"Inkqubela yomntu": ukuhlalutya ibali. UShokhokhov, umsebenzi othi "Isibi Sabantu"

UMnu Sholokhov ungumphathi we-epic. Kwimveli ethi "I-Quiet Flows i-Don" yakwazi ukuphinda ipeyinti enkulu yezona zinto zinzima kakhulu kwimbali yaseRashiya. Izibonelelo ezingekho ngaphantsi zilawulwa ngumncinci ngomthamo, kodwa zinamandla kakhulu kumsebenzi wokuqukethwe "I-Future of Man". Ukuhlaziywa kwebali kunceda ukuqonda injongo yombhali kunye nesizathu sokuthandwa kwakhe kakhulu ngumfundi.

Ubomi bokubhaliweyo bombhali wangaphambili bubomi obubuhlungu bomntu oqhelekileyo waseRashiya owasinda ekufeni kwakhe kwintsapho yakhe kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwekhaya lakhe, iimfazwe ezona ziyingozi kakhulu, kunye nokuthunjwa kwentliziyo. Ukugqitha kuzo zonke izilingo, wakwazi ukuma nokunyamekela umntwana wengane.

Intlanganiso ekhunjulwayo ngo-1946

Uhlalutyo lwamabali kaSholokhov "I-Destate of Man" iya kuba yinto echanekileyo ukuqala ngembali yendalo yayo. Ngonyaka emva kokuphela kwemfazwe, ubomi bunikela umlobi nomqhubi ongaqhelekanga kuye, owayengumkhosi welifa ngaphambili. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha lokuzingela epulazini laseMokhovsky. Ngethuba lekhefu ukuya eShokhokhov kwafika indoda ekhulile kunye nenkwenkwe-behamba ngesikebhe emfuleni i-Elanke. Ngethuba le ngxoxo, umhambi (akazange akhulume ngegama lakhe) watsho ibali elibuhlungu lobomi bakhe.

Uhlalutyo olulandelayo lwebali, isithuba somntu, abasindileyo abaninzi, bavelela kakhulu umlobi. Ngokukhawuleza wagqiba ekubeni abhale malunga nomntu omtsha, kodwa yonke into yayiphoswa. Isizathu esona sihlandlo sokufunda ngokutsha kwamanye amazwe ngabantu ababuthathaka nabangenakunceda. Kwaye ngoko kwavela ingcamango yokuchasana neqhawe layo kuye, kunye kunye nalo mbono webali elizayo lizimisele. Ngenxa yoko, kwiintsuku eziyi-8 enye yeyona misebenzi eyona nto yayidalwe kungekhona nje ngemfazwe, kodwa nangenxa yobukhulu bomsebenzi waseRashiya onamandla kunye nomlwa.

Ukubunjwa kwebali elithi "Inhlekelele yoMntu"

Uhlalutyo olutshanje lokwakhiwa komsebenzi sele luzimisele ukuba luyintoni. Emva kwenkcazo encinane equle inkcazo yentwasahlobo kwaye ibonisa ukuvuselela ubomi, ibali leqhawe-umlandeli olwaziyo noAndrei Sokolov unikwa. Okulandelayo, indlela eqhelekileyo kwincwadi isetyenziswe: "ibali kwindali". Elula, engathandabuzekiyo, ngamanye amaxesha adidekile - kunzima ukukhumbula okudlulileyo-intetho yesigorha iyimbonakalo engcono kunokuba nayiphi na into echazayo. Umlandeli ngendlela ebonisa kuphela iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ekubonakaleni kwakhe, okokuqala, "njengokungcoliswa komlotha" kwaye ugcwele "amehlo angenakukuphepha". Bathetha ngokucacileyo malunga nobunzima bexesha lomntu.

Uhlalutyo lwebali: ukusuka kubomi boxolo ukuya kwimfazwe

U-Sokolov wayenezinto ezininzi ezifanayo kunye nabantu baseRussia: imfazwe yombutho kunye nokulahlekelwa ngabantu abathandekayo, kuqala usebenze kwi-kulaks, ngoko, emva kokufudukela kwisixeko, utshintshe izinto ezikhethekileyo, ade afunde ukuba ngumqhubi. Ekugqibeleni, ukutshata intombazana enhle, abantwana, ikhaya lakho kunye nobomi obuhleliweyo.

Yonke le nto yawa ngenye indlela: imfazwe yaqala, kwaye uAndrei waya phambili. Ngentlungu, wayekhumbula ukuhlala kwakhe kwintsapho yakhe, njengoko yavela, yokugqibela. Emva koko-phambili.

Kwiimeko zemfazwe, uShokhokhov ugxininisa isigqibo somntu ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo. Uhlalutyo lomsebenzi luvumela ukuba siqonde ukuba okwesikhashana leli qhawe alizange licinge ngobomi bakhe, ukuba kwakungumbuzo wokusindisa abanye. Kwakukho ezininzi iziganeko ezifanayo. Kwakhona ukuzimisela ukugqithisa ngomlilo weentshaba ukuya ekupheleni kwebhetri, efuna iinqwelo. Kwaye ukubulawa kokuqala komntu (okukodwa okwesabisayo-eyakhe!) Ecaweni, xa efunda ngokungcatshiswa okuzayo. Futhi ukulungele ukuthinjwa, phantsi kombhobho, ukukhusela abahlobo abafa. Ezi ntshukumo zibonakalisa uSokolov njengendoda elungileyo, unamandla kwaye unesibindi: kungekhona wonke umntu onokukwazi ukuzidela ngenxa yabanye.

Uphikisana noMueller

Uhlalutyo lomsebenzi othi "Inhlekelele yoMntu" kwaye ngokukodwa indawo yokuphenywa ibonisa ukuphakama kokomoya kwintolongo yaseRussia phezu kwamagosa aseJamani. Inkalipho ekhethekileyo kunye nobuhle babonakalisa ubudlelwane obuqhankqalaza obuqhankqalaza beqhawe likaMüller. Ukungafuni ukusela ngenxa yeempumelelo zeJamani kunye nokholo olungenakunqotshwa ekunqobeni kwabantu bakhe, ukulungela ukuthobela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokugaya i-schnapps yokufa kwakhe, kunye nokwenqaba kwesonka kunye namafutha omntu olambileyo, ohluthiweyo-ezi mpawu zaphakamisa intlonelo nakwii-fascists. Ngelo xesha uSokolov wayemi phambi kwabo enentloko, engaqhekeki kwaye engafuni ukuqonda amandla abo. Isipho sikaMueller kwisiRashiya u-Ivan - "Wena ulijoni elinesibindi. Ndi ... bahlonele abachasene ngokufanelekileyo "- ubomi baba yinkqubela yokuziphatha. Kwaye isonka kunye namanqatha afumaneka ngokwahlukileyo phakathi kwabo bonke amabanjwa. Ngoko uhlalutyo lwebali likaShokhokhov "Intshukumo Yomntu" lunceda ukuqonda ukuba ngubani owenene ngokwenene kweli lizwe ukunqoba kule mfazwe eyingozi.

Ukukhululwa ekuthinjweni nasekuqhutyweni kwexesha elizayo

U-Sokolov's feat naye wayebalekile. Ngaloo mzuzu wayecinga malunga naluphi uhlobo lweenzuzo eziza kubakho ilizwe. Ngaphansi komlilo womhlaba - emva kwamaJamani, phambi kwabo - wathabatha igosa laseJamani elinomda, apho wayefanelwe khona ithuba lokufumana unyango esibhedlele.

Kwaye-ke ukutshaya okutsha: kuqala iindaba zokufa komfazi kunye neentombi zakhe, ngoko ukufa kwonyana wakhe ngomhla wokugqibela wemfazwe. Unamandla kangakanani umntu? Kulo mbuzo, umlandeli nomfundi bahlalutye umsebenzi. Ingozi yomntu ibonakala iphosa ngamabomu isilingo emva kwesinye, kwaye emva koko imbi kakhulu kuneyona yangaphambili. Ubuntu obunamandla obunene kuphela obanikezelwa ngabo bonke abafanelekile ukuba basinde kwaye basinde. Into eyona nto kukufumana umthombo wosindiso, yinto encinci eyenziwa nguVanya ngo-Andrei Sokolov.

Buyela e bomini

Ukulungiswa ngokungafanelekileyo ubomi - le ngcamango ivela malunga neziganeko ezichazwe. UShokhokhov mhlawumbi wacinga ngako. Ixesha lomntu - uhlalutyo lomsebenzi luqinisekisa ukuba oku - kuxhomekeke kwiimeko. I-protagonist, eyayivela kwimfazwe njengomqhubi-mkhululi, ongenamandla phambi kokulahlekelwa yiyo: akukho ikhaya, nentsapho, nokuba nokholo kwimpilo ebalulekileyo. Kwaye kwangoko intlanganiso kunye nenkenkxwa yabasindisa bobabini. Ngenye into wayinika ukunakekelwa nguyise, enye-inkolelo yokuba yonke imvavanyo ayilungiselele yayingenanto. Kwakhona, umntu ufumana amandla okuphila ukuze anike ukufudumala, uvuyo kunye nolonwabo komnye. Njengokuba uhlolisise amandla, kwaye emva kwexesha indoda yenze inceba yakhe.

Uhlalutyo lwebali lokuvuma likaAndrei Sokolov lusenza siphinde sicinge ngendlela engenamkhawulo ubutyebi bokomoya, amandla angaphakathi nobuchule bomntu.

Ixabiso lebali

Ukupapashwa komsebenzi omtsha nguMnu Sholokhov ngasekupheleni kuka-1956-57 kwakunomdla wokwenene kwiincwadi. Ikhredithi yombhali kukuba uyakwazi ukuthetha ngamaphepha amaninzi malunga nenkqubo nzima yokukhula kwaye ibe ngumntu weqhawe - ummeli oqhelekileyo wabantu baseRussia. U-Sokolov kwafuneka ahambe ngokubanzi, kodwa wakwazi ukugcina iimpawu ezilungileyo: ububele, ukuthanda izwe, isidima sesizwe.

Kubalulekile kukuba into yokuba umbhali waqala ukuphakamisa imbambano yemeko yamajoni aseRussia ekuthunjweni. Ingxaki yomntu, ukuhlaziywa kwebali lomntu oyintloko uqobo lwabangela abantu: E.Pirmitin, owathi watyelela umbhali ngelo xesha, wathi uShokhokhov wagcwala iincwadi ngabafundi abanombulelo.

Inzala kwimbali ayilahlekanga ngexesha lethu, kwaye oku kukuqonda okusemgangathweni kwembeko yombhali.