Yalelani Govorov Z Aleksandrovich: biography, amabhaso

Z Govorov wayengomnye ngqwayi ezigqamileyo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Wathatha iimfazwe nxamnye amaJamani kwilizwe liphela, yaye ngowe-1944 bakhululwa Umsebenzi Karelia eFinland. Ngokuba kokufaneleka kwakhe eziliqela Govorov wafumana isihloko Marshal eSoviet Union.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

I Marshal elizayo eSoviet Union Govorov Z Aleksandrovich wazalwa Februwari 22, 1897 kwiphondo Vyatka - egumbini elikude lebhere yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Butyrka (ndawo yakubo) kwaba idolophu oqhelekileyo yephondo. ubomi Military sifana kakhulu ubomi oontanga bakhe, ulutsha kunye abaselula leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, revolution kunye yoluntu.

Childhood Z Govorov eyayibanjelwe e Yelabuga, apho utata wakhe wayesebenza umabhalane. Ngowe-1916, ityendyana waphumelela kwisikolo yobugcisa, wada wangena Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Noko ke, kule kaDisemba efanayo awathunyelwa emkhosini. Yaba kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Okokuqala, kwaye urhulumente itsalwa ngasemva lwabasebenzi yakutshanje. Emva kokuba February Revolution, Z Govorov wafumana iwonga elitsha. Lieutenant kumkhosi Russian badibana ngo-Oktobha 1917. Weza amandla, kwiBolsheviks asayina isivumelwano soxolo ne eJamani, yaye inkoliso mkhosi exhaphaza. ULieutenant wabuyela Yelabuga abazali.

impi yombango

Ekwindla 1918, Govorov Z Aleksandrovich wajoyina i- White Army. Ngeli xesha, ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe kwaba phantsi kolawulo abaxhasi Kolchak. Igosa wathabatha inxaxheba kwinqanaba lohlaselo emthonjeni abelungu. Walwa kufuphi Ufa, eChelyabinsk e Western eSiberia. Kungekudala Kolchak waqalisa baleka ukuya ngasempuma. NgoNovemba 1919, States eyeke. NgoJanuwari, waba elihamba Division 51th ye-Red Army.

Kukho Govorov Z Aleksandrovich wadibana elinye elizayo Marshal - Vasiliem Blyuherom. Ngowe-1919 wathi lo th kakhulu 51 zamabutho Division, kwaye ngexesha ingcinezelo kaStalin wadutyulwa. Phantsi Blucher Govorov mazamkelwe nomkhosi ukhokelo zokudubula. Xa lokugqibela Inqanaba kweMfazwe Civil, elinye elizayo wabonakala Ukraine apho uhlala iqela lokugqibela enkulu wabamhlophe. Yaba umkhosi Wrangel. Xa izimpi 1920 Govorov Z Aleksandrovich wafumana amanxeba ezimbini - enye phantsi Kakhovka, ngakumbi kwindawo Antonovka.

ixesha loxolo

Emva kokugqiba i-War Civil, Z Govorov weza ukuhlala nokusebenza Ukraine. Ngowe-1923 wamiselwa umthetheli-zokudubula ka 51 elihamba Division Perekopskaya. umsebenzi kwakhe okwalandela emkhosini kwenzeka ngokunika uqeqesho lomsebenzi. Ngowe-1933 Govorov waphumelela kwizifundo zenqanaba le Frunze Military Academy. Kodwa akuzange bonke. Ukufunda ulwimi waseJamani kwaye abaphumelela iimviwo ezifanelekileyo, waba ngumguquleli yasemkhosini. Ngowe-1936 emkhosini wangena Academy esanda kuvulwa le abasebenzi Jikelele, nje phambi kokuba ufumene isikhundla izicima alimwi. Emva kokuba egqibe uqeqesho, waqala ukufundisa kwi zokudubula Academy ogama emva Dzerzhinsky.

Ngowe-1940 imfazwe eFinland. Govorov wamiselwa abaziintloko labasebenzi zokudubula kwi 7 Army. Wathabatha inxaxheba iimfazwe kwi Karelian Isthmus. Umphathi brigade wayelungiselela idabi sisuswa Finnish Mannerheim Line. Emva kokuba nokusayinwa woxolo yena uMajor-Jikelele zokudubula.

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

Phambi kokubhiyozela IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, Z Govorov wamiselwa intloko zokudubula Academy ogama emva Dzerzhinsky, koko kutshanje iziqu. Kamsinya nje lohlaselo yaseJamani yaqala, yena wathunyelwa ukukhokela zokudubula of the Western Front. Kwakufuneka kusebenza imiqathango disorganization bomkhosi, ukunqongophala koqhagamshelwano kunye utshaba blitzkrieg. zokudubula Western Front kwakungekho ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo. Isiphithiphithi seenyanga zokuqala zemfazwe azivumelekanga ukuba ayeke amaJamani e Belarus okanye Ukraine.

NgoJulayi 30, ukuze Govorov wavuma ukuba zokudubula ye-Reserve Front. waqala uMajor-Jikelele ukuze aququzelele imisebenzi sakulukhusela kwi esqwini central ye ye Wehrmacht. Yaba nguye ababebhala balwe Yelnia. September 6 isixeko akhululwa. Nangona le mpumelelo yaba yethutyana, akabandulula lihlaleni ixesha. AmaJamani isemanzini kummandla ESmolensk kangangeenyanga ezimbini, ngenxa ezibe ngaphandle eMoscow ebusika kuphela.

Ukulwa kufuphi Moscow

Ekuqaleni Oktobha, yena uthi wayesendleleni Mozhaisk kumgca ukuziphendulela le, belungiselela iziseko zayo. 15 inani elimele nguDmitry Lelyushenko wathabatha umyalelo we-5 Army Combined yeziXhobo. Le indima edlalwa ekuqeshweni Georgy zhukov, ngubani uyisayine umyalelo ahambelanayo. Le ukubunjwa kwabangela imfazwe anegazi sakulukhusela kufuphi Borodino. October 18 ngenxa abachasi ikhefu bathi Bet eqinisekile ukuba oko kuyimfuneko ukushiya umzi. ukulibala kungakhokelela kokusingqongileyo wonke umkhosi. Wamkelekile wanikwa. Amajoni lweMedia.

Ekuqaleni November, the Army 5 wamisa Uyalwa ekwimimandla emelene eMoscow. Ukulwa apha ngekhilomitha nganye. amabutho Soviet ixhaswa zokudubula kunye anti-tank iiyunithi zemenyu. Nihlala phezu ongaphandle kweengqukuva, Red Army waqala ukulungisa sokubala uxambuliswano kufuphi eMoscow. November 9, Z Govorov waba sombutho-jikelele.

Le elibalulekileyo weza ngomhla woku-1 kuDisemba, xa amaJamani bakwazi ukuba atyhudise ngaphambili kwisiza awayephantsi 5 Army. Zokudubula umphathi ngokobuqu waqondisa ukuziphendulela. Iintshaba wakwazi ukuhamba iikhilomitha ezili-10 kuphela yaye lehla kungekudala. Disemba 5th ekuqaleni weSoviet counter uxambuliswano e Moscow.

ukuqeshwa entsha

Ngo-Apreli 1942, Z Govorov gqaba abaphumileyo ukuze ngenxa ngokuhlaselwa nokoyika appendicitis. Xa intloko 5 Army wayo wema Ivan Fedyuninsky. April 25, ifunyanwe Govorov wafumana isabelo esitsha. Waya Leningrad ngaphambili, babeyalwa ngako yi iqela olunzulu imikhosi Soviet (sahlanganisa 55, 42th kunye 23th Army). Ukuba kwindawo entsha, uLieutenant-Jikelele kunye nenzondelelo ethile waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe.

Wadala ukusuka ekuqaleni iLeningrad zokudubula lweSizwe, yenzelwe sokubala-ibhetri ekulweni. Ngenxa yengcinezelo umphathi ngaphambili wafika kunye amaqela moya fresh omtsha. Kwi Iindlela iLeningrad Govorov Z Aleksandrovich (1897-1955) udale iindawo intsimi enqatyisiweyo ezintsha ezintlanu. Baye babe yinxalenye inkqubo imisele eziqhubekayo. babekwa Baye bagqiba nje nge ngomatshini-umpu kunye zokudubula ithathele. Ukukhuselwa ngcono iLeningrad phambi reserve kwasekwa. Uthi izigqibo zayo ekhokelwa yi amava atyebileyo okongezeleke umlo kufuphi eMoscow. Kuyinto ingqalelo ngokukodwa ekudaleni iiyunithi isithintelo, amaqela mobile kunye nezinye iiyunithi zokusebenza.

Main zokudubula Directorate ye-Red Army waqala ukunika isixeko kunye projectiles ezinkulu-abanjalo. Oku bavumelekile ukuqalisa ukutshatyalaliswa iibhetri zokungqinga utshaba, yenza umonakalo ezininzi nezakhiwo kunye nabahlali. Govorov kwafuneka ngaxeshanye ukusombulula iingxaki ezimbini. Kwelinye icala, kwafuneka ukuba balungelelanise wokhuselo kwaye ucinge ngokuqhawula yaye kuvalwe, kunye nezinye umthetheli wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze ancede abantu yindlala ka eLeningrad.

Red Army izama kkuba amaJamani ukusuka kummandla eLeningrad akuphumelelanga. Ngenxa yoku, Michael Khozin (umphathi ngaphambili) umnakekeli ofisi yakhe. Endaweni yakhe waqeshwa Z Govorov. Zonke ngokusebenzisa ngehlobo lika 1942 walungisa Neva iqela lokusebenza kunye nomkhosi 55 ukuya Sinyavskaya ekhubekisayo. Noko ke, ekwindla, kwacaca ukuba yiSoviet Army kwingingqi nje abanayo amandla ukucima iindlela ukuya eLeningrad (le njongo ephambili yeqhinga isiganeko). October 1, Govorov wayalelwa ukuba emke kwizikhundla zabo yokuqala. Esi sigqibo senziwe kwikomkhulu emva kwengxoxo kakhulu. Noko ke, "ukulwa lobulali" baqhubeka. Ngoko iingxelo babebizwa inyathelo abasakhasayo. Abazange ukutshintsha imeko ngaphambili, kodwa ngokuphawulekayo enxibe phantsi kotshaba ebanjwe emingxunyeni kude kwilizwe labo. Xa Govorovo Leningrad yahlulwe kumacandelo. Ngamnye kubo amabutho esisigxina. amaqela silwe eziye eqalisiweyo mveliso, angena ithathele.

Iinzame ukuphula ukuqapha

Artilleryman ngokuqeqesha, Govorov waba ziyisebenzise bomkhosi, olu sapho lwaluquka ngamatutu zonke iintlobo kunokwenzeka. Kodwa le nto ayizange imthintele ngokukhawuleza bangene ujingi yezinto. Wakwazi ngokukhawuleza ukuhlola imeko yaye esazi ngentloko indawo ezaxhobela Soviet kunye nesiJamani na ngaphambili. Z Govorov wayesoloko waliphulaphula ngenyameko abasebenzi abaphantsi kwakhe, akazange ukubaphazamisa kubo, ke, yaye akazange ayithande le verbiage engenanto. Wayeyindoda luma self-umbutho, kufunwe enye evela kwabanye. ELeningrad ikomkhulu umlinganiswa enjalo ebizwa ngokuba ukuhloniphana mabaziphathe. iintloko Party (Zhdanov, Kuznetsov, kunye Shtykov t. D.) ezinyangiweyo kuye ngentlonipho.

NgoJanuwari 1943, phambi iLeningrad wachukumiseka kwakhona. Januwari 18 ukuvimba ring sichithakele capital Northern. Yenza kube imibulelo ukuba ezimbini Isibali-Njengokungeniswa Volkhov (phantsi umyalelo Kirilla Meretskova) kunye fronts iLeningrad (umthetho yi Z Govorov). utshaba gidi yahlukana, yaye amajoni Soviet badibana kumzantsi Lake Ladoga.

Kwanangaphambi kokuba idabi lokugqibela ukuqapha Govorov wafumana isikhundla ye sikhulu jikelele. Ngehlobo lowe-1943 i-Army 67, umthetho ngawo, wathabatha inxaxheba msebenzi Iiklip. Injongo yayo likwazi ukumisela ulawulo phezu laseKirov zikaloliwe kumzantsi Lake Ladoga. Ukuba unxibelelwano bekhululwa amaJamani, iLeningrad ukuba ijelo ezithembekileyo elula zonxibelelwano kunye nabanye lizwe. Yaba ukulwa enzima. amajoni Soviet ngenxa yokunqongophala imikhosi ababanga nako ukwenza yonke imisebenzi, ibe ekwindla Imixholo Buze zahlala zilolo hlobo zazilulo. Noko ke, ixesha usebenzela lo Red Army kunye Wehrmacht phantsi ubunzima luyanda.

Nokukhululwa eLeningrad

Ekuqaleni kowe-1943, irhafu baqala amalungiselelo e iLeningrad-Novgorod ekhubekisayo entsha. Novemba 17 Z Govorov waba Jikelele Army. Ekuqaleni kuka-1944, imikhosi phantsi kolawulo lwakhe waphuncuka eziphumelela utshaba ngeenxa eLeningrad. January 27 iiyunithi aseJamani babesele malunga neekhilomitha ezilikhulu ukusuka esixekweni. Le kwafa kwasuswa ngenqindi phantsi. Ngosuku olufanayo egameni Govorov Stalin wanika ukuze baqhube imisebenzi kwisixeko akhululwe.

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lo mbhiyozo waba kancinci. Ngokukhawuleza abuyele umsebenzi wakhe, Z Govorov wakhokelela nabaphumi-iLeningrad eziphambili ngakwicala Narva. NgoFebruwari, i-Red Army awela umlambo. Ngu counteroffensive entwasahlobo phambili ukuya ayi-250. It wakhululwa phantse yonke eLeningrad, ngokunjalo ezinye esibizwa eselumelwaneni.

Lokulwa ne eFinland

Juni 10 imikhosi Front bathunyelwa ukuya emntla ngokusebenza Vyborg-Petrozavodsk. Ummangali iphambili kweli cala kwaba eFinland. I-Ikomkhulu bafuna ukuba uyeke kwesi ally imfazwe Empire. Nezendawo yaqala ukusebenza yobuqhophololo kushenxa zokwalatha. Ngomhla olwandulela nobukrelekrele Finnish kulandelelwa impembelelo yoqeqesho kummandla Narva. Ngelo xesha, wenqanawa eSoviet wayesele bushe 21 Ibutho le Karelian Isthmus. Ngokuba utshaba, le nibethe yaba yinto epheleleyo.

Kwakhona, phambi kokuba ekuqaleni Govorov wayalela ukuba ukuqhuba uqeqesho zokudubula kunye nothotho zogwayimbo moya. Kwiintsuku ezilishumi ezayo, iingalo iLeningrad ngaphambili waphuncuka imigca ezintathu lokuziphendulela endaweni nimlahle Mannerheim Line, leyo yakhiwa ngexesha umsebenzi. Z Govorov inxaxheba emfazweni eSoviet-Finnish ka-1939-1940. Wayesazi ndawo ingakumbi umkhosi yotshaba.

Advance ngokukhawuleza Red Army kwaba kwinkululeko Vyborg Juni 20, 1944. Kwiintsuku ezimbini phambi koko, Z Govorov waba Marshal eSoviet Union. Rank yaba kubonisa inani emkhosini. Wathabatha inxaxheba kumalungiselelo inani imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, ukuba alwe kuhlaselo ka amaJamani ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, uvikele eMoscow, iLeningrad, ekhulula ekugqibeleni balwa eFinland.

Emva kokuba ukubuyiselwa amandla yiSoviet e Vyborg imilo batshintshelwa Karelian Isthmus. Kwakukho phantse wonke umkhosi Finnish (60 amawaka abantu). Lohlaselo eSoviet wawunzima yi nemixawuka kwezi ndawo. iingozi Amanzi, amahlathi aluhlaza, ukungabikho kweendlela - konke oku kwadodobalisa phantsi ukukhululwa zirhuqwe. Okwanda iilahleko Red Army. Kulo mba, ngomhla we-12 Julayi Bet wamnika ukuze aye kwi ukuzithethelela. qhubela phambili waqhubeka Karelian imikhosi ngaphambili. NgoSeptemba, Finland wemka zemfazwe waza wajoyina Amanyeneyo '.

Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla ka-1944, Marshal Govorov iphuhlise imisebenzi e-Estonia wenkululeko. Ngo-Oktobha, naye yaququzelela imisebenzi imikhosi exhobileyo kwinkululeko Riga. Xa ikomkhulu Latvia yacocwa ka amaJamani, iintsalela zemikhosi Wehrmacht kumazwe eBaltic yayivalekile kwi Courland. Emuva eli qela savunywayo May 8, 1945.

emva kwemfazwe,

Loxolo, Z Govorov waqalisa ukuya kweyona kwizikhundla ephezulu ubunkokheli emkhosini. Waba injengele iLeningrad Military weSithili kunye ndingumthetheli Air lezoKhuselo. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, abantu abaye umntu ngokuhlanganisa ebalulekileyo. Ukongeza, i intsimbi wafumana izixhobo ezintsha (Jets fighter, imijukujelwa anti-moya, radars njalo njalo. D.). Ilizwe udale ikhaka kusithiwa NATO kunye US kuhlaselwa asakhulayo Cold War.

Ngowe-1952, le yokugqibela kaStalin XIX Congress of the CPSU, Z Govorov wonyulwa ilungu umgqatswa leKomiti Central. Ngo-1954 waqalisa ukudibanisa kwisithuba ingqwayi-Air wezoKhuselo kunye noSekela Mphathiswa wezoKhuselo eSoviet Union. Uxakekile yaye ntshikilelo kuchaphazeleke kakubi impilo umncedisi. Z Govorov, wafa Matshi 19, 1955 ukusuka uvukwe eholideyini Barvikha kweso sibhedlele.

Namhlanje, behlonipha Marshal ogama izitrato kwizixeko ezinkulu ze-USSR (eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa, laseKirov, seDonetsk, njalo njalo. D.). Qaphela ingakumbi siwazise imemori ngawo yangaphambili Leningrad kunye zokuthwala ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi kwenziwa phantsi kolwalathiso Govorov. On izakhiwo ezimbini babe umonakalo kunye park kwi Fontanka River ithiywe emva kwakhe. Ngowe-1999 zoqhankqalazo ndawo yaba lesikhumbuzo L. A. Govorovu.

bamxolele

Iminyaka yokulwa indlela Z Alexandrovich, kukhatshwa ezahlukeneyo iimbasa kunye ngeziqu. Ngowe-1921, emva kokuba amanxeba ezimbini elizayo Marshal Govorov wamkela IMbasa Red Banner. Ubezukile yena ngale mbasa ngenxa sobukhalipha nenkalipho ngexesha lokusebenza Perekop-ChONGARSKIJj xa Wrangel umkhosi ekugqibeleni wadlula eCrimea. Emva kokuba eSoviet-Finnish War Govorov wafumana IMbasa Red Star.

Kule mihla inzima kweMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu, xa amajoni Wehrmacht babemi kufuphi Moscow, ukuba Z Aleksandrovich wayengomnye iinkokheli ukuziphendulela eyinkunzi. November 10, 1941, ngomhla olwandulela counteroffensive, wamkela Order of Lenin. umvuzo elandelayo babemlindile emva ngokwaphula kuvalwe iindlela eLeningrad. Govorov Z Aleksandrovich, ogama engobomi na kwincwadi engobomi bomntu omnye aphantsi kweenjengele ezibalaseleyo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wamkela eziBekekileyo Order of Suvorov I isidanga.

Yena waba isandla kwimpumelelo ezininzi Red Army ngexesha inkululeko kummandla USSR abendlu umsebenzi we Wehrmacht. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba January 27, 1945 Marshal Govorov Z Aleksandrovich baba ngakumbi Hero eSoviet Union. Phakathi amabhaso bakhe une iimedali amaninzi ayanikezelwa ukuze kukhululwe okanye ukhuseleko kwizixeko ezikhulu.

Ngo-Meyi 31, 1945, emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokunikezelwa kweJamani, iGovorov yanikezwa iMyalelo woNqoba. Kulo lonke ixesha lokubakho kwalowo mqondiso wale ntlonelo, abantu abali-17 kuphela banikezelwa, okuqinisekileyo, kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwegalelo likaLeonid Alexandrovich ekunqothulweni kwamaNazi kwiMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba, ngaphezu kweSoviet, wathola amaxabiso angaphandle: uMyalelo weLegion of Honor (iFransi), kwakunye ne-American Order yeLegion of Respect.