko, malunga nomyalelo, xa kunempahla eyaneleyo yomntu wonke, kwaye abanye abanalo intsalela, nabanye - ukungabi nampahla.