NA Nekrasov, "I-Panaevsky Cycle": uluhlu lwemibongo

U-Nikolay Nekrasov kuqala koku zonke unxulumene nesininzi kunye nemibongo ngeRashiya. Imimandla engenamkhawulo, iindlela ezinothuli, ubunzima bokuphila kwezilwanyana - konke oku kubonakaliswa kumagama akhe, kwaye le yonke iNekrasov. "Umjikelezo wePanaevsky" - uluhlu lwemibongo ekhutshwe kwiingqungquthela eziqhelekileyo kuthi sonke, le nto yimbongo yothando, ngamnye umgca onikezelwa kumfazi wesibongo, ngaphandle kwe-Civil - Avdotya Panayeva. Ulwalamano lwabo lwaluyinto elula, kodwa luvuyisa kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuthetha ngabo.

Intshayelelo

Ngomnyaka we-1842, intlekele yazisa uNicholas osemncinci noAvdotya Panayeva, kwintombi yaseBryansk, ngolunye ubusuku bemini. "Uhlala ulungeleleneyo," imbongi kamva yabhala malunga nolwazi olutsha. Kwakuyintando ekuqalekeni, kwaye akumangalisi: U-Avdotya wayemncinci, ekhangeleka, enetalente kwiincwadi. Evelele ngokucacileyo kuluntu, i-salon yakhe yelizwe yakha umdla omkhulu wabalobi bePeter. Ngaphezu koko, uPanaeva, nangona inani elikhulu labalandeli, wayezinikezele ngokupheleleyo kumyeni wakhe, nangona yena, akazange ahluke ngokuziphakamisa nokuziphatha okumzekelo.

Nangona ngaphantsi kwe-spell ye-Avdotya, noFyodor Dostoevsky wangena enkingeni, kodwa uPanayeva akazange avumele ubudlelwane ukuba buphuhlise. Kakade, i-Nekrasov ephefumlelweyo ayinakunceda kodwa zama ihlanhla. Kwaye njengabaninzi ngaphambi kwakhe, wafumana ukungavumi okukhulu. Umculi othandweni wanciphisa ubunzima obomi, nangona kunjalo, unokumiswa.

Kunye!

Kodwa ngokusobala wayefuna ukuba imbongi kunye ne-museum yayo ibe kunye. Emva kweminyaka emine, uNekrasov wavuma kwakhona iimvakalelo zakhe, kodwa ngoku u-Avdotya wamphendula ngobubele. Yiyo indlela i-Nekrasov yokuthanda ngayo isandi - "Umjikelezo wePanaevsky." U-Nikolai no-Avdotya bangena emtshatweni womtshato, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo-bahlala kwindlu yePanayev, ngaphezu koko, u-Ivan Panayev wayebambe iqhaza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-union "- Cupid de Trois", ephindaphindiweyo emva kweenkulungwane emva kweMayakovsky kunye noBrik.

Ngo-1849, oko kukuthi, iminyaka emithathu kamva, izibulo likaNekrasov noPanayeva zivele. Ngelishwa, le nkwenkwe yayingekho injongo yokuhlala ixesha elide. Kodwa kule nkqubo enzima uNekrasov udala "umjikelezo wePanaevsky" - uluhlu lwemibongo ebonisa uthando lwakhe lonke lo mfazi onamandla ngokungaqhelekanga.

Contemporary

Ngo-1848, "Contemporary" - ingqondo ye-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, owadlulayo ngenxa yokuncipha kwakhe kwi-Nekrasov - wayenenkathazo enkulu. Ukulawulwa kocingo akuzange kuphoswe isixa esikhulu sempahla, kwakungekho nto yokukhangela umfundi. Ukubuyiselwa kwiphephancwadi elidumileyo kunye nombongi wenziwa kunye no-Avdotya. Uncedise ukulungisa imisebenzi eyayifanele ifake ukushicilelwa, unikezele ngamanani amabali akhe ukuba ashicilelwe. Oko sele sele kukwahlulelwa ukuba u-Nekrasov wanikezela "umjikelezo wePanaevsky" (uluhlu lweengkondlo ngokuthandana) alukho ngengozi kuye. Eli bhinqa lalifanelwe ukunyangwa okunjalo.

Ulwalamano olubi

Iingoma zothando lukaNekrasov - "Umjikelezo wePanaevsky" - le yincwadi yenene, echaza ibali lonke lembongo yothando kunye neyam olondolozo lwakhe, ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Babonakala beyidalwe omnye komnye, kodwa abazange baphile ngokuthula. Ukuphikisana okuqhubekayo kunye neengxabano, ama-scandal angapheliyo, ukufa komntwana osisigxina kakhulu kwimpilo kaNekrasov - konke oku akunakuncedisa kwintsapho yolonwabo. UPanaev noNekrasov bahlala behlukana baze bahlangana kwakhona. Ngethuba lokulondeka, umbongi wachaza imibongo emitsha kunye ntsha kwiimyuziyamu yakhe, phakathi kwayo, umzekelo, "Umnqamlezo omkhulu" waya kwesabelo sakhe kunye nabanye abaninzi. Emva koko uPanayeva waphindela, kwaye kwakhona iiveki zaqala, zazaliswa ngokubambisana kunye noluthando olunzulu.

Enye yeengxabano ezinzulu zenzeke phakathi kwama-50, kodwa kungekudala uAvotya wayesehamba kunye nomlobi eYurophu, apho wayefuna iindlela zokunyanga kwesinye sezifo zakhe. Umntu oyisiphukuphuku, wabhala wathi: "Siyiziphukuphuku kunye nani," andifuni ukucaphukisa loo mfazi wayenomdla kwaye wayidumisa kwimibongo yakhe.

Gqibela

"Ixesha elide lilahliwe nguwe" - enye yeengoma zokugqibela zomjikelezo. Inxalenye yokuqala yebali lePanayeva neNekrasov iphelile ekuqaleni kwee-60ties - malunga neminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva. Enyanisweni, bahamba kakhulu, kodwa kwiminyaka yamuva, imbongi, ukugula ngenxa yesifo somqala, ngokugqithiseleyo yawela ekudakaleni okukhulu kwaye yachitha ixesha kwikheyibhile yamakhadi. U-Avdotya walahlekelwa ngabantwana bakhe kumfazi wakhe wokuqala, naseNekrasov, kwaye kungekudala u-Ivan Panayev wasweleka, owayesenabo ixesha elide. Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukutshintsha ixesha elinjalo.

Omnye u-Nikolai Nekrasov wabhala wathi, "Uhlala ulungelelanisekile," ngoku uvele ekhulelwe ngumsindo kwaye akhathele, ngamanye amaxesha angabonakali. Ngomgca ngamnye weengoma zanda ngakumbi kwaye zithemba, amazwi acaciswe ngolu hlobo. Yonke into iphelile ngo-1863, xa u-Avdotya Panayeva eshiya imbongi ngelokugqibela naphakade.

Ngaphandle kwayo

Emva kwexesha uNekhrasov wadibana nomfazi ongumFrentshi owadlala kwi-Russian Mikhailovsky Theatre. Ukukhanya kunye nokungakhathali, njengegulaneli, umdlali we-actress waphenduka intloko yenkondlo ephukile. Kubonakala ukuba yile nto eyenza kube lula kuye ukuba asinde ukuhlukana noPanayeva. Kodwa olu lwalamano aluzange luhlale ixesha elide. Ngelinye ilanga umdlali wecala wathi akazimisele ukufudukela eRashiya, kanti umbongi wayengathandi ukuhlala phesheya.

Emva koko wadibana noVekla Anisimovna, intombazana elula elalihlala eGalatea. Emva kokumnika igama elitsha (uZinaida Ivanovna), wamfundisa isiseko sobulumko, wabonisa indlela yokunamathela kubantu, wahamba naye naphi na apho wayenako, ukuze intombazana engafundile ifanele isetyenziswe kweli hlabathi elitsha ngokukhawuleza. Umlobi wayenomusa kubo bonke abakhethiweyo bakhe: wabancedisa ngemali, wazama ngandlela-thile ukugcina ubudlelwano bobuhlobo. Kodwa ke, ungayikhohlwa into yokuba imbongo ethi "Ele Elegies", efana negama, wazinikela ngokucacileyo kuPanayeva, kungekhona kumnye umntu.

Ngaphandle kwayo

Emva kokufa komfazi wakhe wokuqala kwaye aphule nomlobi u-Avdotya watshata kwakhona. Kodwa ke, wayengenakulungele ukufumana ulonwabo kulo mbandela - unyulo olutsha luye lwaba lifanayo nePanayev. Ngalo mtshato wazala intombi, ngokupheleleyo waza wangena ekukhuliseni kwakhe, waza umyeni washiya enye ihlabathi, washiya lowo owayengumnye uPanayev ngaphandle kwendlela yokutya. Kuyaziwa ukuba u-Avdotya ufumene isiqwenga sesonka ngokubhala amabali, kodwa wayefanele ahambe kakhulu, kakhulu-into enxulumene noNekrasov isashiya indawo emnyama ekudumeni kwayo.

Ukucwaninga

Kunzima kakhulu ukuphikisa ukuba ngubani owaphatha kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaba uNekrasov ubhala "Umjikelezo wePanaevsky" (uluhlu lwemibongo ehlanganiswe nothando kunye nokudumisa) omnye umfazi? Ngaba unokukwazi ukuqonda njengombongi ngaphandle kokuxhasa rhoqo umlobi onetyala?

Ngenxa ka-Avdotya, naye waphikisana noTurgenev, owayenoluphi uhlobo lweengxabano kunye noPanaev, noTolstoy no-Ostrovsky, nangona kwimiba emibini yokugqibela, inzondo edlalwa yintando yesininzi ibambe indima ebalulekileyo, engazange yamukelwe ngelo xesha. Kodwa inkondlo ethi "Ele Elegies", ebonisa ngokugqithisileyo inani labasetyhini abaye bazama ukwakha ubudlelwane, wazinikela ngokucacileyo kwiPanayeva. Abanye abaphandi bathi u-Nekrasov wamthanda ubomi bakhe bonke. Masithi "umnqamlezo omkhulu waya kuye", kodwa bamthwala ndawonye.