Andrea Palladio: biography, umsebenzi

Umakhi Italian omkhulu Andrea Palladio, nokuba emva kweminyaka 500, i ngumzekelo ukulingiswa nokunconywa. impembelelo yakhe ngokwakha ihlabathi ayikwazi zabaxwa, style Palladian ukhetheke ehlabathini uvelisa igama senkosi elinye. Le inkosi ezininzi lweempumelelo kwaye ezifunyaniswe, ubomi bakhe kwakungelula, kodwa gingxi, njengoko lakhiwa.

Intsapho Childhood

November 30, 1508 kwintsapho elula Miller Padua wazalwa inkwenkwe, Andrea wambiza kuyise, wafumana igama yesibini - Pietro, kunye negama lokugqibela - della gondola. Times baba nzima abantwana, amahlwempu abanalo, kuba ukususela ebuntwaneni, kwafuneka asebenze ukuya esikolweni. Ingakumbi ukususela nkwenkwe wayeyinkedama, kwakunye neqhekeza lesonka anayo ukuzenza. Andrea uneminyaka 13 waba umncedisi kwi kumasifundisane amatshe. Apho, uya kufumana amava yokuqala iluncedo processing namatye wafunda izakhono zalo, leyo luncedo kwixesha elizayo kuye. Imiqathango yokusebenza khoboka, yaye emva kwexesha elithile esindileyo Andrea e Vicenza, apho ihlelwe njenge ngumfundi kumasifundisane le nomkroli odumileyo. Ngoko ke engena isangqa labantu abaza kugqiba Isiphelo sakhe.

Formation kumsebenzi

Ekuqaleni, yena ubuchule uvumo sidiliya ilitye itsalela friezes kunye neengqukuva. Abaqeshi kumnceda ukuba ujoyine labakhandi of neengcibi zeendonga, yaye ufumana ingeniso ngokuthe ngcembe. E Vicenza, kuba ukufikelela kwi sangqa abantu abasondeleyo kubugcisa, yaye bafudukela kufutshane nabantu Trissino Dzhandzhordzho engena bayahlelwa kweenkedama kuthatha ngokwalo indima nomcebisi wakhe umxhasi. Yaba nguye lowo ngelithi uAndrea waqalisa ukufunda ezikhumbuzo izakhiwo zamaGrike namaRoma, esazi inkcubeko yakudala. Andrea wafunda imisebenzi Vitruvius, kunye ezinde ezahlukeneyo zobuciko kunye bokwakha. Yena uya eItali, ahlole, imizobo kunye zesikhumbuzo ezibalaseleyo obmeryaet zakhiwo yamandulo, ukutyelela Croatia kunye neFransi. Trissino waba umthengi yokuqala wezakhiwo elizayo waza wanyanzelisa ukuba wathabatha igama euphonic ngakumbi yaye waba Andrea Palladio imbeko Pallas Athene. Lomhleli Andrea iba kuphela kweminyaka engama-30, kodwa eli xesha ukuba babe nobutyebi obungumangaliso bolwazi kwimigaqo izakhiwo yamandulo.

Ngowe-1534 Trissino uyalela isigxina sakhe ukusebenza Villa yakho, ngoko ke umsebenzi wokuqala Palladio - villa Cricoli embindini Vicenza. Umsebenzi wokuqala, kwakunye abazana ezininzi Andrea iye ezifunyenwe ukusekelwa Trissino, vula lokwakha oselula indlela kulo msebenzi.

Impumelelo kuqala

Kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo ukwakha villa ka Andrea Palladio, isakhiwo omnye kuthatha malunga 2-3 iminyaka, umakhi kudala nje le projekthi, kodwa walathisa umsebenzi wokwakha izakhiwo kunye noyilo landscape. Ukususela kwasekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe Palladio liphumeza imigaqo yalo ihambelana ingcamango yokuba sakhiwo kufuneka ikhangeleke ngolu enye, kudityaniswe kulo mmandla kunye nokusingqongileyo. Yena ucingisisile ngalo ngokubhekiselele kwizibonelelo lokuhlolwa, kwaba umbono lokwenyaniso ezidolophini. Ukususela 1540 yena ifumana odolo eziliqela ezilandelelanayo ukuba palazzo, nto leyo inyathelo elibalulekileyo crystallization lohlobo Palladian.

Ngowe-1545, i-wezakhiwo waphumelela ukhuphiswano le projekthi ngokutsha kwiholo yedolophu e Vicenza. Isakhiwo esihle wayeseleyingwevu, akwanelanga ukuba iimfuno mzi. Andrea inikeza ngokutsha esisiseko, idala yamandulo enemigangatho emibini, esebenzisa kwemvume, kungekhona inxalenye ukuhonjiswa, kwakunye into ebalulekileyo zesakhiwo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukudala sisincoko evumelanayo isakhiwo kunye nokwandisa ummandla ezisebenzisekayo. Ubuhle kuwo ngokusondeleyo edibene ukuba nokusebenziseka. Isakhiwo ngoku into ikhuselwe yi-UNESCO, kunye umhombiso obalulekileyo umzi. Le projekthi yenza Andrea odumileyo, yaye unako ukufaka ibango ukusebenza-odolo ezininzi omkhulu.

Idolophu Andrea Palladio

Umakhi wayefuna ukusebenza kwikomkhulu, kodwa eVenice nobudlelwane bakhe nzima. Nangona ezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu apho akwazi ukwakha. Kodwa akazange ukrokrela ukuba uzuko lwakhe lokwenene omnye umzi. Zimbalwa bezakhiwo uwa luck aba okhokho kombono ezidolophini. Andrea Palladio, ogama Ibhayografi ngokuqinileyo ebotshelelwe Vicenza, ukufumana ithuba. Ngexesha ubomi bakhe wadala kweso sixeko kunye angayi izakhiwo zodidi ezininzi ubuqaqawuli ndawo kwaye umtsalane kubakhenkethi ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Igama yesitalato layo, Corso Andrea Palladio - umboniso imisebenzi yakhe. Apha wakwazi ukuba nje kuphela Talan wezakhiwo, kodwa ukusebenza njenge umsunguli isixeko. Notyekelo ezitalato kunye izikwere ezimbini eziphambili banikwa kubo ziyilelwe inkolelo yabantu. Amaziko eziwela ukuvumelana, ubukhulu kunye neenkcukacha babecinga-ngaphandle kakuhle. Vicenza yaba isipho ngokwenene wezakhiwo, apha wakwazi ukuphumeza iingcamango ezininzi, kodwa abanye babo wahlala engagqitywanga emva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1580. Ezinye izakhiwo ongeze phezu abafundi bakhe. Kodwa ngokubanzi, umzi Liquka nobukhulu wezakhiwo, yiloo nto yonke lokwakha yavelisa amagqabi ufuna Vicenza ukubona ukuba lo Classic.

Eyona isakhiwo kunye elifeni wezakhiwo

Andrea Palladio, ogama imisebenzi zibumba mali segolide lwemithombo mvanje Renaissance, yashiya ilifa elibalulekileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Leeprojekthi zakhe kakhulu ziquka: Roton villa, lo Basilica wecawa Palladio kaThixo e Venice, San Giorgio Maggiore, Teatro Olimpico, Loggia del Capitano. Le sesakhiwo Andrea Palladio iyahluka komthendeleko lokuqhubekeka ngabom imigaqo amandulo kunye nezithethe. Kanye emva kokuba wezakhiwo washiya izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kwe 80 kuzo zonke ubukhulu lonke Italy.

Ngaphandle izakhiwo, umakhi yashiya ilifa ngokohlobo umsebenzi omkhulu "The Books ezine Architecture" kunye azibhala kwiqela ezikhumbuzo yokwakha zehlabathi lamandulo. Ezi ncwadi kwakukho iincwadi ikwizizukulwana bezakhiwo wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso iindlela ezinkulu: ezimbejembeje Classicism.

nempembelelo Palladian kwesakhiwo umhlaba

Ubuchule Andrea Palladio ushiye uphawu soze sokuyilwa ehlabathini. Namhlanje, izakhiwo isimbo lwamandulo, leyo kwasekwa ngenxa Palladio, apho kuwo onke amazwe phambili. Andrea Palladio, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane ungena ngamagama amabini: "isimbo Palladian", yaba ngunozala esigangeni lonke, "ithiywe ngokwakhe," nto leyo akusekho kwakunjalo kwimbali izakhiwo. YaseYurophu ukwakhiwa XVII-XVIII iinkulungwane asekwe phantsi uluvo ngoko nangoko umsebenzi Palladio kunye ngokusekelwe nemigaqo yayo.

Palladio neRashiya

Uye ushiye uphawu yayo, kunye noAndrea Palladio e bokwakha Russian. Emibini umlandeli wakhe bangi, Dzhakomo Kvarengi noCharles Chamber, kwinkulungwane XVII wambumba imilo kwikomkhulu Northern. bezakhiwo kamva Russian sele ithathe imigaqo Palladio, ukwakha inani enkulu izakhiwo uhlobo lwamandulo eMoscow nakwezinye izixeko ezininzi. Iliza lokugqibela nomdla ilifa Andrea Palladio - a isimbo kaStalin Empire, esekelwe kwimigaqo balo.