Yintoni i-onomastics kwaye ifundani?

Kwiinkqubo zesayensi ye- philological , izikhokelo ezahlukeneyo zikhethwa: i-theory yeelwimi, iilwimi, i-stylistics, i-dialectology kunye ne-onomastics. Namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga ne-onomastics, yintoni isihloko kunye nenjongo yayo, kwaye yiziphi izigaba ezizikhethelayo. Cinga ulwalamano lwayo kunye nezinye izikhokelo, imithombo enika izinto zokufunda.

Onomastics njengenzululwazi

Masiqale ngeyiphi i-onomastics. Inkcazo ithi le ngxenye yeelwimi ezenza amagama afanelekileyo okanye ii-onymes.

Ekuqaleni, i-onomastics yayisetyenziswe kwisayensi, eyayisetyenziswe ngabadumi beembali, i-geographer, kunye nabaphengululi beencwadi njengendlela yokuncedisa. Kamva kwagqitywa kwicandelo elithile leelwimi kunye neendlela zalo zokuhlalutya izinto eziphathekayo ngeelwimi. Into yokufunda isayensi yimbali yemvelaphi, iinjongo zokutyunjwa kunye nokusebenza kwamagama afanele kulwimi. Esi sifundo sihambelana ngqo ngama-onymes, amagama.

Izifundo ze-Onomastics zifowuni, i-morphological, i-derivational, i-semantic ne-etymological imiba yamagama afanelekileyo.

Imbali yophuhliso

Ukuthetha malunga ne-onomastics, kuyimfuneko ukuchukumisa kuloo mbuzo njengembali yemvelaphi yesayensi.

Kuqwalaselwa njengelutsha. Kukho ngokusemthethweni kuvela ngo-1930, xa kuqala kwi-International International Onomastic Congress eyayibanjwe eFransi.

Sekule ngowe-1949 bamise ikomiti ye-onomastic ye-UNESCO, bayashicilela iphephancwadi ekhethekileyo i-Onoma. Uphuhliso lwentuthuko ye-onomastics lwawela kwiminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-60 ekhulwini lokugqibela.

I-onomastics yaseRussia iqala imbali yayo ukususela ngo-1812, xa uAk kh. Vostokov wapapasha isihloko esithi "Isabelo kubathandi be-etymology." Ngowe-1813 omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo ngu-E. Bolkhovitinov "Kwizinto ezikhethiweyo zamagama afanelekileyo aseSlav" yapapashwa. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini, inzululwazi iye yaphuhliswa, kusekwa iindlela zayo zophando, ukuqokelela izinto eziphathekayo, ukudala i-theory ngephi. Ngo-2004, iphephancwadi elithi "Imiba ye-Onomastics" iqalisa ukuvela eRashiya.

Izixhobo zesayensi

Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo, iinkalo ezininzi zophando zikhethwe. I-Onomastics yamagama afanelekileyo anokufikelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi, ngelixa ukwahlula:

• Ii-onomastics zengingqi, ezijongene nokufundisisa i-onomastics zommandla othile, ukuphonononga i-subsystems onomastic.
• Iingqungquthela, ezenza uphando lweepatheni jikelele zophuhliso kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo ze-onomastic.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-onomastics kuhambelana ngokukodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegama, ukusebenza kwabo ngolwimi lwangoku. Oku kuquka ukusekwa kwerekhodi kunye nokubizwa ngamagama, ukuphuhliswa kwamanqaku amiselweyo ekuqulunqweni kwamagama abhalwe phantsi kunye nezigama, izichazi zokubonisa ukuba zendawo ethile, indawo yokuhlala, intsapho.
• Inkcazelo, ejongene nohlalutyo lwengingqi ye-onomastic yendawo ethile. Ngelo xesha, enye iklasi ye-onomastic iqwalaselwa.
• I-poomtic onomastics - uphando ngokusebenza kwamagama afanelekileyo kwiimibhalo zetekisi, imigaqo yendalo yabo, imisebenzi kwi-text.

Amacandelo

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lezinto ezifundwe ngamagama afanelekileyo, amacandelo alandelayo e-onomastics ayahlukana:

• I-Anthroponymic - ihlola amagama abantu.
• I-Toponymy - ifunda amagama eendawo zendawo.
• I-Zoonimika - uhlola amagama ezilwanyana.
• I-Astronomy - ufunda amagama amabhunga e-stellar - amaplanethi, iinkwenkwezi, ii-comets.
• I-Hydronymics - uphando ngegama lezinto zamanzi - imilambo, amachibi, ulwandle nolwandle.

Ubudlelwane nezinye iicandelo

Ukuthetha malunga ne-onomastics, umntu akanako kodwa uqaphele ukuxhamla kwayo kunye nezinye izikhokelo. Okokuqala, ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiilwimi. Inzululwazi isebenzisa iindlela zokusetyenziswa kolwimi ukuhlalutya amagama afanelekileyo. Kudibaniswe nelo logic, ekubeni udibaniso phakathi kwegama kwaye igama lifundwa. Ukuqhagamshelana phakathi kwe-onomastics kunye ne-geography kunye nesayensi yeenkwenkwezi. Iingcali zisoloko ziphendukela kwiinomso zokusombulula iingxaki ezifana nokuchaneka kokupela nokupela amagama.

Imbali, i-ethnography kunye ne-archeology inikezela ngolwazi oluninzi oluncedo kwiingcali zesayensi. Ngokufanayo, kunceda abanomlando. Ixabiso le-onomastics zenzululwazi ezinxulumene nembali zibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, idatha ye-onomastics inceda ekufundeni ukuhlaliswa kwabantu, amasiko abo kunye nemigangatho yabo, ekubeni ukubunjwa kwamagama, ukusetyenziswa kwabo, abahambelananga nje kuphela kubantu abathile, kodwa nakwii-epochs. Ngoncedo lwe-onomastics, akunakwenzeka kuphela ukucacisa imida yokuhlaliswa kwezizwe, kodwa ukuhlawula imimos ebhaliweyo eyahlukeneyo.

Imithombo yokufunda

Sifumene ukuba i-onomastics yintoni, inkcazelo yanikezelwa kuyo, kwaye iinqununu eziphambili zikhethwe. Kodwa umbuzo omnye wawusagcinwanga uninitiated - kuphi izazinzulu zithatha iincwadi zokufunda?

Kukho imithombo emininzi. Ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu:

1. Uludwe lwamagama kunye negama.
2. Iincwadi kunye neekhalenda zeCawa.
3. Iirekhodi zeDialectal kunye nememo.
4. Iimephu zendawo kunye neenkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi.
5. Iincwadi zee dilesi.
6. Iincwadi zezinto zokusebenzela umhlaba.
7. IiKhathalogu zemiboniso yezilwanyana.
8. Iintlobo zokukhwela kweehashe.
9. Umsebenzi wobugcisa.

Kufunda

Bafunda le nzu lulwazi kuphela kwiiyunivesithi kwii-philological faculties. Ukuqhelana necandelo kwenzeka xa ufunda ikhosi ethi "Lexicology" okanye njengekhosi ekhethekileyo. Ekuhambeni koqeqesho, abafundi baya kufunda ukuba yiyiphi i-isomastika, yiziphi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo, kwaye ziphi na izigaba ezinikwayo.

Kwikhosi yesikolo akaqhelekanga ukufunda, ngaphandle kweeklasi zeeprofayili eziphezulu. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo nolwazi kunye nesayensi lugqwesileyo kwaye lunikeza ulwazi olusisiseko malunga nalo.

Izigqibo

I-Onomastics yenye yeelwimi zokufunda eziphononongo amagama afanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kwazo ngesiRashiya. Ufana nentsha. Bawufunda kwii-philological faculties.