Yintoni na lomculo bokwakha. Le lomculo yokwakha le Moscow yesicelo

Lidla imigca embalwa kuzinikela Moscow yesicelo iimbongi Russian. Xa Imizobo emininzi amagcisa dumeke kuboniswe le wobugcisa izakhiwo ephakathi. Moscow yesicelo - yinto lomculo zokwakha obalaseleyo eRashiya. Kwaye yiloo nto eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Le lomculo yezakhiwo - is ...

Igama elithi "lomculo" imvelaphi French. Liguqulwe njenge "ubunye, ingqibelelo kunye connectivity."

Le lomculo yezakhiwo - a oluntsonkothileyo zokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo zoluntu, kunye nezinye izakhiwo (iibrorho, iindlela, ezikhumbuzo, njl) eynza sisincoko lwendawo emanyeneyo. sezulu angaba kuphela izindlu nezakhiwo, kodwa imifanekiso, izikhumbuzo, imisebenzi yobugcisa, iipaki kunye nezitiya. Kwimbono lomculo lwezakhiwo kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka, inqanaba yokukhanyisa. Ukubakho kwabantu, kwakunye ngobunzulu traffic nazo weight.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo nasiphi na isakhiwo wezakhiwo yi zilurhangqile sendawo. Apha ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ngaphezu kwabo bonke ezindaweni kunye nobukho imizimba zamanzi (imilambo, amachibi, iindawo zokugcina).

Lidla iziko compositional le lomculo bokwakha kumi ilitye lesikhumbuzo okanye obelisk. Phakathi imizekelo ezo kuchazwe square eSt Peter Vatican isikwere okanye setyhula e Poltava. Ukuze imbeko kwisikhumbuzo i ubuntu obalaseleyo, okanye ukugxininisa ukubaluleka yembali isiganeko - yiloo njongo iphambili lukho eli lomculo bokwakha. Izithombe le complex ungabona ngezantsi (Square lo eSt Petros, Vatican City).

Types of ensembles wezakhiwo

Ezinye ensembles yezakhiwo wadala ngoko nangoko yaye ngokubanzi, phezu isicwangciso inkosi pre-ezilungiselelwe. Abanye kwakheka eminyaka, ngokuthe ngcembe esongezelelwe izakhiwo ezintsha izinto. Hi ndlela leyi, le yesibini ukhetho ifumaneka ehlabathini kaninzi.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ensembles ngobugcisa. Phakathi kwabo:

• lomculo kwebhokisi;
• iinqaba;
• ningenza;
• amabhotwe iipaki;
• Manor;
• ensembles emishini.

Moscow yesicelo - ebalaseleyo lomculo yokwakha eYurophu

Yesicelo e Moscow - yinto enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu, phakathi kwabo Bagciniwe ngokupheleleyo de namhlanje. Le lomculo yezakhiwo ise intliziyo kwikomkhulu Russian, oko imbaxa enkulu kwezentlalo nezopolitiko komzi, kwakunye uphawu oluthile engcwele lonke ilizwe. Nantsi yokuhlala ephambili nguMongameli Russian Federation.

Le lomculo yokwakha le yesicelo eMoscow yakhiwa kwi ekudibaneni imilambo Neglinnoy eMnayileni eMoscow. Ntathu kwisicwangciso nqaba ligubungela ummandla ka-27.5 zee-hectares. Kwelinye icala elinye kokuba erhangqwe yesicelo indawo oluBomvu, yaye kwelinye - kunye egadini Alexander.

Ekuqaleni-imi- 90 of ezinkulu-isikali yokwakha lwaqhutywa ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo bokwakha: ingakumbi xa isakhiwo ibuyiselwe iNdlu yeeNgwevu, kwakunye kwiiholo ezininzi Enkulu yesicelo Palace. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini nazo wambuyisela iindonga neenqaba zonke lomculo.

Hi ndlela leyi, asinguye wonk 'umntu uyazi ukuba iindonga yesicelo ayisoloko ebomvu, njengokuba sonke baqhelile ukubona kubo. Ngexesha XVIII-XIX iinkulungwane, ngokutsho imifanekiso alondolozwe kwaye iinkcazelo, okokuba babemhlophe (ukuya kuma-1880). Namhlanje, iindonga yesicelo efafazwe athile kunye ipeyinti ebomvu.

Okunye okunika umdla zembali malunga yesicelo libhekisela amaxesha IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ngoko ke, lo umyalelo enikwe 1941 ukuya kugqibezela phezu kwenqaba ye window ukuya kubume waba inkangeleko indawo yokuhlala.

Imbali emfutshane lomculo wezakhiwo

Iinqaba phezu kwisiza yesicelo mihla eMoscow waphila ixesha elide. Noko ke, kumaxesha amandulo ukuba abenziwe ngomthi, yaye ngenxa yoko wabandezeleka kakhulu umlilo. Ngoko ke, kwinkulungwane XIV, kwagqitywa ekubeni zingqonge edolophini kunye ngamatye ngeendonga (lekalika).

Le lomculo yokuyilwa ubalaseleyo eRashiya zavela uhlobo okuyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV. Nenqaba yokuqala yakhiwa apha ngo-1485. Ukwakhiwa labazobi ezintsonkothileyo Italian wathabatha inxaxheba, nangona kunjalo, inkangeleko inqaba ukhangela kakhulu "in Russian."

umdla kakhulu iwotshi enkulu obekwe kwi Frolovskaya inqaba. Nakule yonke yabetha izihlandlo ezine. Abo ezibonisa ixesha namhlanje, zasekwa ngo-1852. star-etsolo Five zeglasi lwerubhi ukuba banxibe iinqaba yesicelo zithe zafakelwa ngowe-1937.

Moscow yesicelo kabuhlungu zonakala ngexesha 1917 Civil War. Ngokukodwa, inani iinqaba zakhiwo ziye zonakaliswa, ngokunjalo zonke iintlafuno zakhe. Kodwa ngexesha Second World War yesicelo wasinda. Ngenxa ekufihleni ofanelekileyo, nelawula ukubamba nabayili eSoviet, lo lomculo wayengekho phantsi bombardment.

Walls, iinqaba kunye namabandla incwadi yesicelo

Le lomculo yokwakha le yesicelo e Moscow iquka ezinde 20 (ezintathu kuzo - ngokoMthetho ngeenxa zonke, abanye - isikwere). I eliphezulu kubo - Emnye, ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 79. Zonke ezinde yesicelo zakhiwa kule isimbo enye bokwakha, ngaphandle NONE Nicholas.

Towers ye yesicelo, kunye iindonga zakhiwa kwi Ekuveleni XIV-XV iinkulungwane, njengoko kuqukunjelwa kwinkulungwane XVII. Ubude lilonke zonke iindonga lomculo ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwesibini. ubukhulu yazo yahluka phakathi kweemitha 3.5-6.5 kunye ukuphakama kuyimitha-5 ukuya kweli-19. Iincopho iindonga zesixeko ahonjiswe ngohlobo amazinyo, zazo Swallows imisila (inani lawo elipheleleyo - 1045). Kwakhona ezixwesileyo walondoloza nongqameko eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo, embhoxo njongo iphambili yale sakhiwo.

Ngomhla kummandla Moscow yesicelo amabandla asixhenxe kunye nenqaba intsimbi, izakhiwo zebhotwe ezintlanu, kwakunye ezimbini lesikhumbuzo ezaziwayo-kakuhle - yiyo Tsar Cannon kunye Tsar Bell.

isiphelo

Moscow yesicelo - le lomculo unique bobugcisa Russia, enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Kuba Russian yindawo engcwele kunye uphawu sokumiswa Russian. Abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe linani into enye, bakholisa ukubona ukufika eRashiya.