Obude. I-Red Book of Russia

Amakhowa ibaluleke kakhulu eziphilayo. Ukongeza, ukuba bazibandakanye ukuhamba kwezinto, ukucazulula iintsalela zezityalo nezilwanyana, fungi i zimbiwa exabisekileyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo relationship, ingakumbi Basidiomycetes.

Amakhowa Red Book. Overview

Kude kube kamva nje, ukuba microflora ke zingaqondwa kakuhle, fungi eziqhotyoshelwe ixabiso elincinane, kunye neefom engqongqo accounting azizange igcinwe. Ukongeza ulwahlulohlulo eyaziwayo eziphilayo, kunye nezinye akadliwa: ezityiwayo, non-ezityiwayo, eziyityhefu, amayeza, ehlathini izitshabalalisi kunye nezityalo kunye nabanye.

Rare mushrooms Red ncwadi ehlola kwi "Plants". Wawuhlanganisa iintlobo-17 zomngundo.

Grifola frondosa (ngundo-yemvu yingxubuwa foliose) sparassis crispa (Kwamakhowa ikhaphetshu), mutinus ravenelii, Cortinarius violaceus, Rogatik pistillate (Rogatik claviform) gyroporus nezompleyini (kashtanovik okanye nezompleyini mushroom), Aspen emhlophe umphambili Duplicatus (Diktiofora kabini), porphyrellus lozhnoberezovikovy, mushroom isambrela girlish, strobilomyces strobilaceus, yingxubuwa branched (Grifola iambrela) gyroporus bamantshontsho (Ukwaphuka), staghorn BlackBerry (Gorizia nekorale) clathrus ruber (ebomvu Klatrus), Amanita shishkoobrazny, Mu Tinus dog

Basidiomycetes engenazakhiwo ekhethekileyo imisebenzi imbambano - basidia. Njengoko kubonakala ukusuka kuluhlu, zonke amakhowa ebhaliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu, yiya kuphela eklasini enye - agaricomycetes. fungi kuphela eziphezulu kuluhlu.

Ngezantsi kokuba thaca inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kwezinye iintlobo.

Boletus white (Leccinum percandidum)

Ibhekisela kwiSebe Basidiomycetes, le agaricomycetes iklasi.

Noko ke, olu ngundo, wangena eNcwadini oluBomvu, ekuthiwa Osinovik emhlophe. Efana Aspen elibomvu eqhelekileyo, kodwa umnqwazi emhlophe.

Cap besukelana 25 cm, umlenze emhlophe, a ezantsi eqinileyo - clavate. Umaleko tubular idla ezimhlophe, ukuze elityheli kancinane.

Aspen likhula mixed nompleyini kunye nespruce amahlathi.

Oku kunokubonwa kwi ico, ingakumbi kwimimandla Murmansk, eMoscow naseLeningrad ye-Russian Federation. Kuyinto inqabile - isimo 3R.

Fruiting iqala phakathi ku-Julayi ne-Agasti.

Le mushroom ayinakutyiwa kunye nenyama okunencasa, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngundo i Incwadi oluBomvu, ngoko ke asikwazi ukuqoqa.

Mushroom-Gnostic intombi (Macrolepiota puellaris)

Ibhekisela kwiSebe Basidiomycetes, le agaricomycetes iklasi.

Le ngundo fanele ukuba champignon usapho, ngoko ayinakutyiwa.

Cap ezimhlophe zibhityile, unako ukufikelela 10 cm ubukhulu. Le elisisiqu ibhityile kakhulu, kodwa phezulu - ukuya kwi-16 cm.

Le ngundo ukhula emancamini behlathi ephikisanayo kunye nehlathi pine Julayi-Septemba. Ngokusisiseko, ubukhula mnye, akufane - amaqela. Izakufunyanwa lonke Eurasia. Kuyinto inqabile - isimo 3R.

Mutinus caninus (lat. Mutinus caninus)

Libhekisela kwisebe lo basidiomycota ukuya agaricomycetes eklasini.

Umngundo i side kunye umnqwazi wobulali. ubude umzimba iziqhamo yi-18 cm, ubukhulu umlenze 1.5 cm. Ngexesha nokwanda ngundo ukuba waphula kwaye ubhenca incam phezulu baluthuthu epinki.

A mushroom ezinqabileyo - status 3R, ikhula eYurophu nakuMntla Melika. Oku kunokubonwa ehlathini coniferous, ubukhulu becala iinkuni ezimbalwa, kunqabile yedwa. Uyakuthanda ukuba akhule nge snags ezibolileyo, kwizikhondo ezibolileyo, kwimbuphu yesarha.

Umngundo a, hayi ivumba mnandi kakhulu ezithile etsala izinambuzane. Xa qongqothwane okanye iimpukane ezindidlayo yinxalenye ngundo - Gleb, iqalisa ukubola ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, zingaphelanga iintsuku ezi-3-4 ukusuka Mutinusa nto ihleli.

Le mushroom ayinakutyiwa, kodwa kuphela xa alikafiki ivuthiwe - in iqokobhe eqandeni.

Amanita shishkoobrazny (Amanita strobiliformis)

Sekunjalo, le ngundo ubizwa ngokuba "Amanita pineal".

Libhekisela kwisebe lo basidiomycota ukuya agaricomycetes eklasini.

Olu hlobo of mushroom abe umnqwazi ubudeki emhlophe-18 cm, isiqu ukuphakama ezimhlophe 15-20 cm.

Ngomhla kummandla ico eziqhelekileyo Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Estonia, Georgia, eRashiya kuphela kummandla Belgorod. Oku kunokubonwa emahlathini axutywe imithi ezifana Linden, beech, oki, ekubeni Amanita na eziphila kuzo.

Fruiting iqala ngo-Agasti nangoSeptemba.

Ezi amakhowa zinqabile Red Book, ngokuba iimeko unzima kakhulu yokusingqongileyo (amaqondo obushushu kunye nomhlaba).

mushroom enetyhefu.

Umphambili Duplicatus (Dictiophora duplicata)

Elinye igama - Diktiofora kabini okanye setkonoska.

Libhekisela kwisebe lo basidiomycota ukuya agaricomycetes eklasini.

Mushroom into efanayo ukuba mutinus caninus ngenxa Ku fanele ku sodidi efanayo - Veselka.

intloko nowobulali limnyama, umbala omnyama ingwevu xa ivuthiwe ngokupheleleyo. umzimba isithelo side ukuya ububanzi of-5 cm kunye nombala wayo kuyahlukana nedlela ixesha ekukhuleni.

It ekhula kumhlaba kakuhle amanzi, kunye kubola zibangele, maxa wambi bengamaqela. Setkonosku zingafunyanwa kummandla eMoscow, Belarus kunye neenxalenye Ukraine.

Diktiofora yinto ngundo ezityiwayo, kodwa kuphela ngexesha xa kodwa kuvele iqokobhe yeqanda. Oku kusetyenziswa amayeza abantu ukuba inani izifo.

Njengoko kubonakala, amakhowa Red Book azikho nje ezityiwayo, kodwa ngobubi kunye enetyhefu.