Mlilo amakhulu: uluhlu

Yintoni mlilo? nokuphuma Hot lwentaba, ukuchitheka emhlabeni, yaye kunye uthuthu ilifu zomphunga eshushu. Le mbono imincili ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ivela phi? Zeziphi mlilo ezinkulu ekhoyo kwiplanethi yethu? Ziphi na?

Imvelaphi kunye neentlobo ze-mlilo

Phantsi uqweqwe obukhulu ngayo daka - ubushushu otyhidiweyo izinto ezinkulu yaye phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Njengenxalenye daka iqulethe izimbiwa, umphunga wamanzi kunye neegesi. Xa xi uba phezulu kakhulu, iziqina igesi bakruthana kwindawo ezibuthathaka noqweqwe. Umphezulu lilele Umhlaba liphuma njengoko iintaba, yaye ekugqibeleni sathi qwele daka.

magma edubulayo kuthiwa mlilo kwedwala up yenduli, umngxuma - mlilo. Iqhume ihamba umsi nothuthu kunye umphunga. lihamba Lava ngesantya kwe-40 km / h, amaqondo obushushu of 1000 degrees Celsius. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kuqhambuko mlilo ngezimanga ezinxulumene zahlulwe iintlobo ezininzi. Umzekelo, Hawaiian, Plinian, peleysky kunye nabanye.

Njengoko olu daka lushushu Ukuguqulwa kolwelo ukuvuza kwaye izaleko enyanzeliswa phezu kwethu, bedala imilo mlilo. Ngoko ke, kukho mlilo etsobhileyo, iflethi, angqukuva, stratosphere, okanye sekhombuya, kunye neemilo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukongeza, ukuba yahlulwe esebenzayo, aleleyo kunye extinct, ngokuxhomekeke iqondo mlilo.

mlilo ezinkulu zomhlaba

Ehlabathini lonke, kukho malunga nama-540 mlilo, inani extinct ngakumbi. Bonke bephela, ikakhulu kwi wePasifiki, eMpuma Afrika, lweMeditera wayivala imimandla. Lo msebenzi mkhulu kuboniswa iindawo eMzantsi and Central Merika, ena, Japan, i Aleutian Islands, e Iceland.

Kuphela kummandla wePasifiki kubekwe mlilo 330. mlilo ezinkulu kwi Andes, eziqithini Asia. E-Afrika, i-liphezulu uthathwa Kilimanjaro, elise Tanzania. Lo mlilo ezinokuba esebenzayo, ezinokuthi bavuke nangawuphi na umzuzu. ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 5895.

umhlaba ezimbini mlilo elikhulu siyakhuthazeka kummandla Chile kunye Argentina. Bona ingqalelo liphezulu ehlabathini. Ojos del Salado na icinyiwe, mlilo yayo kwenzeka ngo-700 AD, nangona ngamanye amaxesha kuphosa umphunga wamanzi kunye nesalfure. llullaillaco Argentina ingqalelo esebenzayo, ngexesha lokugqibela ngayo kwaqhambuka kuphela ngo-1877.

I-mlilo inkulu jikelele lucaciswa kule theyibhile.

Ring of Pacific Fire

amanzi Pacific ukufihla iipleyiti ezintathu lithospheric. imiphetho zabo zangaphezulu yiya phantsi lithospheric iipleyiti amazwekazi. Lonke kujikelezo amalungu elimi Pacific Ring of Fire - mlilo ezincinane nezinkulu, uninzi lwazo esebenzayo.

Ring lomlilo iqala Antarctica, esisebenzisayo nge New Zealand, kwiiPhilippines, Japan, i Kuril Islands, ena, uManeki ngeenxa zonke Pacific unxweme North nakuMzantsi Melika. Kwezinye iindawo, ukuba uwaphule umsesane, umzekelo, kufuphi Vancouver Island kunye State of California.

mlilo ezinkulu Pacific ibhanti zicwangciswe Andes (Orizaba, San Pedro, Misty, Kotopahi), iSumatra (Kerinci), Ross isiqithi (Erebus), Java (Semeru). Enye edumileyo - iFuji - ime kwisiqithi Honshu. I Sunda Strait lo mlilo Krakatoa.

Imvelaphi mlilo lencinibakazi yi zeHawaii Islands. I-mlilo inkulu - Loa kunye kokuwa 4169 eemitha. Ubude wayesisalamane neentaba Everest kwaye igqalwa ephakeme kunazo zonke zehlabathi, oku kuthetha ukuya 10 168 leemitha.

zone Mediterranean

Iinkalo intaba North-West Afrika, kumazantsi eYurophu, kwiMeditera, neCaucasus, eAsia Minor, Indo-China, eTibet, Indonesia kunye malayas phezulu Alpide nebhanti. Apha kukho iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zejoloji, omnye abonisa apho umsebenzi mlilo.

I-mlilo inkulu kwindawo Mediterranean - yi ntshava, Santorini (uLwandle lweAegean) kunye neNtaba iEtna eItali, Elbrus kunye Kazbek Caucasus zeArarati eTurkey. Italian ntshava iqulathe iincopho ezintathu. Ukususela mlilo yayo enamandla kwi AD ngenkulungwane yokuqala, isixeko wabandezeleka saseHerculaneum, kaPompeii, Stabia, Oplonti. Xa kukhunjulwa esi siganeko, uKarl Bryullov wabhala womzobo odumileyo "Imihla Yokugqibela sePompeii."

Stratovolcano Ararati indawo eliphezulu Turkey kunye ihewu Armenian. dubulo yayo yokugqibela kwenzeka ngo-1840. Sikhatshwe yinyikima zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwilali eselumelwaneni kunye monastery. Ararat njengoko abaseAfrika Kazbek, iquka iincopho ezimbini, ohlukanisa undim.

mlilo ezinkulu Russian (uluhlu)

Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation, i-mlilo kummandla Kuril Islands, ena, neCaucasus kunye Trans-zamanzi. Bona akhawunti malunga 8.5% yazo zonke mlilo ehlabathini. Abaninzi babo zithathwa ukuba ziphele, nangona ukujaduka ngequbuliso babangenagama One ngo-1956 kwaye Academy of Sciences ngo-1997 zabonisa i-kwezinto kwikota.

I-mlilo inkulu ibekwe eKamchatka kunye Kuril Islands. I aphezulu lonke Eurasia (kuquka ikhona) ithathwa Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4835 meters). dubulo yayo yokugqibela sabhalwa ngo-2013. Kwi-Primorsky yaye iyavuma Territories aba mlilo ezincinane kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-Baranovsky ukuphakama kweemitha ezili-160. umsebenzi wayo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo wabonisa Berg (2005), Ebeko (2010), Chikurachki (2008), Kizimen (2013) kunye nabanye.

I-mlilo ezinkulu Russia lucaciswa kule theyibhile.

isiphelo

Mlilo ifuthe iinkqubo esebenzayo olwenzeka ngaphakathi iplanethi yethu. Bona eqalisiweyo hot spots kuqweqwe, apho ixolo abakwazi ukumelana uxinzelelo yokuhlasela kunye namaqondo aphezulu. Imiphumela intaba mlilo kunokuba kuba kubi kakhulu, njengoko zikhatshwa isidoda umoya uthuthu, iigesi, nesalfure.

iqhuma into ehamba zidla neenyikima iziphene. Amanzi udaka ubushushu enkulu kangaka, kweso izenzo phezu eziphilayo eziphilayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kugwayimbo etshabalalisayo mlilo ilifa inyathelo umva. Lava, Nezingathanga kuza kumphezulu, kunokususa neetyuwa, ukwakha iintaba. Isiphumo kuqhambuko ye mlilo e Iceland sele kwisiqithi Surtsey.