Ukubunjwa umoya

koMhlaba i langa umoya imvulophu, leyo ebandakanya igesi kunye ubumdaka obufana nothuli, ityuwa, okanye amanzi kwemveliso yokutsha, ubungakanani kubo njalo, ngokuchaseneyo xi igesi. Qwalasela ngokweenkcukacha ukwakhiwa irhasi umoya njengepesenti nitrogen - 78% Oxygen - 21%, xenon - 8.7% hydrogen - 5%, oxide ne - 5% helium nalo - 4.6%, neon - 1.8 %, methane - 1.7% Interface - 1.1% argon - 0.9%, amanzi - 0.5% kunye ne-carbon dioxide - 0.03%.

Ukubunjwa emoyeni iquka umphunga wamanzi, nto leyo ziyohluka ngexesha kunye nendawo kwaye lusekelwe kwi-ntathu eziFihliweyo. Uyakwazi ukutshintsha yaye carbon dioxide, isiqulatho yayo ixhomekeke kumntu nobomi isityalo. amasuntswana kutshizwe eziveliswa kwimisebenzi yabantu, zifumaneka rhoqo kwi eziFihliweyo kwakunye babengabafo abade, kodwa kwimeko yokugqibela ukuba ngeedosi ezincinane.

Ngenxa yoko, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze-atmosfere kuyahlukana nedlela indawo. Kwiingcamba ezikufutshane emhlabeni, ubungakanani carbon ukunyuka dioxide neoksijini - lifinyele. Kwezinye iindawo, yandisa ipesenti methane kunye nezinye iigesi ezinegalelo ukutshatyalaliswa-ozone, imbonakalo yi greenhouse effect kunye nemvula eneasidi. Malunga ne-10% ye ubumdaka emoyeni ngenxa yeenkqubo zendalo. Umzekelo, mlilo uthuthu kuwela kuwo, sulphuric kunye nezinye ii-asidi, kunye neegesi ezinetyhefu. Kwakhona, umthombo sulphur uya esonakala iintsalela zezityalo, amathontsi amanzi olwandle nemililo ihlathi. Ukongeza, kutshanje ukukhuthaza ukukhutshwa VOC (oganikhi khompawundi eziguquguquka). I-90% yazo ubumdaka, nto leyo eyinxalenye ye-atmosfere ukuba kuwa ngenxa yezinto ezenziwa abantu. Oku kunokuba, umzekelo, ukukhutshwa umsi, ukhukhuliseko, yokugcina inkunkuma njalo njalo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umoya uye zihlanu, imida zigqitywa utshintsho ubushushu, kuxhomekeke umahluko ukufunxeka radiation.

Ngenxa yoko, umaleko ephantsi (eziFihliweyo) lifumana yeegesi ukusuka phezu komhlaba. EziFihliweyo yokuhlala macandelo nibona aphambili ezimbini, nitrogen neoksijini. Kwakhona, lo maleko iye yanikwa ulwelo kunye umphunga ayahamba ngumphunga phezu kwamanzi olwandle.

Oku kulandelwa stratosphere, leyo sisincoko efana eziFihliweyo. Noko ke, apha umlinganiselo umphunga wamanzi ngaphantsi ngokuphindwe kaliwaka, yaye ozone ngu amawaka enkulu.

Ukongeza, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze-atmosfere ibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo besihlambele sona yaye yingozi kwi eziphilayo. Cinga ezinye zazo.

1. sulfur dioxide ekukhutshelwe ngumphunga kwamanzi olwandle, iigesi ukukhutshwa kunye nezinye iinkqubo zendalo, ngokunjalo ukutshiswa amafutha. Apho idityaniswe umphunga wamanzi ukwenza sulphuric acid.

2. carbon dioxide akhiwa ukutshiswa amafutha ngomthi necuba, kwakunye injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi.

3. VOC (isoprene, terpene methane) kwasekwa ngenxa imisebenzi kwiiplanti zeekhemikali, izityalo wamandla oshushu, kwakunye komphunga ukufuma kumasimi nerayisi okanye imigxobhozo.

4. oxide (dioxide) nitrogen wakhiwa ukuswela oksijini ukutshiswa amafutha, kwaye xa isixa esikhulu yeegesi zeemoto kunye ezikhutshwayo izityalo wamandla oshushu.

5. Photo-iioksidenti (PAN, formaldehyde, ozone) zaveliswa ngenxa ekudibaneni kwemichiza ukuthatha indawo inxaxheba kwimitha elanga.

Ngenxa yoko, umoya ojikeleze umhlaba iquka inani elikhulu lweziqalelo ezahlukeneyo izinto. Ezinye zazo kubalulekile ukugcina umsebenzi eziphilayo emhlabeni, abanye ukudlala kubo indima iyingozi, igalelo kumonakalisa. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba umoya akukho wafumana izixa ezikhulu zezinto eziyingozi apho kunokuthi ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba yonakalise.