"Faust" yi Goethe. Uhlalutyo lemveliso

Imisebenzi enkulu German nzulu ngezinto, umphengululi kunye imbongi uJohann Volfganga Gete iwela kwixesha lokugqitywa yobudala European yiEnlightenment. Ababephila Imbongi oselula wathetha ukubonakaliswa zakhe zaqaqamba umntu ngamnye, kwaye ebudaleni kwathiwa ngokuba "Olympian". Imalunga umsebenzi edume Goethe - "Faust", uhlalutyo thina kweli nqaku.

Kanye iinoveli ka uVoltaire, seqela elikhokelayo apha izimvo bulumko nokuvakalisa. , Ngokungafaniyo uVoltaire, imbongi ezi iingcamango eziqukwe bephila, nomfanekiso opheleleyo inxalenye yokuqala umsebenzi kuphela. "Faust" yi Goethe kokwabo uhlobo intlekele bulumko. Imiba jikelele zefilosofi kunye nemibuzo, apho elibhekisela umbhali, uphawu nobuciko imibala kwezemfundo xesha.

Ibali kukodwa malunga Faust ngokuphindaphindiweyo kucola kuncwadi yanamhlanje Goethe. Njengoko yinkwenkwe eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, wadibana kuqala egaraji ukusebenza intsomi yonopopi, eyabonisa nokudlalisa welivo endala waseJamani. Noko ke, le ilejendi sele subbase zembali.

UGqirha Faust waye abhadulayo kumnyangi, itola, esegumbini, nabakhwitsi kunye Warlock. bexesha lakhe, abaphengululi ezifana Paracelsus, wathetha ngaye charlatan kunye mkhohlisi. Kunye nabafundi bakhe (Faust ngaxa lithile obufundiswa isithuba unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi), kwelinye icala, wachaza utitshala wakhe obefuna ngokungenaloyiko yolwazi kunye neendlela unexplored. Abaxhasi Martina Lyutera ingqalelo ezihlambelayo Faust, ngubani ngoncedo uMtyholi wadala izinto ecingelwayo kwaye iyingozi. Emva kokufa kwakhe ngequbuliso ngowe 1540, ubomi lalo mntu umangalisayo uye wafumana amabali amaninzi, ibali apho kwathatyathwa phezulu ngazo iincwadi yombhali.

"Faust" yi Goethe e umthamo onokufaniswa ibonwe Homer kaThixo "Odyssey". Umsebenzi, umsebenzi apho kwenziwa ikhosi imashumi mathandathu, iye sathatha bonke amava ubomi umbhali, awuqonde okhanyayo zonke zaphawula uluntu. Intlekele "Faust" ngu Goethe esekelwe iindlela zobugcisa kunye neendlela zokucinga ezibe kude eqhelekileyo ngelo xesha kule ncwadi. Ngoko ke, le ndlela ilungileyo ukuva izimvo ebekwe phantsi imveliso, - ufundo ukuphumla kuchazelwe.

"Faust" yi Goethe - yintlekele bulumko, embindini apho imiba engundoqo yobukho bomntu, ukuchaza sebali, kunye imifanekiso yokuluka. Ngokutsho umbhali, ophambili eya kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye zaphawula. Faust i umfanekiso adibeneyo lonke uluntu, ngoko ke isimo yezenzo lakhe wakhetha kwimbali kunye nobunzulu yehlabathi isithuba. Ngoko ke, iinkalo zobomi kunye nobomi yoluntu zichazwe kunokuba ngokwesigqibo esicalanye.

Intlekele "Faust" yi Goethe, ukusuka apho iingcaphulo ziye elide phraseology, iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu nje kuphela abantu bomhla yombhali, kodwa nabalandeli. Nayo luzakuboniswa kwiiyantlukwano ezininzi ukuqhuba inxalenye yokuqala, imisebenzi ezimeleyo ngababhali ezifana uYohane. Byron, AS Pushkin, HJ Grabbe, njl