Yesicelo - yinto isakhiwo ezidolophini. Intsingiselo yegama elithi "yesicelo"

Yesicelo - na uhlobo kwiinqaba mzi. Ezi zakhiwo kuqala wabonakala Kievan Rus. Phantsi kwe sihloko - imbali izakhiwo ezindala Russian, kwakunye etymology of "yesicelo" ingqiqo.

intsingiselo

Yintoni na inkcazelo yale mbono inikwa kwi izichazi-magama? Yesicelo - oku kunxulumene isichazi-magama kwi yeminyanya, inqaba ibekwe kuloo mzi. lexicographer Russian unika ingqiqo inani le nkcazelo. Phakathi kwazo archaisms ezifana Detinets, inqaba.

kuqamba morphological

"Yesicelo" - ngesibizo eyindoda. Eliquka le yunithi kwiilwimi engcanjini kunye isimamva zero.

Xa izicatshulwa eziyinyani kunye ngokwabo kusetyenziswa oku kuthetha yokuvakalisa, njengokuba isimntwiso. Umgaqo ayo asekelwe emilise into ezingaphiliyo njengoko ziyaphila. imizekelo:

1. I yesicelo yakhupha isilumkiso sokugqibela.
2. I yesicelo uye wavakalisa umnqweno lokuthintela ukubonisa vhidiyo leyi.

Kule mizekelo, isibizo, ixabiso leyo kuqwalaselwa kweli nqaku, bunxulunyaniswa ingcamango "amandla". Yesicelo e Moscow, ibe isimntwiso kwamandla karhulumente kweli lizwe elide. Eli gama idla ezifunyanwayo kuluncwadi kwezopolitiko, kodwa oko kwenziwe utoliko ezinjalo akusoloko ufumana engathandekiyo entle.

cognates

iziphawuli wabumba izibizo zinikwe kwisichazi-magama yeminyanya, ekuthethwe ngayo kweli nqaku. Umzekelo: "incwadi yesicelo". Lo mqondo ingaqhelekanga kulwimi mihla Russian. Njengoko kuba Isichazi "Kremleva" Kwakhona ekhankanya yeminyanya, lilizwi kwinqaba awungeni. Kremleva ebizwa umthi, emi yedwa kwindawo evulekileyo.

Yintoni i "yesicelo"? Ixabiso ilizwi, njengoko kuthelekiswa etymology, akubangeli impikiswano phakathi izazi. Olu hlobo izakhiwo zamaxesha aphakathi, apho kanye phezu ixesha kwagqitywa ukwakha iinkuni. Kodwa ngenxa yemililo amaninzi, abakhi weRashiya yamandulo, ngathi zaseYurophu, uthathe isigqibo esifanelekileyo ukubuyisela umthi kwi ilitye. Ngale ndlela uyakwazi ukufumana amagama ingcambu amabini kuphela. Entetho mihla idibana kuphela omnye kubo. imizekelo:

1. Yesicelo iimfihlelo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye bahlala engekasonjululwa.
2. Udonga yesicelo ebuntwaneni kukhokelela iintlanga ukuba zinkwantye nguye.
3. Kwi izikrini ngaphandle documentary eyahlulelwe ukuba abafazi yesicelo.

Izithethantonye

Yiyiphi usondela iingqiqo Ixabiso lingaba pick isibizo "yesicelo"? Intsingiselo yegama elithi - njengenqaba, zokuzifaka apha. La magama nawo ayafana. imizekelo:

1. Moscow yesicelo - njengenqaba, ibekwe intliziyo ikomkhulu kwaye ixabiso eliphezulu nembali bezobugcisa.
2. Yesicelo - iqinisa, eliquka iindonga neenqaba eziliqela.

indaba

Capital eliganukejako yenye idumileyo ehlabathini. "I yesicelo ... Yintoni na loo sakhiwo?" Phantse wonke umhlali weMoscow, ekuweveni lo mbuzo, ndikhumbula enye kuphela inqaba yamandulo, nto leyo ibekwe kumbindi dolophu yakhe ekhaya. Njengoko intsingiselo jikelele ngakumbi yegama elithi "yesicelo". Yintoni na ixesha elide phambi kokuba Muscovites wayesazi, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, abahlali Astrakhan. Kwaye ke imvelaphi eli ilizwi alikho Russian. Apho ke kuloo nqaba endala akwimizi ngemizi yonke, Russian. Noko ke, olu hlobo lokwakha esidityaniswe ikakhulu omangalisayo lomculo bokwakha, ibekwe intliziyo komkhulu.

Le nqaba eMoscow yakhiwa ngo-1156. Le imililo abazange ingaqhelekanga ngaloo mihla. Ke ngoko, lo gama nje abahlali ubulawuli eMoscow Andifundanga ukusebenzisa ekwakheni izinto irobust ezongeziweyo, babengenalo ixesha ukwakha iinqaba ezintsha, yenzelwe ukuze basindise Ukuhlasela yotshaba.

Yakha udonga esiluqilima ngamatye kwenzeka okokuqala nguDmitry Ivanovich. Ukuze ezi njongo, i-lwelimestone wasiwa. Kwaye emva kokuba kwakhiwe inqaba entsha, embindini eMoscow sele ufumene ubuso apho ikomkhulu kwaye ngoku ebizwa ilitye elimhlophe. Umbono yakutshanje yesicelo kwasekwa kwenkulungwane elinesihlanu emva kwexesha. Bezakhiwo kulo lonke eRashiya kufika edolophini ukuze bathathe inxaxheba ekwakheni iindawo umdla, oko namhlanje, kwinkulungwane xxi, i baseRashiya emehlweni kwaye Iyandonwabisa iingqondo bezinye iintlanga.

Pskov

Igama elithi "incwadi", ixabiso esifunde ngazo kweli nqaku, libhekisela uhlobo yokwakha, akhoyo kwizixeko ezininzi mandulo Russian. E Pskov, ikwabizwa ngokuba Crom. Le ibekwe kufuphi ekudibaneni Enkulu kunye Pskov. Isakhiwo yokuqala umthi yavela ngenkulungwane yesibhozo. Iinqaba ilitye lokuqala mhlawumbi kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Pskov yesicelo sele kudala waba ukugcina oovimba ukutya. Apho kungekho mntu waphila. Stealing kule venkile kubhekwe lokungcatsha kunye sono silingenwe kukufa.

Kwezinye imizi

Yesicelo e Tula yakhiwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi. It wamisa le sakhiwo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Ngokungafaniyo osi, i-Tula yesicelo utshaba ungaze up. Phantsi kwalo ubunzima amajoni ukoyiswa ngaphezu kwesinye amazwe.

Wooden yesicelo e Astrakhan yakhiwa phakathi kwenkulungwane-elinesithandathu. Ilitye elimiswe yi Ivan labangcangcazelisi. Ixesha lokuqala iinqaba baba uNothozamile kakhulu. Izakhiwo ezingaphandle zenzeka kwiinkulungwane eziliqela. Ekuqaleni, lo yesicelo waba ezinde ezisibhozo. Wasinda de namhlanje ezisixhenxe.

Ukongezelela Moscow, Pskov, Astrakhan kunye Tula yesicelo uye kwizixeko ezifana Kolomna, Zaraysk, Tobolsk, Kazan, Suzdal. Ngamnye kubo ixabiso eliphezulu nembali.