Villa Rotunda - wobugcisa ka Andrea Palladio

Hayi kude ukusuka ingane Venice ngumzi Vicenza, leyo engekho ngaphantsi kunaye walondoloza aphakathi umfanekiso nentsomi amanzi. Chaza zonke ezinomtsalane le ngabakhenkethi ithandwayo ukuhlaliswa akunakwenzeka isihloko olulodwa.

Vicenza ibizwa umzi ka-Andrea Palladio imbeko apha njengoko umfana buchopho omkhulu, yona yayakhelayo apha izakhiwo iingangamsha, ebe ikratshi Italy.

Makhe sihlolisise indlu lizwe, idweliswe njenge World Heritage UNESCO ngo-1994, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba La Rotonda (Villa Rotunda). Vicenza Palladio yashiya ilifa ukuba ubungqondi lokwakha izakhiwo umzi Italian enxulumene ngonaphakade igama inkosi enkulu.

ukwakhiwa buchopho

imisebenzi yakhe ilitye zange ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nkqu izinto ezincinane zokuhombisa bengabantu.

Wadala yobuciko ezininzi kuphela umyili ehlabathini, ogama libizwa ngokuba isimbo (Palladian), Ndandikholelwa ukuba zonke sakhiwo ebheka kuluncedo kakhulu kwi umlinganiselo olululo lilonke amalungu kulo. Kwaye akukho mali lwemihlathi ehonjisiweyo eqingqiweyo eqaqambileyo, nezingqameko zaziwa ngokuba akayi kwenza isakhiwo esihle.

lohlukanisa isimiso

Andrea Di Pietro, esaziwa alias njengoko palladium (egameni uthixokazi Greek nguPallas Athena), hayi ingozi ixesha elininzi ku dyondza izakhiwo yamandulo umzi. Ukwenza Zoba izindlu kunye neetempile, waqonda ukuba kutheni zintle kangaka. Ukulinganisa column uMdali onamandla lufumanise ukuba phambi kolwakhiwo inkosi wenza izibalo esingenakuzibona izibalo.

Palladio waqonda ukuba umgaqo wolingano ngenxa bezakhiwo kwiinkulungwane obefudula esisiseko. Elinye icala nasiphi na isakhiwo ibonwa enye, oko kukuba ilahlwe ngohlobo izikwere kunye nezangqa. Ukuhlola isakhiwo buxande, umakhi bafumanisa ukuba apha kakhulu wasondela ngenyameko ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo ubude nobubanzi.

Le ndlu, singezantsi singangumzekelo

Villa Rotonda, simi phezu kwentaba, njenge kwisakhiwo yonqulo, ngokuziqhenya ezinde phezu Vicenza. Emva kokuba umsebenzi yaqala ukuvela isakhiwo engqongqo basebukhosini IsiNgesi wakha phezu kweli mfanekiso, kwaye igqalwa nekopi edume Nozipho (Voznesensky) Cathedral Tsarskoye Selo.

Oku okokuqala kwimbali ukwakhiwa indlu yangasese, ukuphindaphinda iindlela zayo yokwakha yonqulo yamandulo. ubonakele Bulelani ezitepsini ezibanzi Ukufana, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yoothixo bamandulo amajukujuku ziphi unxulumano kunye Roman "indlu bonke oothixo" - oothixo.

umfanekiso onamandla

Malunga imifanekiso ekubalulekileyo ukuzikhankanya ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwincwadi yakhe ukhankanya ezimbalwa amagcisa Italian owayesebenza naye kwaye adale eqingqiweyo olutshintshayo. Nezibalo ukuba umakhi wayethanda ukubeka kufuphi kwizinyuko, njalo eshukumayo. Lo omhle eqhelekileyo frozen kumfanekiso ngamnye ngokungathi imisinga umnika ubomi lonke isakhiwo xa sisonke.

Imbali lwesakhiwo

Villa Rotonda kufuphi Vicenza, ezakhiwe kwimigaqo yecandelo yegolide, wadalwa njengendawo yokuhlala amanene ngenxa Paolo Almerico, yaye emva kokufa womzobi ukugqiba umsebenzi ophela umfundi wakhe abanamakhono V. Scamozzi ukuba abanini amatsha - abazalwana iCapra.

Siyazi ngembali ukwakhiwa ezinika eziphambili esi sixeko. Ukuba umakhi yamagqala esafudukela Vicenza wajika umbingeleli, lowo ephupha ikhaya egqibeleleyo. ngoko nangoko Amateur iifom rhoqo zejiyometri waqonda ukuba uza kuthabatha njengesiseko isikwere, eziya kungena isangqa.

, Ngo-1566 Palladio, okholelwa ukuba sihle uninzi izinto ezilula liphuhlise sketch lwesakhiwo elizayo. Ngenxa i Amanani ezineenkcukacha nokungokwezibalo villa isimetri ezahlukeneyo ogqibeleleyo: Round Hall abhaliwe a isikwere.

Isakhiwo lokuqala kunye sithe zinzi kwihlabathi

Talent Master ebonakaliswa yokuba zonke iinkcukacha zokuhombisa obekwayo bokwakha etempileni, ngokugqibeleleyo ziya kwisakhiwo labucala ze uyinike nangobuciko okhethekileyo. A okukwinqanaba eliphezulu yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo izakhiwo zonqulo, yaye ukwakha ikhaya wempangelo, iye akayilibalanga malunga Andrea Palladio.

Villa Rotonda kufuphi Vicenza waba isakhiwo Renaissance amajukujuku yehlabathi yokuqala ehlabathini zinokuhonjiswa elixholwe kuyo umnyango apho iholo enkulu na kwelanga.

Isakhiwo engaphandle iyavumelana ngokupheleleyo ubuhle lwangaphakathi. Ngenxa yokudweba elingaphakathi acelwa amagcisa abanetalente, ihonjiswe yophahla neendonga kunye esekelwe kwi imixholo wentsomi kunye njengobuxoki yobomi Almerico umbingeleli.

Lula in yonke

Villa Rotonda, balizukisa igama le ngqondi yaseItali ehlabathini lonke, iqulathe olungaphambili ezine ezifanayo ezingqonge central iholo angqukuva ngeenxa zonke. nobhazabhaza Kuku athe, kwemijelo apho iqhele imilonde ngamatshe kwemi nganye, ihonjiswe nesezindlu Troff ezintandathu pediments.

Simple xa uqala, izisombululo zokwakha ngaphandle frills ukwenza imbonakalo yesakhiwo kucizwa ezintle.

Ngaphambili, abakhi yamandulo evarandeni iqhotyoshelwe kuphela olungaphambili eziphambili, kunye Palladio waya kulwa izithethe kuzinza, nto leyo villa macala ngeenxa zonke.

Indlela evisisana bemvelo wobugcisa yokwakha

Xa eyila isakhiwo yayisekelwe kumava yayo gqitha misebenzi Andrea Palladio. Villa Rotonda, wakha Izithethe intle itempile yamandulo, ludibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo kunye landscape engqongileyo. Umakhi ngobuciko yoncutshe iifom wezakhiwo nobumbejembeje kuvisisana ubuhle bendalo, akuba wendele obu buchule evela abakhi yamandulo.

Kwincwadi yakhe, wavuma ukuba ngabom wakhetha indalo omkhulu kweyona ndawo intle, onokuwatshintsha ngqondweni. Umbhali usoloko ubhenele ukuba indalo, yaye ngamnye umsebenzi wakhe kuyamanyaniswa ngokupheleleyo nayo ngokuvumelana.

isakhiwo Evaluation Goethe

Villa Rotonda e Vicenza ebesoloko umdla omkhulu. Ekubeni wobugcisa ekhethekileyo akayi wayeza kudibana ezininzi, Goethe, wayexakekile. Kakhulu abanomdla Imbongi ezizukulwaneni German weza Italy babubone buqu imisebenzi Palladio. Wayekholelwa ukuba baqonde ubuhle obumangalisayo izityalo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa umntu, ngoko waya Vicenza.

Ngowe-1786, emva kokuba utyelelo endlwini imangaliseke Goethe wabhala amanqaku akhe: "Villa Rotunda - isakhiwo esihle, omi phezu kwentaba elihle. Kubonakala ukuba phambi kokuba zibukeke akazange avumele ngezo zinto. kwicala ngalinye indlu kufana itempile. amagumbi amahle emangalisayo kunye kwiholo elikhulu. Umnini wesakhiwo, zibonakale kuyo nayiphi na indawo, ekhohlo bobempunde ilitye lesikhumbuzo wokwenene. "

abanikazi Ukutshintsha

NgoJuni 1912 Villa Rotonda itshintsha izandla. Baba intsapho Valmarana ufuna ukubuyisela i mmangaliso bokwakha. UNjingalwazi Mario bokwakha, owafa ngowe-2010, wachitha iminyaka engama-60 ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifumene umfanekiso eyaziwa bexesha. Ngowe-1980, le ndawo yaba ivulelekile kuluntu, kwaye ngeentsuku ezithile, uqhelane kunye nohombisoa langaphakathi.

Namhlanje ke umnini villa Valmarana Lodovico, ukuseka ingxowa-mali ekhethekileyo.

Uninzi umsebenzi abaphandi ngumzobi Italian bakholelwa ukuba kwincopho bubuchule le grand Villa Rotonda. Palladio esisekelwe kwizicwangciso kwakhe wamazwi waza wabonisa imigaqo-macala bokwakha.

Isampula isimbo kunye ngokugqibeleleyo emihle yonke undwendwe ngumnqweno akhe ukuze uqhelane namanye imisebenzi umninindlu, leyo kwisithili lobuninzi wesixeko.