I-nertic optic, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi

I-nertic optic iyimigodi ekhethekileyo kwaye ifana ne-cortex ye-cerebral kwisakhiwo. Imisebenzi ye-optic nerve iqulethe ukuhanjiswa kweempembelelo zentsholongwane ezifunyenwe yintsebenzo ye-stimuli eyahlukeneyo evela kwi-retina yelihlo ukuya kwindawo ebonakalayo ye-cortex ye-cerebral.

I-nertic Optic: isakhiwo.

Imisipha yomnxeba we- retina yamehlo idibanisa kunye ne-optic nererve. Iqulethwe ngamacandelo amane: i-intraocular, intracanular, intraorbital and intracranial. Isebe le-intraocular i-disc kunye nobubanzi malunga ne-1.5 mm. Inxalenye ye-orbital inebude malunga no-3 cm. I-nertic optic ine-5-6 mm ubude kumzila wesithambo kunye ne-4-17 mm kwinqanawa engenazo.

Indawo yokuphela kwemizwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ye-retina yakhiwe ngokwezakhiwo ezithile. Ngaloo ndlela, xa usondela kwi disk, ugcino lweemibilini ze-nervous has a thickness, ngelixa iimbilini ze-nerve kwi disk zijikelezwe ngeengxondorha ezilungileyo, zenza igumbi le-intraocular le-nertic optic.

I-nertic optic iqala kwi disk kwaye inokuphela kwisiqhelo. I-nertic optic kumntu omdala inomlinganiselo wama-35 ukuya kuma-55 mm. Ihlanganiswe ngeembumba ezintathu zengqondo: iqinile, i-soft and arachnoid. Isikhala phakathi kwezi iigobolondo sigcwele isakhelo esithile esikhethekileyo kunye nesakheko samakhemikhali.

Iifayili ezibonakalayo ezivela kwimizi emibini ziphuma kwi-cranial cavity, apho zijoyina khona kwisibhedlele saseTurkey. Indawo yokudibanisa ibizwa ngokuba yi-chiasma. Inxibelela iifayili ezibonakalayo. Ukuphambuka kuxhomekeke kulezo zibopho ezivela kwiindawo zangaphakathi ze-retina. Ezi zigugu zibaluleke kakhulu ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezifo ezithile. Emva kokuwela, iipatraki ezibonakalayo zenziwe, ezisezantsi kwengubo yengqondo ejikeleze i-pedicle yayo kwaye iphele kwiimpawu eziguguleyo, ngaphambili kwe-quadolla, kunye nakwindawo engasemva kwe-hillock ebonakalayo. Imizimba ye-Cranial ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhanjisweni kweempembelelo ezibonakalayo kwi-cortex ye-cerebral. Lezo zibopheko eziphelisa kwi-hillock ebonakalayo yombonakalo we-reflex ye-visceral and somatic reflexes. Kwaye i-front quadruple isetyenziselwa ukudlulisela iingcamango zabafundi. Iimbane ze-optic zidlulela kwi-nuclei ye- oculomotor nererve, apho zingena khona iliso, ziphela kwi-muscle ye-iris.

Iinkqubo zeepathologi eziphuhliswayo kwiimbilini ze-optic zibalamano obusondeleyo kunye nesakhiwo sayo. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-capillari aqulethwe kwi-septum kwaye azungeze i-nertic optic, kunye ne-hypersensitivity toxins, izimo zenziwe ngenxa yeziphumo ezinobungozi ekupheleni kwezibilini kunye nezifo ezithintekayo. Xa uxinzelelo lwe - intraocular lukhuphuka, i-diski iba yindawo ekhuselekileyo, ngenxa yoko kubanjwe i-glaucoma. Uxinzelelo olusenyongweni olusenyongweni lulibazisa ukuphuma kwamanzi kwindawo ephakathi, okubangelwa ukunyanzeliswa kwentsholongwane kunye nokuvuvukala kwezinto ezikhoyo ngaphakathi.

I-disc nayo ichaphazeleka kakhulu yi-hydrodynamic ne-hemodynamic shifts, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukunyanzeliswa kwe-intraocular. Naluphina utshintsho kwiimbono ze-optic zihlala zikhokelela kumbono ongaphaya kombono okanye kumbindi ophakathi, kwaye kunokukho ukuphazamiseka kwemibono yokukhanya kwelanga kunye nokungafani kombala. Izifo ezinxulumene neimbono ze-optic ziyancipha, ziphikisa okanye ziyavutha. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho izicubu kunye nokungaqhelekanga ekuphuhlisweni kunye nesakhiwo se-nertic optic.