Aphorisms malunga nootitshala nabafundi, malunga nesikolo kunye nezifundo

Ngubani na ongazange aye esikolweni? Wonke umntu wahamba ngayo kwaye wazisa izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nezikhumbuzo. Ngoko ke, kwimbali yoluntu, kukho iingxelo ezininzi ezinengqiqo malunga nesikolo kunye nootitshala , ekugqibeleni yaba yi-aphorisms.

Ngaba i-aphorisms malunga nootitshala beza njani?

Njengoko uyazi, inzululwazi njengoko isayensi yavela kumaxesha amandulo, kodwa kwenzeka kwiGrisi yamandulo, eyaba yindumiso kwixesha elide njengomthombo wobulumko bokwenyaniso.

Abafilosofi abaziintloko bavame ukuphendukela ekuqondeni indima yothisha kwihlabathi labantu, ezininzi iinkolelo zabo zaba yi-aphorisms. Ama-Greek aphorisms malunga nootitshala abadumileyo ngobunzulu beengcinga zabo nobuhle babo.

Ngokufanayo, i-aphorisms malunga nootitshala baqala ukuvela kwezinye izizwe, abaye baqwalasela ingqalelo imbangela yokukhuliswa kwesizukulwana esincinane. Le nto i-aphorisms esempuma, eyahlukileyo kwingqondo ekhethekileyo yendawo yomntu kwihlabathi labantu, kunye ne-Western Europe aphorisms eziqonda isizathu sokukhuliswa kunye nemfundo njengomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ojongene noluntu.

Kwangaphambili ama-aphorisms

I-orator eyaziwayo uSocrates yathi akukho shishini elinzima emhlabeni ngaphandle kokuvelisa umntu wangempela. Umfundi wakhe ozinikeleyo, uPlato, waphawula ukuba imfundo yomntu iqala ngokuzalwa komntu kwaye iphela emva kokufa kwakhe.

Umfundi odumileyo u-Aristotle (owayengumcebisi we-Aleksander wase-Macedonian eyoyikisayo)-wathi kuqala kubalulekile ukunika abantwana ulwazi, kwaye sele sele bephuhlisa izakhono eziyimfuneko kubo. U-Aristotle wabuza abafundi bakhe ukuba bakhumbule ukuba kwimibandela yemfundo kubalulekile ukukhumbula izinto ezintathu: izakhono okanye iitalente, ulwazi kunye nokuzivocavoca rhoqo.

Akukho ma-aphorisms awaziwa ngaphantsi malunga nootitshala beepeni labacingi bamaRoma. Umzekelo, uCato uthanda ukuphindaphinda ukuba ngumntu kuphela onamazwi kunye namazwi ahambisanayo, kwaye uSeneca, inzala eyaziwayo kakhulu ngexesha lokunciphisa ubukumkani baseRoma, ungabizwa ngokuba ngumfundisi oyinyaniso, wongezelela ukuba ukubizwa kukaTitshala kunzima kakhulu, ngoko ukuba oothixo bafuna ukukujezisa, baya kukunika utitshala .

EMpuma

Nika ingqalelo kwimbangela yokukhuliswa kunye nemfundo kunye nabasempumalanga. I-Eastern aphorisms malunga nootitshala abagciniweyo abahlaziyileyo kunye nabacebisi abanengqondo.

Ngokomzekelo, umsunguli weBuddhism, uNkosana Gautama, owaba nguBuddha okhanyisiweyo, wathi uthisha kufuneka anike bonke abafundi bakhe ulwazi, engashiyi nto. Inkokheli yaseTshayina - iConfucius enkulu, ogama layo lingcwele kunoma yimuphi ummeli walo hlanga, wayekholelwa ukuba ukubizwa kukaTitshala kukubizo oluphezulu emhlabeni. Ngexesha elifanayo, waqaphela ukuba kuphela izilumko okanye abantu abaxineke kakhulu ngolwazi abanakufundiswa.

Kukho ii-aphorisms zasempumalanga malunga nootitshala abajonga umsebenzi wabo njengetyala elikhulu. Ngoko, umzekeliso wasePersi uyaziwa, uzwakala ngathi: "Ukuba uThixo wayephulaphule yonke imithandazo yabantwana, bonke ootitshala babeya kufa emhlabeni," ngelixa kwimiqulu efanayo yePersi kunomnye umzekeliso, ngoko umfundisi oqinileyo ungcono kunotata olungileyo.

AmaYurophu apho amaxesha anamhlanje

ISebe leShishini laliqhubela phambili eYurophu yamaxesha anamhlanje, okwakusisiseko sokudala ii-aphorisms ezintsha malunga nootitshala.

Ama-aphorisms malunga neengcali kunye nootitshala babeyi-pen of the thinkers and famous teachers.

Ngokutsho kukaMichael Montaigne, ootitshala badinga ubuninzi beengqondi ukuze bafundise abantwana, nangaphezulu kunokuba bafuna ukuba bafunde. UTomas Fuller, ngokubhekiselele kootitshala, wathi: "Ngolwazi, musa ukulukhupha kwi-tochi yakho, abantwana bakhanyise ikhandlela!"

Wayeyaziwayo ngenxa yeengxelo zakhe ezibhekiswe kootitshala, noJean-Jacques Rousseau. Ngokukodwa, wanxusa ootitshala ukuba bangabambeli iintloko zezingane ngolwazi oluthile, kodwa bazama ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana banalo ulwazi ngokwabo. Oku kwabhalwa ngu- Emanuel Kant, owathi unqwenela ootitshala, wabongoza wathi: "Fundisa abantwana bakho ukuba bangazikhumbuli iingcinga, kodwa bacinge." Inqaku elifanayo lingelo titshala odumileyo uAdolf Diesterweg, obhala ukuba utitshala ongeyena unokufundisa kuphela ukukhumbula inyaniso, kwaye uncedo unceda abantwana bafumane oko.

U-Diesterweg ofanayo ngaphandle kokugxekwa ngokungenakucinga ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ngumfundisi oyinyaniso ngokufunda ethile inzululwazi ethile, banokuzalwa kuphela.

AmaYurophu apho amaxesha anamhlanje

Phakathi kwama-European aphorisms amaxesha anamhlanje malunga nootitshala, oku kulandeleke ngakumbi. Njengoko uSamuel Butler ukhankanya, kukho iintlobo ezimbini phakathi kootitshala: ookuqala ufundisa kakhulu, kwaye abafundi abafundanga nantoni na.

UHenry Adams uthi yonke ititshala ichukumisa ngonaphakade emsebenzini wakhe, uAlber Hubbard uthi umfundisi ukhulisa iingcamango ezibini kumntwana, kwaye kwangaphambili wakhula apho yodwa.

URichard Aldington ukholelwa ukuba umsebenzi ophezulu wutitshala ukubonisa umfundi wakhe indlela efanelekileyo ebomini nakwihlabathi labantu.

NgokukaKarl Kraus, abafundi banondliwa yinyaniso yokuba ootitshala baye bawagaya.

Umlobi wexesha elithile uPaul Coelho uthi inxaxheba yotitshala ehlabathini inkulu kakhulu. Kuphela abo baye bazama uvavanyo kwindlela yokomoya, banomonde nesibindi sokuthatha zonke iziganeko ebomini babo ngaphandle kokugwetywa, banokufumana njengesipho esivela ezulwini ootitshala bokwenene.

UWilliam Ward ubonisa ukuba utitshala omkhulu ukhuthaza abafundi bakhe ukwenza izinto ezinkulu.

IsiRashiya iiforms malunga nootitshala

AmaRussia aphorisms malunga nesikolo kwaye ootitshala bahlukeneyo. Sonke siyazi amazwi ka-A.S. U-Pushkin, owaqaphela ukuba "sonke safunda ngokuncinci ... into ethile nangendlela ethile ..."

Phakathi kweengcali zefilosofi zaseRashiya kunye nabalobi beengxelo ezinjenge-aphoristic malunga nokufundiswa kwaziwa ngokuba ngu-Lev Tolstoy. Iingxelo zakhe zintle. Makhe sibonise ingundoqo yazo. Ngokukodwa, uTolstoy wabhala ukuba kuphela umntu ophethe izici ezithile zobuntu kunye nomsebenzi walo msebenzi wenkonzo unokuba ngumfundisi. UTolstoy usebenzisa kwakhona i-aphorism ukuze athole umzekelo wootitshala bokwenene, uthi uthisha onjalo uyabathanda abantwana bakhe njengomzali, kwaye uyayithanda nomsebenzi wakhe.

Ngaloo xesha ifilosofi ichaza ukuba utitshala unokuba kwaye kulula ukufundisa abafundi babo, nangona kunjalo, njengomgaqo, kunzima ukuba bafunde.

Impawu yombono waseRashiya wokufundisa isibheno kwixabiso lomntu utitshala kwimicimbi yemfundo. Oku kuboniswa nguDmitry Pisarev, ebona ukuba yonke into ekukhuliseni abantwana ixhomekeke kubuntu bootitshala. U-Vasily Klyuchevsky uyamcaphukisa, ebonisa ukuba ukuba ngumfundisi ontle, kubalulekile ukuthanda abafundi bakho nokuthanda inzululwazi yakho.

Eyona nto ihle kakhulu aphorisms malunga nootitshala: umxholo

I-Istria isinika ezininzi iifrirismi ezintle malunga nootitshala. Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi.

Umzekelo wale nkcazo ngamazwi kaRim Emerson athe utitshala ngumntu onokujika izinto ezinzima zibe yimiphunga.

UConstantin Kushner uyamangalisa kwaye uyalumkisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umthwalo wokufundisa olele phezu kotitshala unzima kangangokuthi unokuthelekiswa nje nomhlaba ogqithiseleyo.

U-K. Marx akakho ngaphandle kokuhleka ngokumnandi amanqaku ukuba nayiphi na ititshala, xa eqala imisebenzi yakhe, kufuneka aphakanyiswe kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.

UWilson ukholelwa ukuba ngaphambi kokufundisa, utitshala makakhumbule ukuba kuyo yonke inyaniso ayibonakalisa kubantwana, kufuneka akholelwe.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, uChurchill wabuya wavuma ukuba uthisha uhlala enamandla ngaphezu kwe-prime minister. Leli gama elihle kwaye lihle kakhulu livolise abavoti bakhe kwaye laba yi-aphorism.

Iindawo apho zikhunjulwa khona apho

Kukho i-aphorisms malunga nootitshala nabafundi abaye bafumana ukuthandwa ngokubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, isitatimenti esichazwe ku- Otto von Bismarck ukuba zonke iimfazwe zithatyathwa ngabaphathi kwaye kungekhona ngemikhosi yazo, kodwa ngabafundisi.

Ingxelo engaphantsi kweBernard Shaw ukuba bonke abayaziyo ukwenza into ebomini, bafeze imisebenzi yabo, kunye nalabo abangazi nto - baya kootitshala.

UL. Sukhorukov uyaphawula ukuba kubantwana bethu ootitshala abangcono kakhulu abazali babo, kodwa babo abantwana.

UConstantin Simonov uthi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba umahluko phakathi komfundi ofundisweyo nofundileyo ovela kubantu abangafundanga nabangaphilileyo kukuba umntu ofundayo uyaqhubeka ecinga ukuba imfundo ayigqibe ngokupheleleyo ebomini bakhe, ngoko ke unqwenela ulwazi olutsha.

Ama-aphorisms malunga nootitshala anikezelwa ngokugqithisileyo. Ukuzihlaziya, ukuqikelela, ukunyanzela - kuyo yonke into. Kukho i-aphorisms malunga nootitshala beeklasi eziprayimari, malunga nootitshala besikolo esiphakamileyo, ngabafundisi besikolo esiphakamileyo, njl njl. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu kule nkcazo kukuqonda inxaxheba enkulu kunomfundisi kwihlabathi labantu.