Borisov-Musatov, igcisa. Biography. indalo

Borisov-Musatov - igama emangalisayo, kukho uhlobo igcisa Russian, imisebenzi zabiwa ukuluqonda. Idla ngokuba "imvumi Noble Nest". Omnye Ungadibanisa "imvumi Lilac" - ngoko yena Intle phezu canvases bakhe, yaye ngoko ke kakhulu kuyo - oko kunokubonwa imizobo ezifana "Self-mfanekiso nodade", "Spring", "May Flowers".

ummeli Silver Age Silver

Ubuchule yalo inkosi, ummeli ilungileyo edume yesikolo art iVolga, libhekisela imiqondiso, gxebe, ukuba sikwinqanaba yesibini. Painter Borisov-Musatov yinxalenye kwabeMi amagcisa okhanyayo iSilver Age. Imiqolo Anna Akhmatova "... Isilivere ngenyanga eqaqambileyo Silver Age emkhenkceni ...", nto leyo wamnika igama eli xesha, ofanelwe kakhulu imizobo wegcisa. Beauty, ngokucacile, uxolo nokuzola ...

Ukuvela amagama adumileyo

Ngubani na yena - USEBENZE Borisov-Musatov? I-inishiyali igama patronymic wegcisa limele Victor Elpidiforovich. igama likayise Onge olwenzeka yayo kwimbali Russian emkhosini - ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, eziliqela umpu-iinqanawa bayithwala igama.

Aprili 2, 1870 umsebenzi kaloliwe Elpidifor Borisovich Musatov waba nguyise, yena wazalwa umfana. Le artist elizayo wayeyoliswa kakhulu usapho, ingakumbi utatomkhulu wakhe, ubuntu eqaqambileyo obungaqhelekanga, ngoko neqhayiya ngaye, ukuba, ngegama lakhe - Boris - uyamthabatha ziqaliswe kwigama generic Musatov. Ngenxa yoko, ihlabathi uyazi umzobi, ogama - Borisov-Musatov.

call Roll ixesha

Kakade ke, unako ukuphila kwenkulungwane wayengazi ngale wizard emangalisayo. Kodwa ukuba uye wabona umfanekiso wakhe, yaye emva enqwenelekayo (nto leyo kakhulu, nje 77 - ubomi womzobi wayemfutshane), ukuba elikhunjulwa ngonaphakade, esishiya umphefumlo umkhondo efanayo ukuba ezinye imisebenzi Turgenev, ihlabathi ezukisiwe ungunyana wabanumzana yephondo. UViktor Borisov-Musatov wayengenguye umbhali owayephila buchopho. Abanye abagxeki baye bammangalela bethi yokudweba kwi nokudlalisa zezenzo. Kodwa imisebenzi ezifana "Nest Noble", "Asia", imizobo wegcisa - "Pond," "Ilindele abamenyiweyo," "Ukuba Wedwa" - la imifanekiso kakuhle. Iingcali bayibiza umsebenzi lwemizobo, elegies.

I engozini

Le artist ukususela ebuntwaneni angqongwe luthando, nto leyo eyamnceda ukuba babe nomsindo kwaye zikhula umntu nice kwaye enobubele. Wayesoloko engqongwe ngabantu novelwano kuye. Ingozi emasikizi eyenzeke kuye eneminyaka seminyaka emithathu - wawa kwesitulo, kwaye ngenxa yokwenzakala spinal kwi Viti encinane yaqalisa ukukhula idolo - ukuvuthela ngokwenene impilo benkwenkwe leyo. Kamva Borisov-Musatov, ogama engobomi bufutshane kangaka, Andikwazanga ngenxa yemozulu embi ukugqiba eSt Petersburg Academy of Art.

Le amaza ubuchule kuqala

Boy uzama ukupeyinta kunye neminyaka emi-6, 14 ekugqibeleni ugqiba ukuba umculi, yaye ngowe-1886 waba ngumfundi a studio yabucala Peredvizhnik V. V. Konovalova. Lokubandakanyeka iminyaka 4, ngaxeshanye ukuya isikolo seCawe N. Ananiev. Emva kokuphumelela uqeqesho esikolweni ngo-1898, uyaqhubeka ukufumana ulwazi kweli istudiyo Saratov uluntu bathanda imizobo.

E Saratov, iziko umrhwebi enkulu (kwakusazeka ukuba abathengisi kubathengi), waba ingqokelela elungileyo kakhulu yobugcisa yehlabathi. umdali wethu oselula rhoqo waza wathabatha izifundo ukusuka ukutyelela artist Italian G. Barakki. Ngenxa yoko, Borisov-Musatov lubekhona ngempumelelo indlela umzobo zemfundo. Ngo-1898 nayo omnye imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, liyalondolozwa kule mini, elihle, ebhalwe ngocoselelo phandle chithi romance umfanekiso "window."

Ekuqaleni uqeqesho kakhulu

Ukususela ngo-1890, Borisov-Musatov - umfundi Moscow Art School. Kodwa ukuzama ukufunda kangangoko ubuchule enkulu kunokwenzeka, waya eSt Petersburg, xa iklasi ka P. P. Chistyakova. Ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene Borisov-Musatov wabuyela eMoscow, apho ngo-1893 ufunda evela V. D. Polenova. Kwiinzame bafezeke ngakumbi, wegcisa 1895, waya eParis waza wangena kwisikolo sabucala ebizwa ngokuba "Atelier Cormon." Impi yakhe wayengumzobi odumileyo French uFernand Cormon, yanikezelwa ngowama-1880 ngomsebenzi wakhe iButho Ukuhlonipha, yaye ngowe-1898 kwakhokelela isiFrentshi National School of Arts Fine. Nesikolo sakhe yabucala ngabapeyinti Russian batyelela Roerich noIsake Batyukov.

Paris period

E Paris, Borisov-Musatov yaba Imizobo wothuka of Puvis de Chavannes, lo symbolist French, apho kumasifundisane ibe ngumfundi akaba nako ukungena apho. Kakade ke, ngoxa wakhe kweli ziko hlabathi-recognised institution of art ngomzobi Russian wayengenakuba beyazi imisebenzi Impressionists kunye Post-Impressionists. kakhulu kuye kwacaca ukuba creative Auguste Renoir, uPawulos Gauguin kunye Berthe Morisot. Yintoni pretty umfanekiso epeyintwe ngeli xesha, "Ikhaphetshu kunye willow!" Njengoko siyohlala umsebenzi Impressionists! Kodwa olusondeleyo kakhulu kwaye Tune iba iqela umfanekiso-panels symbolist "Nabis" (eliguqulelwa ngokuthi ukusuka lesiHebhere "umprofeti esinyuliweyo '- ngoko ngokuthozama ababezibiza nabid). Wawuhlanganisa Pol Seryuze (umphathi), Per Bonnar, noEduard Vyuyar kunye Moris Deni.

Yase - isiseko yokudweba

Iginya zonke iindlela zale mihla, ezisekelwe phezu izithethe bezobugcisa ezindala, Victor Borisov-Musatov, ogama imizobo zibonisa oku interpenetration, liphuhlise ngokwayo, indlela yayo selo yokubhala. Kakade ke, njengazo zonke amagcisa zehlabathi, oku Louvre ukufunda imisebenzi abaculi abaziwayo. idol yakhe uLeonardo da Vinci, leyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, njengoko nabani na ongomnye, ikwazile ukugcina sfumato (izithunzi ngaphaya). Ngokutsho ayephila, ngomzobi Russian zange Sahlukana enomfanekiso "Mona Lisa".

Kodwa inkoliso yonke imifanekiso Borisov-Musatov saphenjelelwa buchopho Renaissance Italian ezifana fra Angelico and re Bottichelli. Ngomhla umsebenzi umntu abanetalente ngokuphelele eyale ngobugcisa okuphila, ayikwazanga kodwa kuchaphazela imisebenzi abameli besi sikolo enkulu yelo - Tintoretto, titian kunye Veronese. kamva Ezinye mizobo ebhaliweyo Borisov-Musatov phantsi umbono, njengokwenziwa Italian (kwi umzobo irhabaxa isicelo temperroy).

Amazing

Enye Imizobo yokuqala wegcisa wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe baqalisa ukupeyinta "Self-mfanekiso udade wayo," apho uzama okokuqala ukunikela mfundiso yakhe yokudala - umfanekiso ihlabathi lokwenene wamhle echo elidlulileyo adlulileyo. Imizobo yakhe, ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, luzele ubomi kukhafula of Eyokuqiqa. Kuba indalo le "ngemiqamelo", nto leyo wakhonza njengomzekelo zonke dade Elena, lo mboniso le Moscow Association of AmaGcisa Borisov-Musatov yena eyanikwayo ngo-1902.

Ukumela ngokupheleleyo umfanekiso jikelele amazwe, amaxesha kunye namagcisa ziye zaba nempembelelo ukuyilwa Credo bezobugcisa igcisa, singasathethi ke omkhulu FS Rokotoff, kwakunye kushicilelwa Japanese, nto leyo athandwa kakhulu kweli xesha Russian Art Nouveau.

Formation kwezakhono

Emva kokuba "Self-mfanekiso dade" isibini lwemifanekiso, umzekelo 'isizathu Autumn "yaye" ngokuvumelana ", iingcali ungasibaleli ukungaphumeleli yombhali - zikhangeleka ngathi yeqonga aluhlaza costumed. Ekuqaleni le XX kwinkulungwane Borisov-Musatov, ogama engobomi kukuthi, ngelishwa, sele isondela esiphelweni, ndandonwabile ngokukhethekileyo. E Saratov, waba kwisikolo abaculi efana-nye ababonisa umsebenzi wabo ngowe-1904 kulo mboniso "Ebomvu Rose". Ezi ziquka Kuznetsov, A. Matveev, M. Matyushin, Utkin kunye Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. Ngeli xesha ke aba kakhulu noAndreya White kunye Valeriem Bryusovym. Banikezela mizobo kumjikelo Borisov-Musatov ngayo kwimibongo. Malunga ukuzalana neembongi adumileyo iSilver Age inokubonwa kwinqaku Kubala ngu Andrei Bely bazinikela Borisov-Musatov, "Mauve nezidanga."

Iminyaka kunazo

Ngowe-1903, igcisa watshata soratnitse wakhe Elene Aleksandrovoy, umfazi onothando, owaba umhlobo wakhe, Ndithelekelele nonina wazalwa ngo-1904, intombi ka Marianne. Le mizobo ezi yobuciko le minyaka. Asanda kancinane, kodwa igcisa elaziwa emhlabeni. Izinto zihamba njani, yena ngamandla anako isebenza ngokuzoba 6-7 ucingela ukuba unyaka. Intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Podolsk, kodwa ehlotyeni lusoloko luqhutywa lizwe Tarusa. Umzobi ngokwakhe, echaza ubomi bakhe kunye nomsebenzi ngelo xesha, wathi uhlala umhlaba amaphupho kunye neminqweno "phakathi Ashera ezinde, dozed wemka apho inkungu ubuthongo yasekwindla."

Le mizobo kakhulu elihle

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka yemizobo, nto leyo 1901 wabhala Borisov-Musatov. "Spring" kukholelwa ukuba ziphawulwe ukuqala ixesha elitsha kumsebenzi womzobi. Kuyinto ulahlekane engekho ngokupheleleyo. Kuyo omnye biographers pre-revolution ithi ngokupheleleyo "isiqalelo engekhoyo yaba yimbali" apho. Ubuchule Borisov-Musatov Lowo ngumongo bonke ... yena - ". Isandi yokugqibela ngoncuthu ngamabona zikude, nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha namhlanje"

Iingcali, enkosi ukuqhubeka uncuthu lwengoma, uthelekise Wagner. Painting "yimbumba", "Pond", "Requiem" (le yokugqibela luzinikele ukufa mbilini umhlobo umfazi Hope Stanyukevich ekupheleni umbhali) makhulu ezintle.

Ukufa ubeka yonke endaweni yayo

Kodwa ke, njengokuba kusoloko kunjalo, ukuvunywa lokwenene emva kokufa. Le artist wafa ngesiquphe ngehlobo lowe-1905 kweli lizwe Tarusa. Wayengenguye ubudala, kodwa imisebenzi emininzi esibuhlungu ayikwazanga kodwa kuchaphazela impilo. Borisov-Musatov wangcwatywa apha Tarus intanda yakhe, phezu kodonga ephakamileyo Oka. Ngowe-1907 ivula mboniso "Blue Rose", nto leyo wamnika igama Andrei Bely, kwaye undoqo kuzo ngabameli yokusingqongileyo ngoko nangoko Borisov-Musatov, nokwazeka njengenkokeli yabo yeengcinga. Umfanekiso zapapashwa kunye nemiboniso zaye zabanjwa kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, omnye mizobo bathenga Andre Zhid - inkwenkwezi kwimpucuko French. Kakade ke, umsebenzi wakhe nempembelelo umsebenzi amagcisa ezilandelayo, ingakumbi avant-garde.