Franciscans nembali yayo

Order Franciscan wayengomnye anempembelelo enamandla kwimbali yebandla lamaKristu. abalandeli bakhe apho unanamhla. Le Mbasa igama emva umseki wayo - St. Francis. I Franciscans wadlala indima enkulu kwimbali yehlabathi, ingakumbi ngexesha bamaXesha Aphakathi.

Injongo yokudala imiyalelo zenkolo

Ukuvela odolo zonqulo kubangelwe imfuno ukuvela wababingeleli, ngebengayibethelelanga yachaphazela imicimbi yehlabathi yaye bakwazi ukubonisa ukusulungeka ukholo umzekelo. lemfundiso Church Kwakufuneka ukuba kuliwe qhekeko kuzo zonke obubonakala. umyalelo wokuqala fit injongo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe, ukutyhubela iminyaka, izinto zaqala ukutshintsha. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

umyalelo wendawo yangasemva

St. Francis waseAssisi - umxhasi Italy. Ehlabathini wathiywa igama Giovanni Bernardone. St. Francis waseAssisi - ngunozala Order Franciscan. Giovanni Bernardone wazalwa malunga 1181 kwisithuba seminyaka 1182. Okuninzi umhla ngqo embonakalweni wokuzalwa kwakhe ayaziwa. Francis ekuqaleni umntu manenekazi, kodwa emva kuthotho lweziganeko ebomini bakhe itshintshile lukhulu.

Waba uzinikele kakhulu, ukunceda amahlwempu, ukunyamekela abafayo ezindaweni leprosarium, iimpahla bokwaneliseka embi, enika izinto ezilungileyo kumahlwempu. Ngokuthe ngcembe behlanganisene Francis isangqa yabalandeli. Kweli xesha ukususela 1207 nge-1208 gg. Giovanni Bernardone yasekwa Minorite Brotherhood. Rhoqo yalo, koko beza Franciscans.

Yenza Order

Minorite Brotherhood yayikhona kuze 1209 yaba ngumbutho elitsha ibandla. Minorites wazama ukuxelisa uKristu kunye nabapostile, lokuyivelisa ubomi babo. nobuzalwane Charter yabhalwa. Ngo-Epreli 1209 ukuba wafumana imvume ngomlomo uPopu St. Innocent III, lowo wamkela imisebenzi yoluntu. Ngenxa yoko, isiseko ezisemthethweni Order Franciscan sele ilungisiwe ngenqindi phantsi. Ukususela ngelo xesha, saqalisa makasizalise izintlu zabafazi Minorite, apho ookhansila yesibini yasungulwa.

Order lesithathu Franciscans esekwe ngo-1212 Wabizwa ngokuba "kwelesithathu abazalwana." amalungu ayo ukuba bathobele yitshata azibandeze ulonwabo, kodwa ngelo xesha, weza kuhlala phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo kwaye babe nosapho. esambathweni emishini atyabukile yi kwelesithathu ngesicelo.

Ingxelo ebhaliweyo ubukho esinguMyalelo yayibanjelwe 1223 nguPope Honorius wesithathu. Ngelo xesha wokuvunywa Abazalwana oyiNgcwele Innocent III onke amadoda alishumi wema phambi kwakhe. Wafa unxibelelwano. Francis, uluntu wababala abalandeli phantse 10,000. Baba ngakumbi nangakumbi qho ngonyaka.

Qinisa Charter unxibelelwano. uFrances

Franciscans sisekelo, eyavunywa 1223, yahlulwa zibe zizahluko ezisixhenxe. Eyokuqala ikhwelo ngokugcinwa yeVangeli, ukuthobela nobunyulu. Kule yesibini echaza imiqathango kufuneka yaneliswe onqwenela ukujoyina i-Order. Kuba oku monki ezintsha kwafuneka ukuba athengise impahla kunye ukunika yonke kumahlwempu. Emva kulo nyaka ukuya yokwaleka, belted ngentambo. iimpahla Emva owayevunyelwe ukuba ukunxiba kuphela ubudala yaye elula. Shoes ezigugileyo kuphela xa kuyimfuneko.

ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU sifunda ukutya, indlela yokwenza ukholo ehlabathini. Ngaphambi kokuba kuse Franciscans ufunde i "Bawo wethu" izihlandlo ezingama-24, emva kweeyure ezimbalwa - Iiyure 5. Omnye ezine ngosuku - nkqu amaxesha 7 ngokuhlwa - 12 ebusuku - 7. iposi lokuqala ndazigcina ekubhiyozeleni uSuku All Saints 'iKrismesi . Yaba sesevisi day 40-fast, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Charter vala ukulahlwa, iingxwabangxwaba kunye nokulwa ngomlomo. I Franciscans kwafuneka hlakulela ukuthobeka, ukuthobela, uxolo, ukuthobeka, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezintle, imke isidima kunye namalungelo abanye abantu.

Esi sahluko sijongana yesine ngemali. Amalungu uMyalelo akuvumelekile ukuba athathe iinkozo zemali kuwe okanye kwabanye. Le lijongene Isahluko sesihlanu kunye nomsebenzi. Onke amalungu enempilo kommandla webhola akwazi ukusebenza, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwimali umthandazo kwaye kwenziwa kwacaca kule wazoba ixesha. Kuba umsebenzi endaweni imali yamalungu esinguMyalelo weNkundla kuthatyathwa kuphela oko kuyimfuneko iimfuno zabo okanye emaqandeni. Noyithabatha bayisebenzele bathembisa ukuba ngokuthobeka nangombulelo, nkqu ibe ncinci kakhulu.

Isahluko lesithandathu ufundwa njengoko owalela ubusela kunye nemigaqo amalizo zokuqokelela. amalungu Order azinawo ukuphoxeka nehlazo ukwamkela amalizo, ukuncedisa amanye amalungu abo, ingakumbi abagulayo.

Isahluko yesixhenxe ichaza nezohlwayo eziye isicelo kwabo bonileyo. Ebudeni belo wathembela izono.

Kwisahluko yesibhozo uchaza abazalwana aba, ukuba kuye kwafuneka ukujongana xa yokujongana nemiba ezinzulu. Order of yaBaphathiswa awuhloniphe unquestioningly. Ichaza indlela yokulandelelana emva kokufa umzalwana senior okanye kwakhona konyulo wakhe ngesizathu esihle.

Kwisahluko lesithoba icacisa ban wokushumayela wenqila Bishop (ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe). Akuvumelekile ukuba enze njalo ngaphandle uvavanyo kwangaphambili, nto leyo wawunikela umyalelo. waba Ukushumayela amalungu abo bakwinkonzo ukuba elula, ecacileyo olucingisiswe. Amabinzana - mfutshane, kodwa ezaliswe nentsingiselo enzulu malunga ezimbi nobuhle uzuko quads.

Kwisahluko yeshumi sicacisa ukuba alungise ze ukubavuselela abazalwana indlela, badlula Charter. Jonga lendela awongamileyo kufuneka kukuhla kunyuka incinane elukholweni, sisazela, njalo njalo. E. Brothers wabongoza ukuba silumkele nekratshi, amampunge, umona, njalo njalo. D. Amalungu Order ayikwazi bafundiswe ukufunda nokubhala, yaye kwathiwa loo nto ibangelwa sinomsebenzi ukubonakalisa kwaye nokuthanda iintshaba zethu nibathandazele abo abasonayo.

A isahluko eyahlukileyo (elinanye) kwaba malunga nunneries tyelelo. Kuye kwavalwa ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekileyo. I Franciscans ayengavunyelwa ukuba godfathers. Ekugqibeleni, isahluko yeshumi ukufunda imvume, ekufuneka uyifumene Order of abazalwana ukuzama ukuguqula kukholo lobuKristu Saracens kunye amaRoma.

Ekupheleni Charter Nceda ngokwahlukeneyo qaphela ukuba ukurhoxisa okanye ukuguqula imithetho akuvumelekanga.

clothing Franciscans

Kwakhona Clothing Franciscans waqala ne St. Francis. Ngokutsho legend, washiya ngabom iimpahla amahlwempu. Francis wathabatha iingubo zakhe ofana ndimbophe lumshiye belted ngentambo elula. Ukususela ngoko, zonke indela Order Franciscan baqalisa ukunxiba ngendlela efanayo.

Amagama Franciscans

E England babizwa "bazalwana grey ', umbala ilokhwe. E France, amalungu esinguMyalelo ngokuba "Cordeliers" kuba zilurhangqile intambo elula. E Jamani, Franciscans babizwa "zihlangu" neembadada umbulelo eziye isemzimbeni ngeenyawo. Ngo-Italy, abalandeli Francis ebizwa ngokuba 'ngabazalwana. "

IMbasa kuphuhliso Franciscan

Franciscans, ogama abameli kufuneka ifoto kweli nqaku, emva kokufa umnyibilikisi, yabangela ukuba uYohane Parenti, ngoko Jikelele Iliya Kortonsky, umfundi St. Francis. ngokunxulumana kunye nokuba kufutshane kutitshala ngexesha lokudla kwakhe wanceda kuqinisa isikhundla se bhola. UEliya wadalwa inkqubo yolawulo ecacileyo, kwisahlulo esinguMyalelo weNkundla kumaphondo. Izikolo Franciscan avuleka, ajongana ukwakhiwa kwiitempile nezigodlo.

Yaqala kwakhiwe kwindlu yonqulo Gothic uvethe waseAssisi, behlonipha St. Francis. Igunya kaEliya bya nyaka ngamnye. On zokwakha kunye nezinye iiprojekthi efunekayo izityhwentywe zemali. Ngenxa yoko, iminikelo zephondo anda. It yaqala nokumelana zabo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni uEliya yasuswa kobunkokheli Abazalwana ngo 1239

Ngokuthe ngcembe Franciscans endaweni bokubhadula yaba oluneqela ngakumbi, tywa. Oko ngexesha ubomi eSt abagcini. Francis, waza wala nje isahluko zomanyano, kodwa 1220 zonke nangoko iinkokheli zoluntu. Kodwa njengokuba St Francis wayenze isifungo ningabolulamo, akazange iphikisane utshintsho lwenzeka ngendlela. Ekugqibeleni St. Francis ningashukunyiswa nimke inkokheli Abazalwana emva uhambo ukuya eMpuma.

Order Ukuguqula isakhiwo ndela

Ngexesha lokulawula Cortona engqiba Franciscans olwaqaliswa delimitated zibe iintshukumo ezimbini ezingundoqo apho legacy kunxibelelwano. Francis isihlobo sakhe ukuba ukugcinwa-siseko kunye nentlupheko ziyaqondwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Amanye amalungu kommandla webhola baye bazama ukulandela imigaqo owasungula le esinguMyalelo weNkundla, behlala ebuhlwempini nokuthobeka. Abanye baqala ukutolika uMqulu ngendlela yabo.

Ngowe-1517, uPopu yiNgonyama lweShumi ngokusesikweni ezichongiweyo amaqela amabini ohlukeneyo Order of the Franciscans. Zombini ezi ndlela baba elizimeleyo. Iqela lokuqala kwathiwa Observants, okt abazalwana Minimes babambelela ngokungqongqo yonke imithetho St. Francis. Iqela lesibini ogama konventualami. Yo- ngokwahlukileyo watolika emimiselweni uMyalelo. Ngo-1525 i nobuzalwane Franciscans ebumba isebe elitsha - Capuchins. Zaba ukuthambekela loHlaziyo phakathi Minorites kunye Observants. Ngowe-1528 Clement yesihlanu isebe elitsha yathatyathwa kubudlelane eyahlukileyo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Observants onke amaqela ziye zadityaniswa omnye, nto leyo eyaba eyaziwa ngokuba Order of the Friars Minor. Pope Leo elesibhozo wamnika igama webhola "Leonianskaya womanyano."

Church wasebenzisa intshumayelo unxibelelwano. Francis iinjongo zabo. Ngenxa yoko, Abazalwana inkxaso inxalenye ezahlukeneyo yabemi. Kwacaca ukuba umyalelo othi kwicala lasekunene ibandla. Ngenxa yoko, umbutho ekuqaleni esekelwe waba umyalelo emishini. Franciscans Siye fumene ilungelo Kwamacala of njengabaqhekeki. Kwezopolitiko, baza baqalisa ukuya kulwa neentshaba soopopu.

I baseDominican and Franciscans: Education

Franciscans kunye baseDominican ngayo mendicant. yabafundi Based azizanga ngexesha elifanayo. Kodwa ke iinjongo zahlukile kancinci. Umsebenzi ophambili we-Order Dominican yaba isifundo olunzulu wezakwalizwi. Injongo - Uqeqesho abashumayeli abanobuchule. Umsebenzi wesibini - ekulweni sisiphambusa, ebizwa ehlabathini inyaniso kaThixo.

Ngo-1256 i-Franciscans banikwa ilungelo lokuba afundise kwiiyunivesithi. Ngenxa yokuba i-Order of yonke inkqubo yemfundo yamiselwa bogoslovnogo. Oku kwavusa abacinga ezininzi kumaXesha Aphakathi kunye Renaissance. Ngexesha mihla enomfutho wevangeli kunye nophando. Franciscans abaninzi baqala ukusebenza kwi ilifa baseSpeyin kunye East.

Omnye kwanemiyalelo bulumko Franciscan yayinokuthanani zenzululwazi zendalo kunye ngqo. Hambi ku ri kakhulu kunokuba zenkolo kunye matafizikoy. Le ndlela intsha zimelwe yi-University of Oxford. I unjingalwazi yokuqala Franciscans uRobert Grosseteste. Kamva, waba ngubhishophu.

Robert Grosseteste waba umphengululi abalaseleyo ixesha. Waba ngowokuqala arhola ingqalelo imfuneko yokusebenzisa imathematika kwi sifundo wendalo. Lo profesa idumileyo uye ingqiqo nokudalwa ukukhanya lwehlabathi.

Order Franciscan kwi XVIII-XIX eminyaka

Kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo Franciscans waba yoonongendi malunga 1700 neemonki malunga namashumi amabini anesihlanu amawaka. Ubuzalwane (kwaye efanayo kuye) lwapheliswa kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu ngexesha Enkulu kunye neziphithiphithi yamaphephandaba kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Ekupheleni Order yakhe yabuya eSpeyin koko e-Italy. Umzekelo wabo kwalandela eFransi, uze emva koko kwamanye amazwe.

Iimpawu Order Franciscan de 1220

Order iyilandele yonke imithetho Charter de 1220 Ngeli xesha, abalandeli baka-Francis, ambethe ingubo emdaka enoboya uze ubhinqe iintambo ezilula, neembadada ezinyaweni zakhe waya kushumayela ehlabathini lonke.

Ubuzalwane wazama ekusasazeni nemibono yobuKristu, kodwa ukuba niyenze, ukuze baphumeze. Ukushumayela yokucela Franciscans bona badla isonka esidala kakhulu, ukuthetha ngokuthobeka, kuba siziva wayephulaphule gadalala, njalo njalo. D. Abalandeli yoMyalelo ngokwayo sakhonza umzekelo ocacileyo ukugcina eziyimithetho, baba sizibophelele fanatically ukholo lwamaKristu.

Franciscans kukanye

Franciscans namhlanje ikhona kwizixeko ezininzi Russian kanye zaseYurophu. Ethatha inxaxheba ngumshumayeli, ukupapasha imisebenzi yokuzithandela. The Franciscans ezifundiswa ezikolweni, utyelelo ezintolongweni kunye kumakhaya abalupheleyo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, ngokuba ababingeleli kunye nabazalwana uMyalelo libonelela ucwangciso olukhethekileyo uqeqesho emishini. Okokuqala, abaviwa afumane uqeqesho yokomoya yezenzululwazi. It iqulathe izigaba ezininzi:

1. Isigaba sokuqala - Postulate. Lo nyaka test omnye apho kukho ukwazana jikelele ekufumaneni uMyalelo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abaviwa bahlala eluntwini emishini.
2. Inqanaba lesibini - le novitiate. Oku isithuba sonyaka omnye, xa kukho ukusungulwa umgqatswa umphefumlo yonqulo. Amalungiselelo lezifungo okwethutyana.
3. Isigaba sesithathu ihlala iminyaka emithandathu. Ngeli xesha abaviwa bapase Ifilosofi nemfundiso yenkolo. Kwakhona langoku nokulungiselela kokomoya imihla ngemihla. Ngomnyaka wesihlanu yokufunda thembisa izibhambathiso obungunaphakade, ngomhla yesithandathu - neliso.

Branch Order kule mihla

Ekuqaleni, kwakukho kuphela uMyalelo yokuqala Franciscan, eziquka amadoda kuphela. Le abazalwana yahlulwe namhlanje amasebe amathathu eziphambili:

1. Bazalwana (ngo-2010 ezibhalisiweyo apho ezo beziza 15,000 esakhiweni).
2. Konventual'nykh (4231 indela Franciscans).
3. Noluhlaza (inani labantu kweli sebe - phantse 11 amawaka).

Isiphelo ngemisebenzi Order Franciscan

Franciscans eminyaka ezisibhozo. Ngeli xesha elide noko lobuzalwana wenza igalelo elikhulu hayi kuphela kuphuhliso ecaweni, kodwa inkcubeko yehlabathi. kwicala Order simbona ngokupheleleyo ngomsebenzi ngamandla. Umyalelo kunye namasebe butho phantse 30,000 iimonki kunye amawaka ukuze abangaqeqeshwanga-wesithathu, abahlala eJamani, eItali, i-USA kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi.

iimonki Franciscan ukususela ekuqaleni wafuna ukuzila. Ngexesha ubukho Order baye kuqhawulo emazantsi zoluntu ngamnye. Abaninzi imithetho ngakumbi engqongqo. Kwinkulungwane XIX kwakukho into umva. uluntu saa waqala coalesce. Oku kube negalelo kakhulu uPopu Leo Wesithathu. Yaba nguye lowo wahlanganisa onke amaqela kwelinye - i-Order of the Friars Minor.