Nokungalaleli - yintoni na le nto? Iintlobo zokuziphatha okufana

Nokungalaleli - is Ziyanda kule mihla. Oku kuthetha lunyhasho izithethe zentlalo eyamkelekileyo kuluntu. Zonke omkhulu kakhulu okufana kunye nokuziphatha etenxileyo kunyanzeliswa ukuba mawuhlawule ingqalelo kubo, kwezentlalo, yengqondo, oogqirha, amagosa ukuthotyelwa komthetho kwaye nkqu abemi abaqhelekileyo. Izazinzulu abaninzi abafunda oonobangela, iimeko kunye nemiqathango ezibonakalisa ngokubonakala kwale meko ezimbi. Kodwa ke kuqala kufuneka uqonde ukuba yintoni na ukuziphatha eziqhelekileyo yaye oko kungenxa?

definition

Kuzo zonke na uluntu namasiko alo kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha. Iiplastiki ezisemthethweni kunye ongabhalwanga. Kukho iindlela nokunyanzelwa kwawo. Kufuneka kuqondakale ukuba akukho nje amapolisa kodwa ukoyika wakhuza zizalamane. Umntu basenokuthi ukuba akathathi yokuziphatha eqhelekileyo, kodwa ulandele kuva. Lidla imeko eyahlukileyo ibonakala uluntu kwinkqubo rhoqo uguquko. Ngeli xesha, wabatshabalalisa imithetho emidala kwaye ezintsha, nangona kukho, kodwa ukuba andinalo ixesha ukuhlala phantsi uze ufumane iindlela zonyanzeliso. Ngoko ke, naluphi na utshintsho kunye revolution kuthetha nokunyuka amanqanaba abemi nobunjubaqa. Oku kuchaza imeko eRashiya yanamhlanje, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye ebulalayo ehlabathini. Ingcamango ubunjubaqa kubandakanya nakuphi na ukwaphulwa izithethe zentlalo zomthetho. Kufuneka zingahlukaniswa deviance. Le nto ke ithetha ukuba ukulahlwa, yingcamango isalamane. Ibhekisela imigaqo ezikhoyo iqela elithile eluntwini. Nokungalaleli - yinto ingqiqo ngokupheleleyo. It inento yokwenza imithetho elo lizwe. Nangona kunjalo delinkvetnoe ukuziphatha ibandakanya kungekuphela nje kwezo zenzo apho ukuzaliseka kufuneka ibe isohlwayo ngokusesikweni.

History of the isifundo

Ukuziphatha eliqhelekileyo labantu - sisiseko ukusebenza evumelanayo naluphi na uluntu. Ngoko ke, ngamaxesha onke amandla, iingcali zefilosofi kunye izazinzulu baye bazama ukufumana iindlela kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo. Ngoko nokungalaleli - yintloko yezifundo yokuhlalisana. Engunozala etafileni yakhe sifundo Durkheim. Nangona kunjalo, indawo eyahlukileyo enikelwe ekufundweni ubunjubaqa, kwakheka ngenxa Merton kunye Cohen. ESoviet Union iye kufundwe-sikhokelo Addiction, wolwaphulo mthetho kunye suicidology njenge distsilin okhethekileyo. Nokungalaleli - lo mba wengxoxo kwezentlalo Russian kuphela sharing-1960-1970. igalelo elikhulu sifundo sale meko kufuneka Afanasiev engqondweni, Matochkin, Gilinskiy.

Izinto ezibangela nobunjubaqa

ndlela ezahlukeneyo wachaza isosioloji ukutenxa ukuziphatha yesiqhelo eyahlukileyo. Merton, okulandelayo Durkheim, isebenzisa igama elithi "anomaly". Ezantsi kuye, uyiqonda kakuhle imeko yoluntu, xa ixabiso elitsha asikabikho ngokuqinileyo, nabadala sele waphila lakhe. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba achaze ubunjubaqa kanye intsha. Elidityaniswe kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa psyche kunye utshintsho kwindawo yabo kwaye indima eluntwini. Unobangela zokuziphatha njengomoni, ngokutsho Merton, xana wa ha pfumala ulungelelaniso phakathi iinjongo ezo uzibeke phambi kwabantu, yaye kuthetha ukuba amnike. Enye mkhuba ucacisa kuphambuka lobukho zezinye izithethe namasiko. kwabantu, Russian ukholelwa ukuba izinto ezinxaxhileyo zivele ngenxa ukungalingani kwabantu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo yamaqela ngamnye lwentlalo. Elinye iqela izizathu kunxulumene kukwanda kwenani ezimbi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukugula ngengqondo, nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala.

iintlobo

Uhlobo engundoqo lokuziphatha okufana lulwaphulo-mthetho. Kwakhona, oko iintlobo zobunongogo kwaye likhoboka neziyobisi. Imvelaphi izifundo lwezenhlalo ulwaphulomthetho bubuxoki umsebenzi isazinzulu Russian UHerman. A igalelo elibalulekileyo kuzo wenza eThintelweyo Franco-Belgia Quetelet. Last Ndafika kwisigqibo sokuba nayiphi na inkqubo loluntu busenza ukuba ubukho mthetho. Ukususa kubo ngokupheleleyo akunakwenzeka, kungagcinwa kuphela phantsi kolawulo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ekukhuleni ulwaphulo eRashiya gqitha na kutshintsho lwezoqoqosho emarikeni.

Kangangexesha likhoboka elide kwi-USSR yayigqalwa ingxaki kuphela kumazwe zongxowankulu. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto bephika ukubaluleka kwayo eRashiya wanamhla. vo zibonisa ukuba oyena nobangela lokusetyenziswa isiyobisi ukunxanelwa namava amatsha. Kungenxa kwiimeko ezininzi zabantu abatsha abangamaxhoba eziyobisi phantsi kwempembelelo abahlobo kunye nezihlobo. Uluntu lwanamhlanje ingcono kakhulu elwazini malunga neziphumo zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, uninzi lwabaphenduli ukubaphatha kakubi kuzo.

Olunye uhlobo lokuziphatha okufana uyahenyuza. It isuka ngokwahlulwa kwezentlalo ngemigudu kunye nophuhliso nomfazi. Nkqu ngamaXesha Aphakathi ibandla kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukubeka up le meko. Kukho umgaqo ezintathu eziphambili malunga zobunongogo: Ukuthintelwa (prohibitionism), ukubhaliswa kunye yokucupha zonyango (ulawulo) nasekuphumezeni umsebenzi othintelo (abolitionism). Iifom ezimbini zokuqala kubonakalise ukuba angasebenzi. amava yembali ibonisa ukuba utshintshwano ezinzileyo kwezentlalo ngokomoya kuphela ukusombulula le ngxaki eluntwini.

Deviance nokungalaleli

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucacisa ngoko nangoko ukuba la magama zimbini elilingana ngokupheleleyo. Bathi omnye komnye lilonke nezibilini zayo. Nawuphi na ukuziphatha okufana into etenxileyo, kodwa hayi zonke ecaleni - lulwaphulo-mthetho. Konke kuxhomekeke imithetho esebenza kweli lizwe. ngendlela etenxileyo uba okufana kuphela phantsi kwempembelelo ngurhulumente umntu imizimba yawo ezizodwa esweni ukuphunyezwa kwemimiselo olusesikweni.

nokungalaleli elivisayo

ixesha lenguqu kube nzima. Oku uchaza yonke yobunzima kweli phakade. Ngeli xesha uhlobo ukwakhiwa. Ulutsha nokungalaleli luqala truancy yesikolo, kalweni ezincinane. imbangela Its yemfundo isoloko iintsilelo kunye neengxaki entsatsheni. Ngamanye amaxesha oko kungenziwa ezinxulumene psychopathology kunye nendalo engaqhelekanga, nto leyo musa ukuvumela ukuya nabanye abantwana, apho bekuhleli ndlongo.