UGladilin Anatoly Tikhonovich: I-Biography

UGladilin Anatoly Tihonovich - ummeli we-so-called anti-Soviet prose. Umsebenzi wakhe wokudala waqala ngo-1965 ngencwadi ethi "Iziganeko Zamaxesha KaVictor Podgursky." Kwiminyaka "yokunqumla", igama lakhe laduma ngeembalo. Imisebenzi kaGladilin imile eceleni kweencwadi zabalobi abanjengoAksenov, Okudzhava, Voznesensky, Yevtushenko, neAkhmadulina.

Biography

UGladilin Anatoly Tihonovich wazalelwa ngo-1935 eMoscow. Wafunda kwi-Literary Institute. Gorky, kodwa engayigqiba. Emva kokuba imisebenzi yokuqala ipapashwe kwi "Ulutsha", kwakukho ukuhlala kwexesha elide emsebenzini. Ngenhlanhla, umbhali wamkela isimemo kwiphephandaba i-Moskovsky Komsomolets, apho wabhala khona amanqaku kwithuba elifutshane.

UGladilin Anatoly Tikhonovich wasebenza iminyaka emininzi kwiofisi yokuhlela ye studio yefilimu. Gorky. Kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60, umbhali waqala ukuzibonakalisa kwaye njengomntu osebenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, wathetha ngokuxhasa abalobi uSinvsvsky noDaniel ngelixesha elivakalayo.

Ngomnyaka we-1972, uGladilin Anatoly Tikhonovich washicilela incwadi ethi "Forecast for Tomorrow". Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva umbhali waphuma. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu wayehlala eFransi.

Umbhali wee-60

Ngethuba lokukhwabanisa, xa uncwadi luphela kuphela lwabantu baseSoviet, i-prose yeGladilin yayihlala kwindawo elula. Kwiminyaka engama-60 kwiphephancwadi elithi "Ulutsha" ludlulisela iimpapasho zayo ezidumiweyo kubalobi abadumileyo, abaye benza imisebenzi kamva. Ubuchule beqhawe kweli nqaku likhawuleza libalwe ngabantu bakubo.

UGladilin Anatoly Tikhonovich, ongu-biography wayeqhelekileyo kubalobi beeminyaka engamashumi ama-60 nangama-70 (ubunzima bokupapasha imisebenzi, ukufuduka), kwiincwadi zakhe bafuna ukuphendula umbuzo wokuphila njani kweli xesha elinzima ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda iimpazamo zooyise. "IVangeli likaRobespierre" yincwadi enikezelwa kubaguqukeli. Umsebenzi wokugqibela obhaliweyo kwiSoviet Union - "Imozulu yeHlabathi" - yanyatheliswa kuphela eJamani. UGladilin Anatoly Tikhonovich, iincwadi zakhe zaqala ukubonakala kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60 ubudala, zazihlala zifaniswa nomlobi uFrançoise Sagan.

Umbhali oselula

Umsebenzi wokuqala kaGladilin, owawuthandwa ngabafundi baseSoviet, wabhalwa xa umbhali wayengenashumi amabini. Wafaniswa nomlobi we-prose waseFrentshi uSagan. Emva koko, indlela yokubhala yomlobi owaziwayo nayo yaqala kakhulu kakhulu: ngeeshumi elinesixhenxe. Nangona kunjalo, umehluko wawungaphakathi kwiimirhumo. U-Sagan wathola isamba esikhulu kwiveli yakhe yokuqala. Kubekho kwixesha elizayo ngokukhululekile, ukuba kungenjalo indlela yokuphila engonakaliyo. UGladilin naye wathola umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala "Ingxelo yamaxesha e-Victor Podgursky".

Umbhali olwa neSoviet

UGladilin Anatoly Tikhonovich, imisebenzi yakhe eyabangela i-resonance kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60, ilandelwe kwiimbono ezibizwa ngokuba yi-antipatriotic. Kuyaziwa ukuba lo mbhali kwiminyaka yakhe emncinci wayekhokelela ubomi obuqaqambileyo nobutyebi. Wayeqhelana nabadlali ababalaseleyo bezemidlalo kunye ne-cinema. Phakathi kwabahlobo bakhe abasondeleyo ngu-Marina Vladi, owayeneminyaka yokuqala yokuhlala kwakhe eSoviet Union, ngaphambi kokuba aqonde i-naivete yeenkolelo zakhe zothando, wabuza umlobi we-prose umbuzo othi: "Kutheni ulwa neSoviet?". Ukuze aphendule kuye, kwakudingeka ukuba azalwe kwaye akhule kweli lizwe. Kodwa nangona kukho uluvo olwamkelekileyo, uGladilin wayengakhethi. Akazange aphuphe ukubhuqa umbuso waseSoviet waza wakholelwa ukuba unaphakade.

Uhambo lokuqala ukuya eNtshona

Kwindoda eyayiphila ubomi bayo emva kwe "Iron Curtain", iYurophu yabonakala iyindawo ethembisiwe. Ngowe-1962 iqela labalobi baseSoviet bavakashela iParis. Njengenxalenye yakhe yayinguGladilin. Ababhali babebukele i-KGB. Baye bathatyathwa "kwisixeko sithandwa" ngokwemiyalelo eqinile. Naphezu kokubeka iliso rhoqo, umbhali wamangaliswa. IParis yayibonakala yiparadesi yokwenene. Kwaye emva kweminyaka emithathu uGladilin waqaphela ukuba kwakuyinto enye ukutyelela esi sixeko njengendawo yezokhenketho, enye into-yokuhlala apha.

Ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe

Njengabanye abalobi be-half half of the last century, uGladilin waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye ilizwe ukuze angabanjwa. Ukongezelela, kwakukho imisebenzi emininzi kwideski yakhe yokuba i-Soviet censorship ayayi kuze ilahleke. Umbhali wahamba. Kodwa emva koko wavuma ukuba ukuba uyazi malunga ne-perestroika ezayo, akaze ashiye iSoviet Union. Kwintshona kukho inkululeko. Iincwadi ezisebenza eParis azizange zicatshungulwe. Kodwa kwakungabikho abafundi.

EParis, uGladilin wanyanzelisa ukuba ayibalekele ukuba wayengumbhali odumileyo. Wafumana umsebenzi kwi-Radio Freedomer entlangano. Abalingani bomlobi weprose babengumveleli obalaseleyo baseSoviet abaye kwafuneka bahambe eSoviet Union kanye. I-journalism yamthabatha uGladilin. I-Fiction iye yavela kwimvelaphi.

Iincwadi

Ekhaya uGladilin wakwazi ukuprinta imisebenzi emithathu. Phakathi kwabo - ibali lembali "Iimpondo zenkqantosi yaseShlisselburg". I-protagonist yencwadi nguIppolit Myshkin, owenzame ukuthatha uChersheshevsky waseSiberia. KwiSoviet Union incwadi ethi "Imfihlelo kaZhenya Sidorov" yapapashwa.

EParis, uGladilin wabhala "Usuku Olukhulu Lokusebenza", "Cypress Under the Snow" kunye nemisebenzi emininzi yeemviwo.

Ezinye iincwadi ngoGladilin:

1. "Mthuma emehlweni."
2. "Uhambo olungunaphakade lohambo."
3. "Ikrele laseTamerlane."
4. I-Shadow ye-Horseman.
5. "Izitalato zabaphathi."

Ubomi bomntu

UAnatoly Tikhonovich waya ekuthumeni nomkakhe uGladilin. Noko ke, intsapho yomlobi, yayingeyodwa. Xa eshiya i-USSR, ubomi bakhe bodwa budidekile. Emva kweminyaka embalwa emva kokufika kwakhe eFransi, uGladilin wadibana nomfazi wakhe wangaphambili. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva kwavela ukuba wayekulindele umntwana. Umbhali wakwazi ukuphuma kwiSoviet Union kunye naye. Namhlanje uGladilin uyintloko yentsapho enkulu. Umbhali uneentombi ezimbini ezivela kwimitshato eyahlukeneyo, abazukulwana. Ngexesha elide, u tyelela ilizwe lakubo kwaye ngokuzithandela unike udliwano-ndlebe kwiintatheli zeRashiya.