"Ship Grove" Shishkin - incazelo kaMnu

I-landscape ngomzobi omkhulu uIvan Shishkin uthatha indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi amagcisa Russian. Akukho namnye wabhala indalo ukuze wona amahle kunye okuchithwa, ekwaziyo nentabalala uthando kunye umphefumlo kwimveliso akhuphisane nayiphi ilinen yothando.

Phantse amava yonke iminyaka emininzi umfanekiso ilizwe lokuzalwa ivakaliswa ngelaphu "Ship Grove". Shishkin wakwazi ukuba adlulisele ihlathi zasehlotyeni noxolo eqaqambileyo ngenxa mbala lwalo imibala.

Russian Landscape Ukupenda

I-landscape umzobo Russian yaqala ukubonakala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII; phakathi oovulindlela ze uhlobo baba S. Shchedrin kunye Alexander Venetsianov. Iimpawu eziphambili kwinkangeleko zokuqala Russian baba classicism kunye ngokoqobo nohlobo kubonisiwe.

Xa landscape ngenkulungwane XIX njenge uhlobo arts iye yaphinda yathandwa engaqhelekanga phakathi amagcisa Russian kwaye, ngenxa yoko, uluntu. Eli xesha wayesazi abaninzi ngabapeyinti landscape abadumileyo ezifana Levitan, Lagorio, Aivazovsky, Vasilyev kunye nezinye amagcisa ngabelusi. Nangona kunjalo, indawo ekhethekileyo ekujikelezeni painting Russian, kwakunye ezintliziyweni zoluntu, ithatha Ivan Shishkin. Ukuqaphela lokuqala loluntu wegcisa efunyenweyo iintlobo ledlelo St. Petersburg, kwaye yemizobo "Ship Grove" Shishkin yaphela umsebenzi wakhe.

Biography wegcisa

Shishkin igqalwa artist lweenkobe Russian, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba ummandla Ayikho enye, wayesazi ukuba bezo uhlobo kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa, kodwa kuba wayemthanda kwakhe ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na ehlabathini. Okuphoxayo kukuba, isihloko academician bazisa Shishkin indalo "kummandla Dusseldorf View".

Shishkin wazalelwa kwidolophu Elabuga, waza wakhulela kwintsapho zorhwebo. Ukujula esikolweni, oselula uIvan Shishkin wangena School eMoscow of Umzobo izidanga iimbeko, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe Imperial Academy of Arts. Kuba Its kanye ngobuntshatsheli ngexesha izifundo zakhe Shishkin wafumana ilungelo lokuba baye phesheya ecinezela Academy.

Yena wachitha iminyaka eliqela Munich, Zurich, eGeneva koko e Dusseldorf, apho wayefunda khona ubuqili siwele kuyo uhlobo isilwanyana waza wabhala iphepha ukhuphiswano kwesihloko academician. Shishkin wachitha kwamanye kweminyaka emi-5, ukususela 1861 ukuya 1866, yaye, ndinilangazelela ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, wabuyela eRashiya phambi kokuphela kuphengululwe labo baza abafane babehamba ngaphandle ubukhosi.

Shishkin wayengomnye ziimbacu ebudeni imiboniso ezigcinwe yi ubambiswano waba nomdla mfanekiso. Ngowe-1973, i-Imperial Academy of Ivan Shishkin wawongwa kwisihloko unjingalwazi yokudweba "Backwoods", yaye ixesha elifutshane umzobi ilawulwa yocweyo landscape kule Akhademi. Le ukupeyinta lokugqibela ogqityiweyo yomhlaba enkulu yaba "Ship Grove". Shishkin wafa studio yakhe, lo ngoM, wema apho ngelaphu ongenanto.

ekumeni Shishkin

Nangona ekumeni uhlobo romantic zipeyintwe Shishkin, umsebenzi wakhe uzama "sugarcoat" uhlobo, ngokuchasene - umbhali ubhala ukuba yintoni nithande naye kanye oko. Yile uthando, ukwazi noxabiso wadlulisela imisebenzi igqityiwe yaye ubanika umoya Romanticism.

Nkqu imisebenzi yokuqala ziviwa ulwazi ngokungangqalanga kweefom zezityalo, iimpawu zabo kunye nomahluko. imisebenzi Shishkin Masijonge yokwenene kwaye ezaliswe-high technology ezizodwa kunye nomfanekiso ukuthembeka. Nokuba ngokufika kwe-mhlaba Levitan kunye Serov, Shishkin wayesoloko kukungahlonitshwa ummandla Russian.

imbali painting

Phakathi umsebenzi kakhulu enzima umi ngaphandle umfanekiso Shishkin "Ship Grove" - wokugqibela, phantse elifayo ilaphu mculi. Abahlalutyi abaninzi mbali art bayibiza "echazwayo" "ehlathini", hayi nje kuphela ngenxa pine mfanekiso tye, kodwa ngenxa ngakumbi yokuba kumfanekiso yakhe yokugqibela Shishkin kusetyenziswa kakuhle engama-40 yamava kunye nezityalo ingcali draftsman.

Ukupeyinta "Ship Grove" Shishkin wabhala kunyaka yokufa kwakhe, yaye limele Inqanaba lokugqibela le-umsebenzi wakhe. On a ngelaphu enkulu umzobi wagqiba ezibonisa oyithandayo pine hlathi lwabo - ibali ngasinye zemifanekiso lalo kutyhilwa ngendlela entsha ukudlala imibala ezintsha ayiyeki mangaza.

Ivan Shishkin, "Ship Grove": ingcaciso yomfanekiso

On the ngelaphu ubonisa uAshera kufuphi Yelabuga - indawo nakozalelwe kulo mculi. Kunothi ukuya umbhali womfanekiso ibonisa ukuba "Afanasyevskaya nqanawa uAshera kufuphi Yelabuga". Eli hlathi Shishkin oyiqhelile- ukusuka ebuntwaneni, yaye kubonakala zokomfuziselo ukuba umbhali sele iboniswe yakutshanje ifilimu yakhe.

ipateni elula iyelenqe ivumela kumboniseli lokuhlolisisa ogqibeleleyo indibanisela imibala kunye nomoya lulonke yehlathi zasehlotyeni, akanazintloni ngumoya nemvula. wazibonakalisa yonke imithi kunye yonke ivutha ingca kuboniswe kulo mfanekiso rhoqo iminyaka emashumi mane yamava ukufunda uhlobo Russian.

ukupeyinta palette

Ihlathi ahlanjwe kwelanga, yaye wangcwatyelwa ezahlukeneyo imibala kunye ezikhanyayo, uncharacteristic ngaphambili Shishkin. Kwiplanga elimcambalala le mizobo, xa sihlolisisa, abinzwe ngabapeyinti Impressionist ukuze ubutyebi kunye neyantlukwano yayo. Kodwa Shishkin, nge ingqondo yakhe zinkulu awuvumeli kwiqela lenjongo ukwaphula ubuhle bendalo yomhlaba, kodwa endaweni usebenzisa umbala ukuze agxininise kuyo.

Azure exutywe kwi ngelaphu kunye nemibala bomvu sunset ihlathi emnyama imivumbo eluhlaza nemfusa-black izithunzi enzulu. Blue okanye iindawo umbala ngokuphandle eluhlaza komboko ukudl ubude zibonisa iingxilimbela yamandulo mossy, kwaye ilanga-elibharhileyo edge kwamabala ukhumbula ezikhethwa ubuhle wegcisa - Shishkin njalo wayekhetha, amahlathi eziziingqondi phantse buthuntu charm zasehlotyeni kumntla-ntshona eRashiya.

Uhlalutyo olunzulu

A phawu uphawu wegcisa landscape painting ikukukwazi ukugcina njalo imithi kwi ugxininiso kweli abaphulaphuli, lo gama ngokuzisa ibe kwisiqalo. Umfanekiso Shishkin "Ship Grove" ebonisa mthetho.

Kule ndawo, phambi umbukeli linikwa ekupheleni enelanga kwaye umjelo ngamanzi sinombala ukusuka ngobuninzi yentsimbi abaselula Umqukumbelo pine emva apho kuvuka pine omkhulu, wotha yi ilanga lasehlotyeni, ogama isithsaba usele yedwa besentimitha ezimbalwa ukuya isibhakabhaka zasehlotyeni.

"Ship Grove" Shishkin: ntoni imithi ntlekele kwi ngelaphu?

Umculi asinibhaleli nje eli iintlobo ezithile beenkuni. Afanasiev mkhumbi Ashera waye ngawo kwesinye umfanekiselo Imizobo adumileyo - 'Pine Ihlathi ", nto leyo ngaphambili wabhala Shishkin. "Ship Grove" inkcazo umfanekiso nohlalutyo yayo ifunyenwe efana kakhulu ukuba inkcazo "ehlathini".

Painting ngaphandle kwesizathu ebizwa ngokuba "Ship Grove" - pine, okuboniswe ngayo, Asiyiyo njengesiqhelo, kwaye inqanawa - yobudala eyi-80 ukuya ku-100 ubudala, abade, nokukhanya, ukuya kwisiqingatha semitha ububanzi. IiBhodi ezi ompayina asetyenziswa ukwakha iinqanawa kunye namaplanga-zemithi baba lwemasti nqanawa obalaseleyo kaThixo.

Kalula kweepateni iyelenqe na ngaphezu wenziwe ukuba izinto ezincinane, into nganye flora inkcaneko kwakunye ubunzulu nobutyebi nemibala - kuba bonke abo kumboniseli wayendithanda kwe Ivan Shishkin. "Ship Grove" kucingelwa ukuba njengezona lo mhlaba ngomzobi enkulu.