Pensions abasebenzi bakarhulumente federal: imiqathango yokwalathelwa, ukubalwa ubukhulu. iintlobo pension

Ngokutsho komthetho we-Russian Federation, iindidi ezithile abemi, ngenxa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo karhulumente, banelungelo lokufumana inkxaso-mali ngoko nangoko emva komhlala-phantsi, ngokungqinelana iziseko ezikhethekileyo. Njengoko umhlala akhutshwa abaqeshwa bakarhulumente federal? ukuba yi na? Njani? Ezi kunye nezinye, kubalulekile ukuba uluntu, imiba iqwalaselwe izinto kweli nqaku.

Ngubani wabhekisela kubasebenzi bakarhulumente federal?

Phambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe imiba eyahlukeneyo umba pension esifanelekileyo ukuchaza iindidi bafunda. Ngenxa yoko, inkamnkam federal abasebenzi bakarhulumente - ukuba omnye, njengoko iintlawulo ezithunyelwa amalungu oluntu ngenxa yobomi babo awusasebenzi ngokukodwa kwizikhundla enxulumene kwinkonzo karhulumente federal. Kubalulekile ukuba ukongeza ukuba ixabiso le hlobo yomhlalaphantsi isekelwe phezu ixesha umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo kwinkonzo karhulumente. Ngenye indlela, le didi kuthiwa amava.

Ukutyunjwa umhlala abasebenzi bakarhulumente federal kwenzeka xa zonke izibakala ukuba ngamazinga kunye nezenzo ezintathu mthetho. Phakathi kwazo kukho imithetho zilandelayo:

• FZ "Kwi kwiNkonzo Civil".
• FZ "Kwi-inshorensi pension."
• Federal uMthetho "Kwi State Pensions".

Ngubani uyacebiswa ukuba libhekisela kubasebenzi yase urhulumente? Ngenxa yoko, phantsi nabasebenzi bakarhulumente federal kufuneka ingqalelo abemi, ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yokuziqhelanisa yobungcali kwi ngentsika inkonzo yoluntu federal kwaye ufumana imali ibhaso imali yebhajethi federal.

Zeziphi iimeko yokubhalwa umhlalaphantsi ngabasebenzi bakarhulumente federal? Kufuneka wazi ukuba ngamnye umqeshwa kwicandelo likarhulumente kuthathwa ukuba ube ngumkhonzi karhulumente. Aba ngabo abenza imisebenzi neyolawulo imperiously. Ukongeza, ezi inkamnkam ukuya federal karhulumente abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye nabaqeshwa abaqeshwe yi namabhunga olawulo kwamandla karhulumente.

Imiqathango pension

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokupheleleyo zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-nkonzo federal zigqitywa izinto ezisisiseko mthetho. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, sithetha uMthetho Federal "Kwi State Pensions" kunye noMthetho Federal "Kwi-Civil Service of the Russian Federation." Zeziphi izinto ezithile ingqalelo yomhlala kuyo didi?

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukukwazi ukunika pension uhlobo yabemi kuvela phantsi kweemeko ezithile kuphela, kuquka ukuqala yokwaluphala, ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa. Njengoko kubonakala, le meko asixhomekeki ukuthanda ngummi. Umhlala-phantsi zisekwa abaqeshwa bakarhulumente federal phambi kwezi zinto zilandelayo ngaxeshanye:

• Amava imo inkonzo federal, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, kufuneka ibe ilingana no okanye inkulu ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu.
• Ukugxothwa yomkhonzi lembambano kufuneka kwenzeke phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Kutheni ke uchithe umkhonzi lembambano? Pensions abakhonzi federal bakarhulumente abaqeshwe emva kokuba ukugxothwa xa unikwe iimeko sikhatshwa enye yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Segama le abasebenzi bakarhulumente karhulumente, okanye ukuphelisa imo koogunyaziwe federal.
• Ukugxothwa kwi-ofisi karhulumente ngenxa ukupheliswa amagunya umntu ngokwakhe.
• Ukufezekiswa abasebenzi bakarhulumente kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi wobungcali ubudala (kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ubude kwenkonzo ukuba umsebenzi civil federal karhulumente ilingana iminyaka elishumi).
• Ukugxothwa komsebenzi karhulumente ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene, nto leyo, phofu, kuba kukho umqobo ekuqhubekekeni kwenkonzo yakhe kwiofisi karhulumente.
• Ukugxothwa okanye umqeshwa karhulumente ngokwabo, isizathu sokuba oko kukuthi, njengokuba umthetho, umhlala-phantsi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ipension federal abakhonzi bakarhulumente baqeshwa kuphela xa le miqathango ilandelayo iyafezekiswa: umntu kufuneka phambi kokuba umhlala ukusebenza kulo okanye kweso sikhundla, ezinxulumene kwinkonzo federal zoluntu, hayi ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezilishumi elinambini. Hi ndlela leyi, le migaqo ayisebenzi wabeka-off ngenxa ekupheliseni kagunyaziwe yoluntu okanye ukudiliza.

Imithetho kumhlalaphantsi ngo-2017

Njani na ekubaleni umhlalaphantsi ngabasebenzi bakarhulumente federal ngo-2017? Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-Russian State Duma 11.05.2016 umthetho wapasiswa ukufunda wesithathu. Ngokuhambelana isiziba esitsha umthetho, ubudala umhlalaphantsi nabasebenzi bakarhulumente landile ukuya kwiminyaka 63 kwabasetyhini kunye iminyaka 65 abantu.

Into enikisa umdla kukuba ukunyusa iminyaka yomhlalaphantsi evela kurhulumente yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngenxa yoko, ukususela ngowe-2017, eli nani lenyuswa laya yi iinyanga ezintandathu nyaka ngamnye. Oku kuya kuqhubeka kude kube eziphumo zokuphela konyaka. Kuthathwa ukuba intsebenzo ubuninzi luya kuqhutywa ngo-2026 ngenxa amadoda, abafazi kuphela ngo-2032. Ukongeza, umhlala-phantsi ngabasebenzi bakarhulumente federal iminyaka yenkonzo kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kwethuba leminyaka engamashumi zomsebenzi (phambi zephetshana elinesihlanu wamiswa). Ziziphi iingenelo lokubona Urhulumente Russian ekukhuliseni yobudala yomhlala-phantsi? Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukugcinwa kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo. Inyaniso kukuba namhlanje ukufumana abo kunzima kakhulu ngenxa kukuhla yonyaka kwamanani abantu eyomeleleyo.
• imali kakhulu yimali.

Owayesakuba Russian Finance UMphathiswa, Alexei Kudrin, uthe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba emva eli ezintsha ekufuneka ilandelwe yi ngokwanda yobudala nghena inshorensi umlinganiswa sendodla kubantu abaqhelekileyo (ngomzuzu ungama-55 no-60 iminyaka). Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba kuthi ga ngoku, akwaziwa malunga nenqanaba ethile ukwanda kunye nomba ngokulinganisa iminyaka yomhlalaphantsi phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi.

Le miba kuxoxwa ngazo urhulumente ixesha elide. Ngenxa yoko, ukwamkelwa manyathelo ngasentla kulindeleke ukuba 2019, okt emva konyulo umongameli ezicwangciselwe ngoMatshi 2018.

Ixabiso ngokoMthetho yomhlalaphantsi

Pensions ukuba abasebenzi bakarhulumente federal namhlanje zisekwa kwinqaku elinesine ezingummiselo Federal "Ngomhla ubonelelo lukarhulumente lwe pension eRashiya" yomhla we-15 Disemba 2001. Ngoko ke, ibhekiswa kwiindidi kwiSiqendu ngabemi kumiselwa isikhokelo indalo kukarhulumente imveliso kwiminyaka malunga nobude inkonzo engama-15, oko kwakunjalo ngo-2016. Kwathi kanti, le ngumcu liye lanyuka ukuya kwiminyaka engama-20 ngowama-2017.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ipension ixhomekeka yintoni imivuzo izisebenzi federal. Ngoko ke, ukubala yepenshoni lwenziwa kwi-mali ka-45 ekhulwini umvuzo avareji yabaqeshwa federal kwinyanga edlulileyo. Ngokwendalo, xa oku kusenzeka kutsalwe inshorensi coverage ngenxa yobudala okanye ukukhubazeka, i esisiseko (fixed) intlawulo kwi-inshorensi (yengqesho) umhlala-phantsi, kunye nezinye izincedisi ukuba zifakelwe ngokungqinelana ne ezingummiselo Federal "Kwi-inshorensi Pensions". Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukwanda ngabaqeshwa bakarhulumente federal lomhlalaphantsi yenziwa ngonyaka ngamnye olandelayo inkonzo ngokumalunga nabasebenzi benkonzo kwi-ofisi yoluntu kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ngepesenti ezintathu.

Njengoko amava ibalwa?

mthetho Federal "kumhlalaphantsi abakhonzi bakarhulumente" ithi ubude benkonzo kwi ofisi loluntu - ukuba omnye, njengoko ixesha elipheleleyo izigaba umsebenzi. Kwenzeka ukuba, kusebenza efanayo apha, kunye neminye imisebenzi, leyo, phofu, zithathelwa ingqalelo ekumiseleni ubuchule indodla abakhonzi bakarhulumente, kwakunye ekubaleni imali yokuhlawula pension.

Umzekelo, kwimeko yesahlulo iinzuzo zomhlala-phantsi ubomi inkonzo elide iqela leminyaka namava ofisi imfuneko uluntu ukuba ibandakanye amanyathelo zemisebenzi yokusebenza kwizithuba zenkonzo karhulumente kunye nezinye izikhundla njengoko kuchaziwe nguMongameli of Russia. Umzekelo, irenki udidi lwe federal umkhonzi civil karhulumente.

Ukuba ukuzimisela ye pension benefit enikezelwa ezingummiselo Federal "kwilungiselelo imo pension abemi", kufuneka amava emsebenzini ixesha elithile kulo, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, kubandakanya amanqanaba yabasebenzi, kwakunye nezinye luncedo iindidi ezithile kuluntu kunye noluntu umsebenzi uphela, leyo zibalwa kwi-inshorensi umlinganiswa amava. Le yokugqibela efunekayo ukuze ipension enikezelwa ezingummiselo Federal "Kwi-inshorensi pension."

Ukubalwa yomhlalaphantsi

Zonke iindidi pension afakwa umyalelo ofanelekileyo zezulu calculation kubasebenzi benkonzo karhulumente federal iminyaka yenkonzo. Le nkqubo ebekwe yi ezingummiselo Federal "On Pensions State eRashiya." Ngenxa yoko, ifomula ulungelelene ngumthetho, imiselwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: R = (45% WS - PO) + 3% WS × Cm. Uqulathe eyona parameters zilandelayo:

• P - imali ethile neentlawulo ipension imveliso inani leminyaka.
• NW - avareji umvuzo.
• SP - imali ethile coverage inshorensi ngokunxibelelene ebudaleni (yokukhubazeka), kwakunye intlawulo yepension elimisiweyo.
• Art - amava emsebenzini ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba imali iyonke ye Pension kunye ne-inshorensi pension ngokunxulumene ebudaleni (yokukhubazeka), iintlawulo esisigxina kwi pension kunye neendyebo zalo ayikwazi ngaphezulu 75 pesenti lwemivuzo enyangeni leyo ixabiso avareji ngokunxulumene sisicaka yoluntu. Esi sibonelelo ichazwe kwiSiqendu ezingamashumi amabini ananye isenzo lowiso federal phantsi inani 166. Ukuze kugqitywa nge: xa iminyaka Kwanele ukuba onyule inzuzo yomhlalaphantsi karhulumente, oku kubalwa ngokususela elingu kule nyanga zokugqibela ezilishumi elinambini yenkonzo.

Umzekelo yokubala

Ngokomzekelo, omnye ummi ozibandakanye kumsebenzi zabasebenzi kwizithuba yase umsebenzi. Ngo-Epreli 2015 wamisa Iintlawulo ze-inshorensi (abasebenzi) ipenshini ngokunxulumene kuqala yokwaluphala. lingakanani - 7197 engange. Iminyaka yenkonzo ngexesha elifanayo ilingana ukuya kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithandathu. I-avareji somvuzo kwesicwangciso ungummi ngokubhekiselele mali yenyanga ku-16 706 engange. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ixabiso inzuzo yomhlalaphantsi karhulumente iminyaka zemveliso ukuba athembele umsebenzi.

Ngenxa yoko, imali yenkxaso karhulumente ka imo abasebenzi federal ilingana 45 ekhulwini kumvuzo wenyanga kwimeko ubude yenkonzo elingekho ngaphantsi kweshumi elinesihlanu leminyaka. Ukongeza, eli nani lenyuswa laya ngepesenti ezintathu kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe kunyaka ngamnye yengqesho, nto leyo ngaphezu kuyimfuneko, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe-75 ekhulwini. Ngoko ke:

• Inani iminyaka epheleleyo yomsebenzi ngaphezu norm: CT = 26-15 = 11.
• umvuzo Umlinganiselo: NE = 16.706.
• Ixabiso le-inshorensi (abasebenzi) Intlawulo yomhlalaphantsi: DP = 7197.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba zibale ixabiso umhlalaphantsi imeko kwisizukulwana iminyaka ummi ethile echazwe elandulela kwizahluko ifomula: P = (0,45 × 16706 - 7197) + 0,03 × 16706 × 11 = 5833.68. Ngenxa yoko, umkhonzi yoluntu enjalo abaqeshwe iintlawulo pension yenyanga-mali kurhulumente federal-mali ka-5833, 68 engange.

ukonyuswa kwemali yomhlala Umbuzo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindidi ezithile abemi evela kurhulumente ithuba ukunikezelwa pension ngokunxulumene nokuqalisa kukwaluphala ngaphambi kwexesha. Aba bantu abahlala Far North kunye neendawo kubalwe le North, kwakunye njengabemi, wenziwe umsebenzi ngaphambili kwimimandla umelwe. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukongeza ukuba ngokumalunga aba bantu ziya kuba ukwanda intlawulo yepension amisiweyo, ngaphandle ekukhonzeni inshorensi zepenshini ngokungqinelana izinto Russian osekwe zommandla uRhulumente, kuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuhlala (kwi lonke elililo ixesha lokuhlala kwingingqi).

Kwimeko yokuba ngummi iindawo lokuhamba alandelayo ixabiso indawo zikarhulumente ezahlukeneyo ukunika uphawu umhlala-phantsi ibalwa ngaphandle accounting ingumlingani.

Indexation ye pension

Imali yomhlalaphantsi zoMqulu abasebenzi bakarhulumente federal kwiimeko ezizodwa. Umzekelo, kwethenda inkamnkam urhulumente iminyaka yenkonzo, uguqulo ixabiso layo, kwaye utshintsho ukusuka kwenye uhlobo lwe pension ukuya kwenye kwenziwa ngokungqinelana nesicelo ngummi. Ezi imisebenzi yenziwa ngokuxhomekeke ngexesha emva kokuvela kunokwenzeka ukuba iqalise le nkqubo. Ngaphandle kweli tyala kuphela inzuzo yomhlalaphantsi zasekuhlaleni imeko yokukhubazeka. Ngoko ke, ukubala ubungakanani mali karhulumente ngokunxulumene ubude inkonzo kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukutshintsha ubungakanani yengqesho (insurance) endala-ubudala neenzuzo (yokukhubazeka).
• Ukwandisa ixesha elide nkonzo.
• Ndawonye nokwandisa imivuzo yabakhonzi yoluntu ngokwenkqubo-mali.

Kwezinye iimeko, kukho imveliso utshintsho zenye kwenye isibonelelo ngokungqinelana pension karhulumente. Ukongeza, iintlawulo ezithunyelwa yomhlalaphantsi likarhulumente obude indexed amanqanaba ukwanda ezisembindini yabakhonzi federal yoluntu ngokwenkqubo ngokwemali ngendlela emiselweyo nguRhulumente.

Iintlobo pension kunye nelungelo lokufumana kubo

Kwathi kanti, namhlanje ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• Aphezulu emsebenzini.
• Lokukhubazeka.
• yobudala Old.
• yepenshoni Social.

Ngubani sinikezwe ilungelo lokufumana ingqalelo kwi pension kwinqaku didi? abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye 15.5 iminyaka ukuxatyiswa (new 2017), nto leyo zisekwa inzuzo yomhlalaphantsi karhulumente iminyaka yenkonzo, xa isicelo sakhe kunye engama ethile banelungelo lokufumana isabelo-inshorensi (yengqesho) endala-ubudala pension, eyasekwa ukuba iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi kuba imveliso, esekelwe kwinkqubo lilonke ngokulinganayo pension uhlobo ngamnye elingekho ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 zomsebenzi emva yokufumanisa mali ngokunxulumene lokufundiswa iminyaka.

Siye okhankanywe ngaphambili ukuba emva kokusekwa komthetho omtsha ukususela 2017 ukuya ukunika izibonelelo zomhlala-phantsi kodidi amadoda yobudala kufuneka ube neminyaka 60,5 kunye nabafazi - iminyaka 55.5. I-inshorensi (abasebenzi) ubude nkonzo iquka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Amaxesha Ixesha zengqesho, ezinikezelwa yi kwinqaku elinanye umthetho "Kwi-inshorensi Pensions".
• Oku kuquka neyomsebenzi kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kubalwa ubude kwenkonzo ukwenzela ukunikezelwa-mali ethile kule minyaka nemveliso nqaku elinethoba i ezingummiselo Federal ukusuka 15.12.2001 "On Pensions State Russian Federation."
• Amanqanaba omsebenzi okwabangela ukuba ukuqeshwa inshorensi (abasebenzi) iminyaka yomhlalaphantsi, elathi laseka intlawulo inkonzo elide.

Umba ubhaliso yomhlalaphantsi

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-Russian Federation, ummi elisikiweyo unelungelo lokwenza isicelo ukuqeshwa (nokunikwa) ngeentlawulo zomhlalaphantsi ngoko nangoko emva kokuvela ilungelo kubo. Ingxelo malunga nokunikwa pension kufuneka zingeniswe kwi-Centre Multipurpose okanye Pension Fund ka Russian Federation. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukongeza ukuba xwebhu zingeniswe ngendlela ezimeleyo, kwakunye ngeposi okanye ummeli osemthethweni. Ngendlela, xa kwimeko transfer ngeposi imini isicelo iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi ngumhla kwi elephantobraz imi ngqo indawo lokunduluka. Lesimangalo ipension, kunjalo, oko kuthunyelwa kwisebe abasebenzi kwindawo umsebenzi ngummi. Ukongeza, uSihlalo weBhodi ye Fund kulo mzekelo, kubonakala igama kumamkeli.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ixesha ingqalelo kwezicelo Iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi aliyi kuba ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezilishumi emva komhla wokungeniswa kwesicelo okanye amaxwebhu angekhoyo kunikwa amagunya karhulumente emva kokongamela ngasentla.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba intlawulo ngokungqinelana yomhlala karhulumente olubekwe ngomhla woku-1 kwinyanga apho ummi wacela, kodwa ngaphambi imini xa kukho ilungelo lokufumana kuyo. Ukuseka pension benefit kwiminyaka imveliso kufuneka sibe nala maxwebhu alandelayo:

• Yokundwendwela (uxwebhu lwentsusa kunye nekopi).
• FAQ malunga ixabiso sisicaka karhulumente kwinyanga edlulileyo yingeniso avareji.
• FAQ malunga kwindawo ethile ngummi kwisithuba kukarhulumente.
• FAQ malunga nokuqeshwa endala-yobudala yabasebenzi yomhlalaphantsi (yokukhubazeka), apho kukho imali ethile uboniswe.
• Ikopi yengxelo bengqesho isicaka yoluntu.
• Ikopi komyalelo kwi ekugxothweni imo abasebenzi yase.
• Ikopi sekhadi.