Pupillary reflex kunye iimpawu yokwehlulwa

Amehlo umzimba ebalulekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza umzimba kunye ubomi obanelisayo. Lo msebenzi ungundoqo - imbono zizinto ukukhanya, yaye ngaloo ndlela kukho umfanekiso.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Yeyona peripheral umbutho emehlweni kwikhavithi eyodwa lukakayi, ekuthiwa okuwo. C. yokuxazulula engqongwe izihlunu iliso, apho kuthiwa, wenjenjeya. Yamazinyo iquka iindawo ezininzi:

1. Ngoko nangoko lweliso lakho, nto leyo iba imilo ungqukuva malunga nama-24 mm ubukhulu. Le ibandakanya vitreous, lens, kunye uburharha zolwelo. Konke oku ingqongwe imifinya ezintathu: neprothini, mesh nemithambo yaye zicwangciswe ukuze reverse. Elements, ngenxa apho ejika mfanekiso, ibekwe kwi retina. Ezi zinto ke ezenza avelana ekukhanyeni;
2. isixhobo sokhuselo, equka iinkophe ephezulu nesezantsi, amehlo socket;
3. Adnexa. Awona macandelo aphambili ke ingaba lacrimal kunye imigudu yayo;
4. inkqubo Oculomotor, leyo unoxanduva intshukumo lweliso lakho kwaye yakhiwa izihlunu;
5. luvo seplastiki.

nemisebenzi esisiseko

Umsebenzi main lwenziwa yi umbono - umahluko phakathi iimpawu ezahlukeneyo bomzimba izinto, ezifana ukukhanya, umbala, imilo, ubukhulu. Ngokubambisana isenzo kwezinye analyzers (ukuva, ivumba, njl) ikuvumela ukulawula indawo ye umzimba space, kodwa ukuqikelela umgama ukuya into. Kungenxa yoko le nto nokuthintelwa kwezifo amehlo kufuneka kwenziwa njalo umona.

Ubukho of pupillary reflex

Ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo iliso, phantsi reactions ezithile lwangaphandle zenzeka ukuze ngokuba ikhaliphe pupillary, apho umntwana iingqameko okanye unwenwa. Pupillary reflex, arc reflex leyo zeendawana yokwakheka ngayo indlela umfundi ukuba ubungqina ekukhanyeni yempilo iliso kwaye yonke eziphilayo. Yiloo nto kwezinye izifo ugqirha into yokuqala ukuhlola le reflex.

Yintoni indlela?

umfundi reaction, okanye ekuthiwa reflex pupillary (amanye amagama - reflex raduzhkovy, iritichesky reflex) kukho utshintsho imilinganiselo linear ngayo umfundi lweliso. Le miqathango kuvame yi yindibanisela iris kwezihlunu, kwaye inkqubo umva - kuthanjiswa - kukhokelela ekwandeni umfundi.

izinto kunokwenzeka

Ubizwa ngokuba indibanisela ezinye zizinto reflex, uninzi lwazo ithathwa utshintsho kwinqanaba ukhanyiso ezithile. Ukongeza, utshintsho ubukhulu umfundi kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• isenzo amanye amachiza. Kungenxa yoko le nto zisetyenziswa njenge indlela zokufumanis imeko i libanda, amayeza okanye ubunzulu ngokugqithisileyo Ukubulawa;
• ukutshintsha ugxininiso ngembono yaloo mntu;
• bekudla, zombini ezimbi nezilungileyo ngokulinganayo.

Ukuba akukho mpendulo

Ukungabikho abasabela ngayo umfundi ekukhanyeni sinokubonisa ithi ezahlukeneyo abantu ingozi ebomini yaye zifuna iingcali ukungenelela.

Scheme pupillary reflex

Izihlunu ezilawula ukusebenza umfundi ngokulula kuchaphazela ixabiso layo ukuba bangena kwizivuseleli ethile evela ngaphandle. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukunyenyisa ekungeneni ukukhanya okungena ngqo kwi esweni. Ukuba Ikhaka iliso elangeni engenayo, uze uvule, umfundi, leyo pre-eyandisiweyo ebumnyameni, kanye zancitshiswa kangakanani xa ukukhanya. Pupillary reflex, arc reflex eliqala kwiretina, ibonisa eqhelekileyo yokusebenza komzimba.

Iris linazo zombini iindidi izihlunu. Elinye iqela i imicu kwezihlunu thunzi. Innervating Imicu parasympathetic ye-luvo optic. Xa ezi izihlunu, le nkqubo ibangela constriction ngayo umfundi. Elinye iqela unoxanduva ukwanda umfundi. Oku kuquka Imicu kwezihlunu iphiramidi ebonisa leyo innervated yi luvo novelwano.

yesekethe reflex Pupillary Kuyinto eqhelekileyo, ngokwale ndlela ilandelayo. Ukukhanya udlula kweengqimba iliso kunye refracted kulo iwela ngqo kwi retina. Ziiphotoreceptor, ibekwe apha, kulo mzekelo, lusisiqalo nje yokudala. Ngamanye amazwi, oku apho indlela iqala kunye pupillary reflex. Innervation le luvo parasympathetic kuchaphazela ukusebenza sphincter ye iliso, kwaye arc pupillary reflex iquka oko kumafa yayo. Le nkqubo ngokwawo ibizwa ingalo efferent. Kukho kwakhona iziko ebizwa ngokuba le reflex pupillary, emva koko luvo ezahlukeneyo ukutshintsha indlela yabo, abanye babo baye ngokusebenzisa esikhondweni ngobuchopho inxalenye usikrobana iliso nge kumngxunyana phezulu, enye - ukuya sphincter ngayo umfundi. Kule ndlela iphela. Yiloo nto ke reflex pupillary ivaliwe. Ukungabikho sokungamelani loo ubonise naziphi na ukunyhashwa umzimba womntu, apho kungenxa yokuba oko likubona kubaluleke kangaka.

Pupillary reflex kunye iimpawu yokwehlulwa

Kuphononongo yale reflex kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu eziliqela basabela:

• ixabiso constriction ngayo umfundi;
• balolonge;
• ukufana bayavuma;
• nokwenze abafundi.

Kukho ezimbi ezininzi kakhulu zithandwa exela ukuba ikhaliphe pupillary accommodative yaye waphazamiseka, ebonisa ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle emzimbeni:

• nokungakwazi Amavroticheskaya abafundi. Esi simo ukulahleka basabela phambili xa lakhanya iliso iimfama indlela wahlobana iingxaki mbono ukuba ulandelwe. Izizathu zidla izifo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwiretina ukakha olubonakalayo. Ukuba nokungakwazi unilateral sisiphumo amaurosis (izilonda semehlo), ize idityaniswe ukwandiswa umfundi, nangona elincinane, kukho amathuba anisocoria (abafundi aba ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu). Xa ulwaphulo enye indlela pupillary azisayi kuchaphazeleka. Ukuba amaurosis ukuvela omabini amacala (okt, ayachaphazeleka ngexesha elifanayo amehlo omabini), abafundi ukuba enza ntoni, naxa ekucaca ukuba imitha yelanga ziyanatyiswa, oko kukuthi, i-reflex pupillary engekho ngokupheleleyo.
• Olunye uhlobo amavroticheskoy nokungakwazi kwe abafundi - gemianopicheskaya nokungakwazi kwe umfundi. Mhlawumbi kukho ngokoyiswa phecana optic, nto leyo sikhatshwa hemianopsia, okt kwisiqingatha beemfama intsimi olubonakalayo, nto leyo kubonakaliswa kungekho pupillary reflex emehlweni omabini.

• Robertson nokungakwazi reflex okanye syndrome. Ihlala ukungabi zombini yokuziphendulela ngqo kwaye banobuhlobo abafundi. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo uhlobo sangaphambili boyisiwe, xa ukuhlangabezana impendulo (constriction ngayo abafundi xa kunokwenzeka ukuba bakhangele swi kwindawo ethile) kunye yokuhlala (ukutshintsha iimeko lwangaphandle apho kukho umntu) akayi yaphulwe. Le uphawu ibangwa kukuba utshintsho olwenzekayo emehlweni parasympathetic innervartsii xa kukho ukutshatyalaliswa elakha parasympathetic, imicu yayo. Esi sifo asenokubonisa ukuba kukho inkqubo luvo ibakala negcushuwa kakhulu, kunqabile ingxelo kobuchopho syndrome, ithumba ebuchotsheni (oko kukuthi, xa imilenze), kwakunye nokwenzakala engqondweni esibuhlungu.

• nokungakwazi Absolute okanye epheleleyo umfundi (oko kukuthi, akuyi iingqameko, abe engalubambi sandise kwaphela). Xa badibana nezinto umtha wokukhanya reyi umfundi axilonge bengekho bobabini impendulo ngqo kwaye ngobubele isivuseleli. Ukuphuhlisa ukusabela onjalo ngoko nangoko, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Njengomgaqo, iqala wokunyhashwa reactions pupillary komzimba - mydriasis (umfundi komlomo), ukunqongophala ukuhamba ngayo abafundi.

Izizathu ingaba ukudumba kwi ngumongo, umnqonqo okanye buti le-luvo enemfanelo yeentshukumo ngeliso, ugxininiso emzimbeni ciliary, nangezilonda, amathumba ngomva luvo ciliary.