History of Russia: iingaba War Civil

Kweli nqaku siza kujonga amanyathelo kweMfazwe Civil, kwaye ngoonobangela kunye neziphumo, unako ukufunda kwabanye.

War Civil eRashiya kwenzeka kwinkulungwane yama-20, phakathi kwamaqela ezahlukeneyo zentlalo, leyo likhokelwa kwiBolsheviks neentshaba zabo. Injongo kumacala omabini - ukumbamba amandla karhulumente. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho ukuvumelana malunga umhla kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe eRashiya. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi ku-Oktobha 1917, ngoxa abanye - entwasahlobo-ehlotyeni '18.

Amanqanaba yemfazwe yamakhaya eRashiya:

1. Isigaba sokuqala imfazwe yamakhaya yaqala ngoMeyi nangoNovemba ngo-'18 ekumisweni kwamaziko intshukumo ngokuchasene kwiBolsheviks. NgoFebruwari, e Petrograd (ngoku St. Petersburg) kunye eMoscow SRs amabutho kabini kunye Mensheviks sadalwa yi "Russian Ukuvuselelwa Union". NgoMatshi, kwakukho 'nokukhuselwa Union of Inkululeko looMawokhulu "ikhokelwa ngu B. V. Savinkova. Anti-yamaBolshevik intshukumo lasasazwa Cossacks. On Urals ngakumzantsi wayo ngaphuma A. I. Dutov kunye Kuban kunye Don - sofuzo. PN Krasnov. E North Caucasus ezikhandelwa Njengevolontiya Army ekhokelwa yi L. G. Kornilova kunye M. V. Alekseeva, owathi kamva waba sisiseko intshukumo White. Kunye nenkxaso ye-gene ngurhulumente waseJamani ecwangciswe Ukraine. Krasnov.

Ukususela ngoMeyi 1918 lwaqhutywa kwi-nkqubo ekuthiwa-Russian "ubukomanisi imfazwe." NgoSeptemba, eli lizwe ngokusesikweni umgaqo-nkqubo we "ngesothuso ebomvu" yaye "ngesothuso emhlophe."

Ngo Matshi nyaka imikhosi French, eUnited States England ziye yafika e Murmansk, imikhosi Japanese - e Vladivostok, iJamani ahlala ummandla Ukraine, eCrimea kunye inxalenye North neAsia. NgoMeyi, kwi Urals, ummandla iVolga kunye eSiberia waqalisa amajoni intetho anti-eSoviet Czechoslovak, leyo yayinamahewu Ababesakuba ngamabanjwa emfazwe. Isiphumo sale mvukelo yaba ukubhukuqwa ngamandla yiSoviet eSiberia kunye Urals, kunye nokusekwa kwe-urhulumente omtsha we Mensheviks kunye Socialist-mbuso kunye kabini.

Julayi 17 wadutyulwa ngaphandle intsapho yasebukhosini kwetyala.

Xa ukuwa '18 amajoni Czechoslovak zafikelela iVolga River. Phantsi umyalo Vatsetis (ukususela ngoJulayi 19 - Kamenev) kubo oko kwasekwa Eastern Front, owakwaziyo ukubetha Czechs ukuba zifake Samara, Kazan kunye Simbirsk. Inqanaba lokuqala lwagqitywa Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla yiSoviet kwi Urals nommandla iVolga.

2. Amanqanaba yemfazwe yamakhaya: owesibini. Yakha iziko le mvukelo kwilizwe liphela, intshukumo nxamnye iiBolsheviks waba apogee yayo.

November 1918 - AV Kolchak wabhukuqa Directory kwaye useka ngeqhudu yasemkhosini. Uloxelela ngokwakhe "kiso zonke Russia." Ke Denikin bahlangene North Caucasus kunye Kuban kunye Don Yamavolontiya Army ngexesha VSYUR ukuba ngoJulayi 1919 kwakukho sele abantu abangaphezu kwama-160 000. Lo mkhosi, phantsi kobunkokheli Denikin ngoMatshi 19 idlulisela Donbass. Kumantla elo lizwe ngoncedo i-Entente ikhokelwa ngu-General E. K. Millera bakha umkhosi, NN Yudenich ulungiselela i uhambo on Petrograd, yaye Ukraine abaxhasi Petliura ngokudibanisa ukuzimela yayo. Izicwangciso ezi nkokeli yaba ngesibetho kolawulo eSoviet, ayengakwazi ukusebenzisa ngenxa ukusukuzana kunye ngasonye.

Kule yesibini nqanaba nazo ngokwandisa isikali kongenelelo, ukurhoxiswa amajoni ukusuka kwamanye amazwe ukuya kummandla Russia. Ngo-Apreli-Agasti 19 Waziqhiwula amajoni US, eNgilani, Germany kunye France.

3. Amanqanaba War Civil: owesithathu (Matshi 1919 -1920 gg.). Eli xesha amadabi, apho kuye kwacaca mhlophe ukuba loyiso kumzabalazo amandla, kwiBolsheviks waphumelela.

NgoNovemba '18 uqala i ekhubekisayo ekhokelwa yi Kolchak. December 25 Zeza kunye zakhe esaphethe Perm, no-31 kwinyanga enye ye zabo wamiswa. NgoMatshi 19 Kolchak umkhosi iqala esisikhubekiso kubo iVolga, kuthatha Ufa, esiza Samara kunye Simbirsk. Ngo-Aprili 19 amajoni Eastern Front wayeka naye, yaye ehlotyeni eSiberia silahliwe. Aneliseke lo mgaqo aqeqeshiwe ulimise imvukelo. Ekuqaleni kuka-'20 wadubula Kolchak.

NgoMeyi 19, phantsi ngokomlomo Yudenich uqala i ekhubekisayo kwi Petrograd, oyekayo i-Red Army. Ngo-Oktobha, abantu ayegqatse Yudenich e Estonia khona imipu.

NgoJulayi 1919 Ukraine ithumba Denikin kwaye uqala i ekhubekisayo kwi eMoscow. Zeza kunye izimpi zakhe ngoSeptemba ithumba Eagle, Kursk kunye Voronezh. Ebutsheni bowe-1920, olwaludiliziwe umkhosi Denikin likaThixo, kwanamandla yamaBolshevik kwi kumazantsi eli lizwe ebuyiselweyo.

4. Isigaba sokugqibela imfazwe yamakhaya (eyayibanjwe ngo-1920 - 1922).

Ngo-Epreli 1920 Wrangel onyuliweyo 'ngumlawuli yonke kumzantsi Russia. " Yenza i "umkhosi Russian", oqala ekhubekisayo nxamnye Donbass. Ngo-Oktobha, imikhosi Wrangel bephoxekile emva eCrimea. Kokoyiswa Wrangel kwaphawula ukuphela kwemfazwe, nangona iindima uxhathiso bahlala kwimimandla emdeni Russia.

iilahleko Russian kwi amanqanaba bemfazwe mikhulu. Inani labemi sehle kwezigidi ezili-12 zabantu, yaye umonakalo epheleleyo kwezoqoqosho yaba ngaphezu kwama-50 ezigidi. Engange.