Yintoni ubunzima beVenus? Ubukhulu bemimoya yaseVenus

Ubunzima beVenus, ubuninzi bayo, kunye nobukho bemoya buyimilinganiselo efana noMhlaba. Ngenxa yomgama osondeleyo kwiplanethi yethu, yinto yesithathu eqaqambileyo yokubonwa esibhakabhakeni. Ngenxa yoko, iVenus yaziwa nakwixesha lokuvela kwempucuko yabantu.

Ihlabathi leMandulo kunye neVenus

Inkwenkwezi enjalo ebonakalayo esibhakabhakeni ayishiywanga ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kwiinkcubeko zamandulo. Kukho ukubhekisela kwiVenus kwiIndiya yasendulo. Wayebizwa ngokuba yiShura, egama lingumlawuli weli hlabathi. KwiYiputa yamandulo, yayibizwa ngokuba ngumthikazikazi uIsis. EBhabhiloni, waqanjwa ngokuthi nguIshtar. Nonke nayiva igama lika-Aphrodite, yindlela uVenus wayedlalwa ngayo eGrisi yamandulo. Ukubhaliweyo kweembali kuye kwafumaneka kwiBukhosi baseRoma, kwabizwa ngokuba yi-Lucifer. Kukho ukukhankanywa kwihlabathi lamaSilamsi, phantsi kwegama elithi Ap-Lat, kunye neZuhra. Ngokuphathelele ilizwe laseSlavic, kwi-annals kukho ukukhankanywa phantsi kwegama likaDennitsy okanye iZarnitsy. Njengoko sibona, imbali yokunqula inqulo likaVenus iya kwiindawo ezinzulu, kunye neNyanga kunye neLanga.

ULomonosov wanika ithemba kwihlabathi "ngomhlaba wesibini"

Ubungqina bokuqala bokuba khona kweVenus njengeplanethi yenziwa nguGalileo Galilei ngo-1610. Kamva, ngoJuni 6, 1761, uMikhail Lomonosov wafumanisa ukuba kukho umoya kwiVenus. Ngaloo mini, idlule kwiDiski yeLanga. Yiloo mcimbi ukuba izazi zeenkwenkwezi zehlabathi lonke zilinde ngokungapheliyo. Kwaye inzululwazi yaseRussia uLomonosov yaqwalasela ukukhanya okubuqilileyo emhlabeni jikelele njengoko idlula kwiDisk. Lo mbono wayewujonga njengobungqina bomoya ojikeleze iVenus, ngesiseko sokuba kubangelwa ukukhishwa kweemitha ezikhanyayo. Isiphetho seMV Lomonosov sabonakala sichaphazelekayo.

Iplanethi evulelekileyo ifana neyoMhlaba ngeendlela ezininzi. Umlinganiselo wobunzima beVenus kwi- mass of Earth ngu-0.815: 1. Ububanzi beplanethi bubungamaekhilomitha ama-650 ngaphantsi kwehlabathi kunye neekhilomitha ezili-12,100. Ngokubhekiselele kumandla omdaka, kuncinci. Elinye ikhilogram yomthwalo wehlabathi kwiVenus iya kubala ubuncinane malunga ne-850 gram.

AmaTropiki akufanele abe kwiVenus

Ukufunyanwa kweLomonosov, ehlangene nobukho bomoya obunamandla kaVenus, kuya kubonakala, ekugqibeleni ukuqinisekisile ukufana kwazo. Kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo, ngexesha lobudala, liye lachasa ukufana kobunjwa beeplanethi. Ubungenakwenzeka nje ukuwubukela nge-telescope, kodwa kwakhona ukuthumela izithuba zendawo zaphelisa amaphupha okubona umyezo weparadesi kwiVenus. Oko kwafunyaniswa kukuhluke kakhulu kwiimeko zomhlaba. Umhlaba wethu unomxube wegesi ezisisiseko: i-nitrogen - i-78%, i-oksijini-21% kunye ne-carbon dioxide encinci. Emoyeni yaseVenus, ngokuyinhloko i-carbon dioxide, ngokweminatha ye-probe ye-cosmic, isibonakaliso simalunga nama-96%, kunye ne-3% ye-nitrogen. Amafutha asele (umphunga wamanzi, i-methane, i-ammonia, i-hydrogen, i-sulfuric acid, i-inert gases) malunga ne-1%.

Unomsindo kwaye unenkani

Kwinkqubo yokufunda umoya weVenus, idatha malunga nokubunjwa kwayo kunye nokuxininisa kwakuhlaziywa rhoqo. Okokuqala, oku kubangelwa ubunzima kwinkqubo yokufunda. Umoya weplanethi unamafu kwaye awubonakali. Ukushisa komoya ovuthayo kufinyelela malunga ne-+475 degrees Celsius, kwaye ingcinezelo yemozulu iphinde ibe ngama-92 aphezulu kuneMhlaba. Ubuninzi buninzi kangangokuthi ukuba uphosa imali yentsimbi, iya kuwa njengento ephonswe emanzini. Ubunzima obuphelele bomoya weVenus buyi-93 ephakamileyo kunezoMhlaba kwaye ngu-4.8 · 10 ²⁰ kilogram.

I-greenhouse effect yatshintshe yonke into

Ukushisa okuphezulu kwiVenus kwakumangalisa gqitha izazinzulu. Yona iplanethi eshushu kakhulu kwindlela yethu yokukhanya kwelanga, nangona ifumana amaxesha amane okushisa ngaphantsi kweMercury. Kuphela nje ngenxa yocwaningo olucokisekileyo kwacaca ukuba inqanaba elikhulu le-carbon dioxide kunye nomphunga wamanzi kubangela ukuba kusebenze umbane. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nexesha elincinci lokujikeleza elijikeleze i-axis yalo, emoyeni kwiplanethi kukho ukunyuka kwemoya, isivinini somoya sifinyelela malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-370 ngeyure. Kodwa kwindawo ethile ekuphakameni kweekhilomitha ezingama-50 isivinini somoya siyancipha kancane, kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kwi-surface ayikho ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-4 ngeyure.

Ubunzima beVenus kunye neempawu zokuziphendukela kwayo

Namhlanje, ingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ingasombulukiyo kukuqonda inkqubo yokuvela kweVenus esikhathini esidlulileyo, ngenxa yoko izixhobo zayo ezahlukileyo ziphuhlisiwe, i-carbon carbon dioxide enamandla kunye nokudibanisa i-nitrogen kunye ne-gaseyi ye-inert kunye namanzi aphezulu aphezulu.

I-Venus iyiplanethi leyo ubunzima kunye nokubunjwa kwayo kubonakalisa njengomzimba we-cosmic wesimiso somhlaba wesigqeba somhlaba. Kwakhona iquka iMercury noMars. Kodwa abanalo iimpawu ezifanayo kunye noMhlaba njengeVenus. Akusiyo nto into ebizwa ngokuba "udade" weplanethi yethu. Ngokomzekelo, ubuninzi bobunzima bomhlaba kunye neVenus bufana ngokufanayo kwaye buyi-5.24 amagremu nganye kwisentimitha nganye. Ukongezelela, ubunzima bomthamo bukaVenus buyi-4.8685 · 10 ii-kilogramgram, malunga ne-0.815 yobukhulu bomhlaba. Kubonakala ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaba wethu, "udade" wayo ubukhulu becala.

Uphando luza kuqhubeka

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi amabini, akukho mizamo eyenziwe ukuhlola ubuso beVenus. Izizathu zibonakaliswa ngokucacileyo, imeko yendalo iyabonwa njengento enobudlova phakathi kwazo zonke iiplanethi zesimiso sethu sobusuku. Inkokheli, i-tin kunye ne-zinc ebusweni bayo kuseburhulumenteni. Ngokuphathelele uxinzelelo, lunokuthelekiswa nento ekhoyo kwikhilomitha enye ngaphantsi kwamanzi eMhlabeni. Ngeemeko ezinzima, izixhobo azikwazi ukuma. Ngowe-1982, isithuthi seVenus-13 esithunyelwa kuVenus sasebenza nje imizuzu engama-127, emva koko sahla.

Ingxaki ebalulekileyo kukuba izinto ezininzi kwiqondo lokushisa elijikeleze +475 degrees Celsius ziqala ukutshintsha iimpawu zazo. Enye yazo i-silicon, inxalenye yeebhodi kunye ne-microcircuits. Kulo bushushu, landisa ukwenziwa kombane, okukhokelela kwizixhobo ezingenamsebenzi. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziya kufuneka zisebenze nzima ukukhusela nezixhobo ezipholileyo. Nangona ukuba ubuninzi beVenus kuphela ngu-0.18% ubuninzi beeplanethi zesimiso sobusuku, luhlala luyinto ekhethekileyo kunye nenomdla wokwenza uphando.

Ingakanani igrama yomhlaba evela kwiVenus indleko?

Inqaku elilandelayo ekufundeni iVenus, okwamanje kunzima ukuyizalisa, ukususwa komhlaba emhlabeni kunye nokunikezelwa kwayo kwiMhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, njengoko uqondayo, isithuthi kufuneka sishiye emhlabeni. Kwaye ke, xa ufumanisa ukuhamba kokuqala kwe- cosmic yeVenus, ubunzima bayo bukufutshane neMhlaba, uya kuqonda ubunqanaba bonke ubunzima. Inyaniso kukuba kunye ne-apparatus kuyimfuneko ukuhambisa amafutha ukwenzela ukuba ihambe emhlabeni kwaye ihambise impahla ebalulekileyo. Ukubala ukuhamba kwe-cosmic yokuqala, kufuneka ufumane ukuba ubukhulu bendawo nobungakanani beVenus. Ukusebenzisa le nkcukacha, emva kokubala, sifumana: isantya sefowuni ukuyenza kwindawo yayo kufuneka sibe ngu-7.32 km / s.

Njengoko inkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe, kwada kwada kwexesha elithile ukuqaliswa kwe-satellite kwisithuba, ukundiza kwenyanga, ukuhamba kweemodyuli zendawo phezu kwamanye amaplanethi, indawo yokuhamba i-Voyager-2, eyashiya inkqubo yelanga, yayingenakwenzeka. Mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo, ubuchwepheshe buza kusinceda ukuba sihlolisise iiplanethi zenkqubo yethu, kodwa ukuba siqhubele kwiinkqubo zeenkwenkwezi ezikude. Masithembele ukuba oku kuza kuba yinyani yembewu yethu.