UDerzhavin G. R. Ubomi beembongi: eziphambili

Kwimbali yeencwadi zaseRashiya, umbhali wokuqala owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke ngexesha lakhe lobomi wayenguDerzhavin G. R. Ubomi bakhe nobugcisa bakhe baziwa eYurophu ngenxa yokugqoka kokomoya "uThixo." Kubhaliwe ngumlobi ngexesha lokukhanya okuphezulu.

Abantwana nolutsha lomlobi

I-Biography Derzhavin mfutshane, ngokuqinisekileyo, inokubonisa kuphela ixesha elibalulekileyo lobomi bakhe. Ekukhanyeni kweGavrila kwavela ngoJulayi 1743 kwidolophana yaseKarmachi, ephondo laseKazan.

Abazali bakhe bevela kwintsapho ehloniphekileyo, kodwa ngubani ongenayo imali eninzi. Uyise wathatha umfazi ongumntwana uFekla Andreevna Gorin. UGavril wayengumntwana wabo wokuqala. Xa uneminyaka engama-7, le nkwenkwe yathunyelwa ekufundeni ipensheni yangasese yaseJamani yaseJamani. Wahlala khona iminyaka engama-4. Ngo-1754 intloko yentsapho yafa. Umhlolokazi wahlala kunye nabantwana abathathu ezandleni zakhe kwaye wayenanto yokuhlawula iindleko zomyeni wakhe. Abamelwane, basebenzise ukungenakunceda kwakhe, nabo bawathabatha loo mazwe ayengowaseDerzhavin. Kodwa ke wakwazi ukuchonga oonyana kwi-gymnasium, eyayisanda kuvulwa eKazzan. UGavril wabonisa ubuchule obunjalo kangangokuba umlawuli wezemidlalo wayethetha naye kwintlanganiso kunye noShuvalov, oyintandokazi ye-Impress Elizabeth Petrovna. I-Count ngokukhawuleza yalela ukuba, kunye nabanye abahloniphekileyo, umqhubi we-Engineering Corps naye wabhalwa ngo- Derzhavin G. R. Ubomi bakhe bungqina ngenye indlela. Le nkwenkwe yayisesizathu esithile esichazwe kwinqanaba le- Preobrazhensky njengegosa eliqhelekileyo kunye nefayile, kwaye ngo-1762 yabizwa ukuba isebenze eSt. Petersburg. Emajoni uGavrila Romanovich wahlala iminyaka eli-10. Wayebone izinto ezininzi kwiminyaka. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho ukutshutshiswa kombuso, amandla ashintshile: endaweni yokubulawa kukaPeter III, uCatherine Catherine waqala ukulawula. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba usuku lwaluhamba njani uDerzhavin, ebusuku wafunda iincwadi ezikhoyo kwaye wabhala izibongo.

Ukuyeka emsebenzini. Umtshato wesibongo

Ngowe-1772 kuphela i-Derzhavin GR yafumana i-biography phambi kwayo kwaye ngoko kwakungekho lula ukuba ekugqibeleni waphakanyiswa kwigosa elingenakugunyazwa kwaye wahanjiswa kwiindawo zokungcebeleka. Kulapho waba ngumlutha wokudlala amakhadi. Icala lolwaphulo-mthetho elibhekiswe kuye lahlala iminyaka eyi-12, ngoko akuzange kuphele apho. Iingoma zakhe, iinkondlo kunye nee-odes zaqala ukupapashwa ngo-1773. Kwiminyaka emithathu wayekho emkhosini we-General Bibikov, owazama ukunqanda ukuvuswa kuka-E. Pugachev. Ngethuba lakhe elithile, uDerzhavin waqhubeka ebhala. Ngalindelekanga, oogunyaziwe bathumela iGavril Romanovich ngenxa yemvelo yakhe yokuyeka emsebenzini. Kungekudala wathola umphathi othintekayo. Baba yiNkosana iVyazemsky. Uncedise uDerzhavin ukuba abe nesimo kwiSenate. Nangona kunjalo, imbongi leyo yaqonda ukuba apho kungekho nyaniso, ayikwazi ukusebenza. Ngo-1778, uGavrila Romanovich wanquma ukutshata. Okhethiweyo ngu-Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon oneminyaka eyi-18 ubudala. Ngelo xesha, imbongi yangena kwisangqa sokubhala. Waphenduka wabhala izibongo zomoya.

Ukukhuselwa kukaCatherine

Ukubonakala kwe "Ode to Felice" kwazisa uMmpress kwiimfesane. Ngombulelo, wakhetha imbongi yokuqala u-Olonetsky, kunye neGurus Tambov. Lapha wakhupha ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi omhle. E-Tambov yavula inkundla yemidlalo, intandane, isikolo, ikhaya labantu. UGavrila Romanovich njengoko wayenakho nge-bureaucracy nokungabi nabulungisa. Oku akuzange kumkholise abaphathi baseSt. Petersburg, bamkhalazela kuye. UCatherine wacinga ukuba kuya kuba yithembeke ngakumbi ukugcina imbongi kunye naye kwaye angabibibi nayiphi na ishishini kuye. Ngokwenza umyalelo wakhe, uDerzhavin wafika kwikomkhulu waza wachitha iminyaka engaphezu kwe-2 ehlala apho kungekho nto. Kuphela ngo-1791 uCatherine wamnika isikhundla: UDerzhavin, G.R. waba ngumobhala wakhe ngokwakhe kwizikhalo. Ubomi bakhe buguqukile kakhulu ukususela ngelo xesha. Ngomnyaka we-1793 uDerzhavin waba ngu-senator, kwaye kamva umongameli wekholeji yezorhwebo. Isibongo sazizityebi kwaye sakwazi ukuzithengela indlu kwi-Fontanka. Ngaloo nyaka, umfazi wakhe wokuqala wafa. Kungekudala uGavrila Romanovich watshata kwakhona, ngoku kumhlobo womntu ofileyo - uDaria Dyakova.

Ukuqeshwa okutsha

Ngomnyaka we-1796, emva kokufa kwe-empress, uPawulos ndachaza imbongi njengombusi weBhunga. Ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe, uDerzhavin G.R akazange ahlale apho ixesha elide. Kodwa-ke, ingqungquthela yakhe ayizange ihlupheke kakhulu: kwafuneka abhale i-ode eyancomekayo kumlawuli, njengoko waphinde wafumana amanani amaninzi aphakamileyo ngokulandelana. Xa umbusi waba nguAlexander I, wanika uDerzhavin isikhundla soPhathiswa wezoBulungisa. Enyanisweni, uGavrila Romanovich akazange ahlale esi sikhundla ixesha elide, kuba, ngokomlawuli, "wayenentshiseko".

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bukaDerzhavin

Ngo-1809, imbongi leyo yagqitywa ekugqibeleni kuzo zonke iimeko. Wayehlala kuloo ndawo, ngoko ePetersburg. UDerzhavin wayenalo iindlalifa. Wayebandakanyeka ekukhuliseni abantwana bomhlobo wakhe oshonile. Uyakuthanda ukumkela uGavrila Romanovich kunye nabantu abatsha abaneentente. Kuyaziwa ukuba wavuma iimvavanyo zokuqala zePushkin kunye nezinye iindibongi ezathi zadumile. UGavrila Romanovich wasinda ekuhlaselweni kweNapoleon kunye nokuxoshwa komkhosi wakhe ezweni. Ingqungquthela uDerzhavin yafa, eyayizizalisekile, ehlobo le-1816 kwindawo yakhe. Wangcwatyelwa ebandleni le-nunnery, eliseNoggorod.