Mohs isikali. Yobulukhuni kwi Mohs isikali

Mohs isikali - kwisikali samanqaku ayi-10, yenzelwe ngu Karl Friedrich Mohs ngo-1812, nto leyo evumela ukuba uthelekise yobulukhuni kwezimbiwa. Isikali inika qualitative kunokuba ingqikelelo ubungakanani yobulukhuni lilitye.

History of indalo

Ukudala isikali Mohs kusetyenziswa 10 standard izimbiwa - talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, zwi, netopazi, uRuby nekalikedo. LeZimbiwa Wabeka umyalelo yokuqaqadeka okwandayo, ukuthatha njengesiqalo into yokuba imikrwelo nzima wokumbiwa othambileyo. Calcite, umzekelo, ekuqaleni gypsum kunye calcite ukukrwela oovimba fluorite, yaye ezi izimbiwa wenze talc zimfundiso. Ekubeni minerals afunyenwe kumaxabiso ahambelanayo kwi Mohs isikali yokuqaqadeka: -1 itshokhwe, gypsum - 2, calcite - 3, fluorite - 4. Uphenyo wabonisa ukuba izimbiwa ogama yobulukhuni singaphantsi 6, iglasi phina, abo yokuqaqadeka ingaphezulu kwe-6 - iglasi ekuqaleni . window Ukuqina kule osakhasayo malunga 6.5.

Stones, a lukhuni ngaphezu 6, .Luqhubekekisiwe nekalikedo.

Mohs Isikali uqikelelo nje kuphela yezimbiwa yobulukhuni. A umlinganiselo echanileyo ngakumbi - nokuqina epheleleyo.

Indawo minerals in Mohs isikali

LeZimbiwa kumanqanaba acwangciswe ngolandelelwano lwe yokuqaqadeka. Le ezinqamlezeneyo lo lukhuni 1, phina kunye kozipho, umzekelo, talc (itshokhwe). Ngapha koko kukho izimbiwa ezimbalwa kakhulu isiqina - ulexit, evuthiweyo, muscovite. yokuqaqadeka kwi Mohs isikali incinane - 2. izimbiwa ezithambileyo abanjalo ukuba likhazimliswe, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo izacholo. Beautiful matye yokuqaqadeka sityhafile zokuhomba, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo azibizi. Phakathi kwazo njengezikhumbuzo wayedla.

Izimbiwa kunye nobulukhuni ukususela nge-3 5 phina lula ngemela. Gagate, rhodochrosite, malachite, rhodonite, nekarbhunkolo, jade cabochon ngokufuthi likhazimliswe, kakuhle ibengezela (idla ngokusetyenziswa zinc oxide). Ezi minerals azikho ukumelana emanzini.

izimbiwa Solid nezacholo, iidayimani, neerubhi, ngeempahla zakho, iikarbhunkolo, ngesafire, itopazi kunye neziqhushumbisi baphathwa ngokuxhomekeke elubala, umbala, ubukho ukungcola. kwekorale Stellate okanye ngesafire, umzekelo, banqunyulwe cabochons ukugxininisa ilitye engaqhelekanga, iintlobo ezibonisa ngaphaya shwaka ovali, izangqa okanye amathontsi, ezifana ngedayimani.

amatye ubucwebe

Zonke izimbiwa kabani yokuqaqadeka mncinci kuno-7 phezu isikali, zithathwa inobulali, abo ngasentla 7 - nzima. izimbiwa Solid iSADC ukusebenza nedayimani, iindidi iinkalo kunokwenzeka, elubala, kunye nokunqaba kubenza ezilungele ukusetyenziswa xa izacholo.

diamond yobulukhuni kwi Mohs isikali 10. Diamonds shwaka ukuze ukuhluzwa ukulahlekelwa kancinci intlama eweni. Le diamond aphathwe wabiza nekalikedo. Ngenxa yokuqaqadeka yalo phezulu nokuzabalazela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iidayimani phantse obungunaphakade.

Yobulukhuni lwerubhi kunye ngesafire kancinane ubungwanyalala asezantsi diamond kwaye 9 kwi-Mohs isikali. Ixabiso la matye, kwakunye iikarbhunkolo, ngokuxhomekeke umbala, elubala, kwaye inani iziphene - i selubala ilitye, umbala olunzulu kunye nayo neentanda ngaphantsi, kungona ixabiso.

amatye semiprecious

Kancinane ngaphantsi diamond kunye corundum oxabisekileyo itopazi ne garnets. yokuqaqadeka phezu Mohs isikali lamanqaku 7-8. La matye iphathwa kakuhle diamond. Price ixhomekeke umbala. Okukhona umbala netopazi kunye garnet, kokukhona ebiza kakhulu imveliso iya kuba kulungile. Eyona nto yayixabiseke kakhulu kakhulu izinto ezinqabe kakhulu netopazi yellow garnets nemfusa (madzhority). Nelitye lokugqibela inqabile ukuze ixabiso layo ukuze ibe ngaphezu koko diamond ecocekileyo.

Coloured tourmalines: ezipinki (rubellite), oluhlaza (indicolite), eluhlaza (verdelite), ivatala tourmaline likwabizwa amatye semi-anqabileyo. Ngaphaya tourmalines kwizinga eliphezulu efumaneka kwindalo kunqabile kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko amaxesha pyrope imali eninzi kakhulu yaye netopazi oluhlaza, nangenxa ivatala (pink and green) abaqokeleli ilitye musa ukudinwa ukuzingela. Yobulukhuni kumatye kwi Mohs isikali kakhulu eliphezulu kwaye kuthetha amanqaku 7-7.5. La matye kakuhle ukuba likhazimliswe, musa ukutshintsha umbala, kodwa ukufumana iqhekeza ubucwebe kunye tourmaline eqaqambileyo neselubala - istrowuku yokwenene luck.

Iindidi omnyama tourmaline (schorl) libhekisela amatye zokuhomba. Schorl eziqinileyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ilitye ntlanzi, leyo ngokulula kutshatyalaliswa ngexesha processing. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba tourmaline abamnyama ngokufuthi wathengisa kunganyangwa. Schorl ingqalelo khubalo inamandla zokhuselo.

isicelo technical

Izimbiwa kunye namatye kunye yokuqaqadeka eziphakamileyo kakhulu esetyenziswa kwishishini. Umzekelo, lenyengane Mohs yokuqaqadeka - 5 ukuya ku-7, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kaMika kuyo. Le rock nzima esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwakhiweni njengoko ekufanisweni nokuyifeza ngeninako.

ngesafire enemibala okanye leicosapphires, nangona yokuqaqadeka ophezulu kunye nokunqaba isalamane, ayikho enyanzeliswa bejewellery, kodwa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu laser kunye nezinye izixhobo zokukhanyisa.

Practical isicelo koluhlu

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isikali Mohs yokuqaqadeka unika kuphela qualitative, kunokuba uvavanyo oluninzi, lisetyenziswa kwi yokwakheka komhlaba. Ukusebenzisa i Mohs isikali igeology kunye mineralogy unako malunga ukuchonga uhlobo unknown ngokuxhomekeke susceptibility yaso ukuzikrwempa ngemela okanye iglasi. Phantse yonke imithombo iimbekiselo zibonisa yobulukhuni kwezimbiwa kwi Mohs isikali, kunokuba ukuqinisa yabo epheleleyo.

Xa izinto Mohs isikali lendlele ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Yobulukhuni ilitye kuxhomekeke indlela neentlobo zayo unyango komphezulu kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo.

Okunye isikali yobulukhuni

Mohs isikali - kungekuphela nje isikali yobulukhuni. Kukho ezinye ezikalini ukuba zisekelwe ekukwazini izimbiwa kunye nezinye izinto ukuxhathisa deformation. Eyona idumileyo - Rockwell. indlela Rockwell ilula - oko kusekelwe yokulinganisa kubunzulu kwii-kubunzulu indenter lo mbandela. Njengoko icebiso diamond indenter luqhele ukusetyenziswa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba izimbiwa akuvamanga abakhuselekanga isifundo indlela Rockwell, nto idla isetyenziselwa isinyithi kunye aluminium.

Ngokufanayo yakhiwe Shore izikali bobuso. Shore yobulukhuni indlela ivumela ukuqingqwa zombini isinyithi kunye nezinto elastic ngakumbi (irabha, iplastiki).