ngonyaka ngamnye, uphuhliso lorhwebo insurance eRashiya ikhula. Oku akumangalisi, kuba inshorensi phantse kuphela kwendlela ukuxhasa ngemali bona kunye neentsapho zabo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Enye iifom uthandwayo inkxaso enjalo - inshorensi yengozi.

ngezinto zezindlu zooyise

Olu hlobo inshorensi simile kakhulu kakhulu, kodwa ke ukuba akunjalo kakhulu elintyumpantyumpeka kwimbali, sinokuthi ukubonakala kwayo edibene imfuneko yomthetho emanzini Visby, ibhalwe 1541 e-UK. Ithi ukuba umnini yenqanawa kwezakha zakho, yokuqesha iqela unyanzelekile ukuba inshorensi ubomi kunye nempilo womthetheli ziingozi kunokwenzeka.

Sele kwinkulungwane XVII, isikali eyodwa amajoni-amavolontiya iye yaphuhliswa eNetherlands, ngako leyo banelungelo iindidi imbuyekezo yemali kuxhomekeke kubungakanani yokwenzakala. Xa XVIII kunye XIX iinkulungwane, i-inshorensi yengozi nako kwandile eJamani eNgilani, apho waqalisa ukwenza babizwa ngokuba unxulumano zoncedo efanayo.

In Russia olu hlobo lwe-inshorensi abamini iya kufika ngexesha ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, kunye nokwamkelwa ngo-1903 lo mthetho, nto leyo eqinisekiswe abasebenzi ushishino lwemigodi abaqeshwa mveliso ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye namalungu eentsapho zabo bafumana imali imbuyekezo xa ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa emsebenzini. Kangangexesha elide, i-inshorensi yengozi yinxalenye inshorensi yobomi kwaye kuphela kwexesha, emva phantse kwiminyaka elikhulu, waba elizimeleyo.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi inshorensi ingozi, kodwa zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini ezibanzi: mandatory (aqinisekiswe ngumthetho) inshorensi kwiindidi ezithile lwabemi ngokuzithandela - equka ukufumana imvumelwano kwiimeko okusoloko kuyinzuzo. Kwimeko yokuqala, intlawulo zezivumelwano ibamba kwingxowa-inshorensi iingozi, kwaye neengozi zemali yesibini kuthatha kwi kwinkampani ye-inshorensi. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, into inshorensi izinto impahla yabemi ezinxulumene ukukhubazeka, ukwenzakala okanye ukufa kwingozi.

Ingozi nga kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko apho iziphumo bangaphandle umzimba oKhuselwe ngeInshorensi ngequbuliso engalindelekanga kunye. Iqhosha apha element ngumothuko, ngokungathi loo mntu uyazi uhlaselo nesohlwayo yaye akuzange kumthintele kuzo, ingakumbi intlawulo inshorensi wokhanyelwa. Umzekelo, ukuba Ukuskiya, Wakhutshwa kwelitye uqhekeza umlenze, bekuya kuba ingozi, kodwa xa oshe emva kokuchitha iiyure ezimbalwa elunxwemeni - yiloo ingxaki yakho, kuba wena uyazazi iziphumo kusenokwenzeka, kwakunye nanini na ukuba ayeke neziphumo umonakalo.

ubukhulu of icala

Ekubeni iimeko inshorensi ezicaciswe gca kule mvumelwano, isixa ubutyala akuthethi kufumana yokwenzakala emzimbeni ngenxa yempembelelo ebezingaziwa lwangaphandle, ezizezi ingozi-inshorensi, loo nto kanye ebekiweyo isivumelwano. Ukwahluka ngemiphumo kwiimeko ezinjalo zingahlulwa ngokweendidi 3 ezibanzi:

• Ukukhubazeka okwethutyana;
• buso okanye ukukhubazeka lilonke;
• ukufa.

Zonke ezi ziphumo zenza inshorensi kwaye zifakiwe kwisivumelwano kunye ngokwahlukileyo (umzekelo, iintlawulo zenziwa kuphela xa kufunyenwe lokukhubazeka) okanye nendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo.

inshorensi esisinyanzelo Russian Federation

Kuba ezinye iindidi abemi Russian, kuxhomekeke ububanzi bomsebenzi, yokubonelela i-inshorensi yoluntu nxamnye iingozi, kulawulwa inani Federal uMthetho 125 yomhla July 24, 1998. Action olu hlobo lwe-inshorensi kuphela kwiimeko yempilo enkenenkene ezinxulumene nomenzakalo kunye nokwenzakala ngqo emsebenzini okanye ngaphandle kwishishini, kodwa ngexesha leeyure zomsebenzi (kwaye kwakhona endleleni eya emsebenzini kunye nekhaya). Le peculiarity yale hlobo inshorensi kukuba uvelisa iintlawulo ngumqeshi kuphela.

Kutshanje, i -inshorensi enyanzelekileyo kungaquka inshorensi yezempilo abakhweli usebenzisa iinkonzo zonke iintlobo amanzi, umoya kunye nezithuthi komhlaba. Kangangethuba elide inshorensi loo indawo imfuneko inkampani yeinshorensi liability.

inshorensi Special imfazwe

Olu hlobo inshorensi esisinyanzelo uyabakhusela abemi bawo umsebenzi yobuchule enxulumene ekuqaleni ne umngcipheko ebomini. Bona abaqeshwa Ministry of kwiimeko zongxamiseko, abasebenzi zomkhosi, abasebenzi nokuhlangula, abasebenzi yoMphathiswa Interior kunye neenkqubo yenkundla kunye nerhafu, kunye nabanye. umngcipheko network Financial-inshorensi loo ibonelelwa ngokubhekiselela mali federal.

Ngoko ke, yintoni kuqinisekisa inshorensi emkhosini nxamnye iingozi (Federal uMthetho № 52 yomhla 28.03.1998):

• yokwenzakala emzimbeni, - imivuzo 5;
• e yokulimala (trauma, ukwenzakala) - 10 umvuzo;
• yokwenzakala emzimbeni (kukwenzakala) oko kwabangela kuqala qela yokukhubazeka III. - 25 imivuzo;
• ukuqeshwa bokukhubazeka Group II. - 50 imivuzo;
• yokukhubazeka I t. - 75 imivuzo yenyanga;
• yokwenzakala emzimbeni, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni zeinshorensi, uqinisekisa imivuzo-25 wenyanga umxhamli ngamnye.

Podstrahuemsya phambili

Ukuba sele uqhele ukuba ukuthatha unonophelo bona kunye nabo babathandayo ngokwazo, uya kuthetha kwesibophelelo inshorensi ziingozi, waqukumbela ngokuzithandela. Eyona iphambili yale mvumelwano kukuba uyakwazi ukukhetha uluhlu imingcipheko ofuna-inshorensi, kwakunye mali kunye yexesha le-inshorensi.

Of ukukhethayo yakhupha umyalelo womgaqo iintsuku ezimbalwa (umzekelo, ukuba baza ezintabeni) okanye khetha ababhalisele ngokupheleleyo yonke imingcipheko bakho imini nobusuku iminyaka eliqela - konke oku kuxhomekeke igalelo elikhulu kangakanani ungakwazi ukuhlawula.

Zonke market inshorensi ngokuzithandela zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela-2 - ngamnye kunye noninzi. Yintoni umahluko?

Wonke Man ngokuba yena

Individual inshorensi yengozi kubandakanya isivumelwano kunye nabantu bendalo, kunye nesenzo yayo kulo mzekelo kuquka ukona zeinshorensi kunye namalungu entsapho yakhe (kwimeko yokufa inshorensi). Kusenokuba ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga.

Kwimeko yokuqala sesiqinisekiso contract isebenza kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi ye-inshorensi (kokubini yabucala nobungcali) kuyo yonke impilo kwekhontrakthi. Kwimeko-inshorensi buso, ungakhetha ixesha elithile ebomini bakho: ngeholide yakho okanye i uhambo ishishini, ixesha kwezemidlalo njalo njalo.

Kwakhona inshorensi ingozi ukuze kufakwa ngaphezulu kwiphakheji, ngokubonelela uluhlu ngakumbi olubanzi lweenkonzo.

inshorensi group

Zithandwa kakhulu namhlanje yaye sele inshorensi ngokuhlangeneyo yabasebenzi nxamnye ziingozi, ukhetho enjalo ngoku kunikela ngaphandle iphakheji zentlalo, iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu. Le peculiarity yale hlobo inshorensi ukuba zeinshorensi kule meko umqeshi kunye beneficiary - uMntu oKhuselwe ngeInshorensi okanye amalungu entsapho yakhe.

Kwiminyaka engaphambili, i-inshorensi ezihlangeneyo Russian Federation iye kakhulu kwemidlalo ngenxa awohluke lomthetho kwindawo irhafu, leyo waqinisekisa amathuba imbuyekezo zonke iipremiyamu , kunye nonyango irhafu preferential kwentlawulo-inshorensi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, urhulumente irhafu kule ndawo uqinisa ngamandla, ukwenza inshorensi ezidityanelweyo kangako nomtsalane kubaqeshi.

Yintoni kuba sisiganeko esahlukileyo-inshorensi

Ekubeni iintlawulo phantsi kwe-inshorensi yengozi contract wenza ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye emva kokuvela isiganeko esithile umi ndaweni-nye kuhlala phezu yintoni na icala inshorensi. Ezo ziganeko eyaziwayo, kumiselwe kwisivumelwano yaye kwenzeka kwixesha lokuba semthethweni wayo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni uMntu oKhuselwe ngeInshorensi okanye ukulahleka kwenxalenye okanye epheleleyo nako kwabo ukusebenza.

Ezi ziquka:

• ukulimala (ukwenzakala) afunyenwe ngenxa yengozi;
• ityhefu ngabom kwezinto imichiza, izityalo eziyityhefu, iziyobisi, ukutya mgangathweni (ngaphandle izifo ezinobungozi - segazi, salmonellosis, etc ...);
• Ukugula ngesiquphe sepoliyo, phawula-ephethwe kobuchopho;
• pregnancy okanye zokubeleka ngezifo ezakhokelela ukususwa izibilini esini (amaqanda, wesibeleko, tubes);
• komsipha, iintanda, ukutsha, umothuko neenyembezi ngamalungu lwangaphakathi eziye zenzeka ngengozi, kwakunye namatyala wokufuduswa amalungu ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo zonyango eziphosakeleyo;
• iimeko nangengozi namaqumrhu angaphandle wokuphefumla phecana, Njengokungeniswa anaphylactic, ukumka namanzi;
• emzimbeni, nto leyo ibange imiphumo ebuhlungu (ngaphandle ukufa ukusuka ebandayo);
• ngokufa inshorensi ezi zizathu zichazwe ngasentla yenzekile ngexesha lesivumelwano.

Yintoni inshorensi musa ukunika

Kukho kwakhona uluhlu lweziganeko, kukuvela ongayi kuthathwa isiganeko inshorensi:

• ukuba ukwenzakala (trauma) ziye zafunyanwa yi-inshorensi ngexesha sokugunyaziswa ezingekho;
• xa olimele amagalelo ngabom yi-inshorensi ngokwayo;
• ityhefu okanye ukwenzakala zifunyenwe ngenxa seenzame ukuzibulala;
• Ukuba ukwenzakala, umothuko kunye nomenzakalo zifunyenwe ngokulawula nasiphi na isithuthi ichiza, ityhefu okanye utywala, njengoko kunjalo kwimeko transfer yokulawula omnye umntu ekuloo meko;
• xa iziphumo ezibi umzimba kwenzeka ngenxa amanyathelo othintelo, ukuxilongwa okanye iinkqubo zokunyangwa lwenzelwa kulinyathelo zeinshorensi kwaye enxulumene unyango kwesi sifo zaveliswa ngenxa isiganeko inshorensi;
• ukufa ngenxa yezi zizathu zilapha ngentla.

Kangakanani kubiza

Enye yeengxaki ezibalulekileyo inkxalabo kubemi abanqwenela ukukhusela ngakumbi ubomi babo kunye nezempilo, ngumba wokuba ingakanani na-inshorensi iingozi. Okukhwela apha zixhomekeke ngqo kwi kuluhlu amabango inshorensi eyenziwe kwisivumelwano kunye nomntu insurer. Amaqondo kakhulu ngokubanzi - ukusuka 0,10%, ukuba inshorensi kuphela ingozi yokufa, ukuya kwi 12-15% ngenxa spectrum ezibanzi nkqubo.

Xa isixa-mali i-insurance premium zingachaphazela:

• ngesondo kunye nobudala ngeinshorensi - kukholelwa ukuba abantu babe ingozi ephezulu yokwenzakala, yaye abemi ubudala phambili ngakumbi ngokubanzi bemathidala-inshorensi;
• yokuphila - ukuthanda iintlobo kakhulu ukuphumla okanye umthambo, lu dityanisiwe banda ebuhlungu;
• wobugcisa - yintoni kuyingozi ngakumbi, kungona lweerhafu;
• imo yempilo ye client - xa sigula zizigulo ezinzulu, izinga iyanda;
• inani imingcipheko insurable - ngakumbi, kokukhona ebiza kakhulu;
• inshorensi yobomi kunye nenani labantu ngeinshorensi - imigaqo yomkhaya zitshiphu ngokubanzi umntu;
• neminye imiba - ngokuxhomekeke nkqubo kwinkampani ye-inshorensi leyo.

Nezihlandlo zeentlawulo njengoko kuchaziwe kwisivumelwano - iminikelo zingenziwa ezilahlwayo, ngonyaka, ngenyanga okanye ngekota. Iinkampani ze-inshorensi namhlanje anikezela kakhulu uluhlu olubanzi izicwangciso kunye namaxabiso, ngoko yokufumana ilungelo ayikho nzima.