Isivumelwano sokuqhaqhayisa ... Sisiphi isivumelwano sokuqhaqhazela indlu, imoto okanye umhlaba owenziweyo?

Enye yezinto eziqhelekileyo ukuthengiselana phakathi kwabemi ngumvumelwano wokuqhaqha. Oku kunokuba utshintshiselwano lwezindlu zangaphandle, kunye nokutshintshwa kwezinto ezincinci. Kakade, isivumelwano esinjalo sisetyenziselwa phakathi kwamashishini angomthetho. Imithetho yokwenza nokugqiba eli xwebhu lilawulwa ngumthetho waseburhulumenteni waseRashiya.

Ukwahlukana komthetho wangaphambili

I-Code Civil yabasebenzi be-RSFSR, eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambi kokuthotyelwa kwekhowudi yangoku, iqulethe ingcamango yesivumelwano sokuqhawula kwinqaku elilodwa. Kwimithetho emitsha isivumelwano sokuqhaqha (imoto, i-real estate, enye impahla) ilawulwa ngamanqaku amahlanu, kuye kwongezwa amalungiselelo amatsha, ngaphambili engekhoyo.

Ngoko, ngaphambili ubudlelwane bezomthetho obuvela ngenxa ye-barter belawulwa yiSiqendu 255. Ngokukodwa, kwathiwa ukuba ngenxa yesivumelwano esicatshungulwayo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba kukho utshintshiselwano kwipropati ethile kwenye. Umthetho woLuntu we-RSFSR kum usetyenziswa imithetho emininzi elawula ukuthenga nokuthengiswa. Umntu othabatha inxaxheba owagqiba isivumelwano sokuqhawula indlu okanye enye into yayingumthengisi wento ayinikayo, kunye nomthengi wezinto ezithunyelwe kuye ngobunini. Ukongezelela, isangqa sezifundo zomnqophiso obhekene nalo mbuzo sasincitshiswa ngenxa yokuba kwiimeko apho iqela (okanye zombini) liyimibutho yombuso, inokuthi yenziwe kuphela kwiimeko ezimiselwe ngokusemthethweni ngumthethospala.

Ingcamango

Iyintoni isivumelwano sokuqhayisa? Le ngcaciso ichazwe kwiSiqendu 567 soMthetho woLuntu. Ngaphantsi kwesi sifundo, ukunyanzelwana komntu abathathi-nxaxheba kulo mlingano ngokwasemthethweni kugqityiweyo, okubandakanya ukudluliselwa kwepropati ethile ukusuka kwelinye icala kwelinye ngokutshintshana kwenye indawo. Kule meko, igama elithi "enye" lisetyenziswe kabini kule nkcazo. Ngethuba lokuqala libhekisela kwizifundo zesivumelwano, oko kukuthi, kubathathi-nxaxheba, okwesibini-into.

Ukongeza kwenkcazo embuzo, igama elithi "utshintshiselwano lwempahla" lufumaneka kwisenzo esiqhelekileyo esilawula ubudlelwane bezomthetho, njengesihloko seCandelo lama-502. Esi siqhelo sinikezelwa kuphela kwesinye seziphumo ezinokwenzeka ezivela kwinkqubo yokuthenga nokuthengisa izinto ezingekho ukutya.

Inkcazo yesivumelwano sokuqhaqhaqhayisa, esungulwe kwikhowudi yokuqala, ehlukileyo kwimiba echaza lo mbandela ngoku. Ngoko ke, ezinye zeziganeko zokuthi isivumelwano sokuqhaqha isakhiwo selizwe okanye enye into yindabuko kwaye ihambelana nomthetho omdala uyiphutha. Ingcamango yokuqhawulwa kule Nkqubo yoLuntu yincwadi.

Mena ebudlelwaneni bezindlu

Ukutshintshiselwa kwepropati njengendawo yokuhlala yindawo ekhethekileyo yobudlelwane bomthetho. Inkontileka yokuchithwa kwendawo yokuhlala okanye enye indawo yokuhlala ilawulwa ngumthetho wasekhaya waseRashiya. Ngokwenza oko, utshintshiselwano olunjalo lwenziwa ngoncedo lwemibutho ekhethekileyo, i-arhente, nangona ingaqaliswa ngaphandle kwabo. Imimiselo yomthetho wezindlu inikezela ukuba umqeshi kunye nabantu abahlala naye banokutshintshela indawo yabo yokuhlala komnye umqeshi. Inkqubo enjalo inokuthi iyenziwe phakathi kwamalungu eemibutho zabasebenzi. Ngelo xesha, ilungelo lokutshintshisana okunjalo alukhawulelwanga kwimida yendawo yokuhlala, okokuba, amaqela entlangano angahlala kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo, kwaye izinto, ngokulandelanayo, zinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umyalelo kunye nemithetho phantsi kwesivumelwano sokutshintshiselana kwempahla esetyenziswayo sisetyenziswe kwiKhowudi yeZindlu.

Ukusetyenziswa okungalunganga kwekota

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwiRashiya yanamhlanje kukho ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba ngamashishini okutshintshisana atyathwa ngokutshintshiselana ngeemali ezahlukeneyo zeemali zeRussia. Nangona kunjalo, eqinisweni, ezo zinto zitshintshiselwano, kodwa zithathwa njengento yokuthengwa. Into kuphela enokuthi ithathelwe yimi ngumsebenzi wokutshintshiselwa iibhanki zemali zangaphandle zamanye abantu abatsha ngokufumana ikhomishini ethile yalo msebenzi .

Ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho ekuthengiseni nasekuthengweni

Nangona isahluko seKhowudi yoLuntu ekutshintshisweni kwepropati okanye impahla ehambayo ibeka ukuba imithetho ethile ingasetyenziselwa ukuthengiswa nokuthengwa, iphinda ichazwe ukuba loo mithetho ayimfuneko ukuba iphikisana nesi sahluko kwaye ngokubanzi kunye nempahla Shintsha. Ngokomzekelo, ezinjalo zibandakanya amanqaku afaka ukuhlawula nayiphi na imveliso okanye umkhiqizo. Kuyaziwa ukuba imali ayithethi kwaye ayihambisani nokubala kwemali. Okukuphela kweemeko zezimo apho izinto zepropati zitshintshana, ezahlukileyo kwixabiso. Emva koko, ngokukodwa, i-overload yenziwe ngexabiso.

Ukuthengiswa kwempahla

Ubungakanani bokusebenzisa imithetho elawula ukuthengwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwindlela echazwe ngumthetho ichazwa ngokufana kwale mibandela yomthetho. I-Mena, kunye nokuthenga nokuthengisa, ithathwa njengento yokuthengiswa kwempahla. Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazwa kwayo akukuhle kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa ubunzima obuhlukahlukeneyo kokubili kokusebenza kwesivumelwano kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Incazelo yeempahla inikwe kwakhona ngumthetho-mthetho kumthetho wembambano. Ngaloo nto ithetha ukuba yiyiphi na into, kodwa ayiyi kuhoxiswa kuphela kwimimandla yoluntu. Ukuba into iyawa phantsi kwe nkcazo, ngoko iyakwazi ukwahlukana. Umzekelo wenkontrakthi exoxwa ngayo yimeko phakathi kombuso waseRashiya kunye ne-Menatep Bank, eyenzeka ngo-1996. Emva koko igosa lifumene isigxina kwiinkampani ezininzi zeoli, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo wanika urhulumente inxaxheba kwingxowa-mali yentlawulo yenhlangano.

Umnqophiso wesivumelwano. Umthetho woMthetho

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, kunye nemimiselo esekelwe kwinqaku malunga nesivumelwano sokuqhaqhaqha, imithetho ethile kulolu hlobo lusekwe kwiNkqubo yoLuntu ngenjongo yokulawula ezinye iintsebenziswano, phakathi kwazo: ilungelo eliphambili lokuthenga, ukulahlwa kwepropati yewadi, izizathu zokufumana amalungelo epropati kunye nabanye. Amalungiselelo asetyenziswe kumnqophiso ochaphazelekayo akwi-Code kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko, ngokomthetho woKhuphiswano, akuvumelekile ukuba enze nayiphi na inyathelo, ukukhupha izenzo eza kuzinzisa ukutshintshiselwa ezithile, ukuthengwa, ukuthengiswa kwempahla ethile kwindawo ethile (i-krai, isixeko, njl.) Kwenye indawo.

Iintengo zokuthengiselana

Umzekelo womnye umqulu olawula isivumelwano sokuthengiselana kwempahla unokube yiprogram yokuphuhliswa kwempahla yangaphandle, eyenziwe nguRhulumente. Ngokwale xwebhu, izivumelwano zokuqhawulwa kwezivumelwano ezigqityiweyo nabantu abangaphandle kwamanye amazwe ukuthunyelwa kweempahla ezixhamle ngaphandle kwelinye lamanyathelo okukhuthaza abantu ngezoqoqosho. Ngaphantsi kweenkontileka ze-barter, inkontileka ye-barter ichazwe, eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukuthengiswa komphakathi, nangaphezulu kwishishini langaphandle.

Inkcazo yezoqoqosho zorhwebo lwangaphandle kwixesha langoku lifuna umdla. Ixesha lobudlelwane obunjalo bezomthetho lubekwa kuMyalelo kaMongameli waseRashiya, othiwa "KwiMigaqo yoRhulumente yeeNkcitho zoRhwebi ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe". Ngaloo ndlela umntu othobelekileyo uya kubona ukungafani okubalulekileyo ukusuka kumgaqo owenziwe yi-Code code. Ngokuhambelana neSigqibo, ezi ntengiso ziqondwa njengezivumelwano ezigqityiweyo xa uqhuba imisebenzi yezorhwebo yangaphandle, enikezela ukutshintshisiswa kweempahla kwintengo efanayo, iimveliso, iinkonzo kunye nabanye. Uxwebhu oluqhelekileyo ngexesha elilodwa ligxininisa ukuba xa kusetyenziswa ukuthengwa kwemali yentlawulo, izontrakthi ezinjalo kunye neenkontileka aziyi kukhwela.

Imiqathango ebalulekileyo yokuthengiselana

Kwisenzo somthetho esicacisiwe ngokwefom yefom yezinto ezithintekayo zithiwa. Uhlobo olunjalo kunye nesalathisi asifumaneki kwiCode Civil. Isimiselo somongameli sichaza ukuthengiswa kwemigqaliselo kwisivumelwano sokubambisana, ngexesha elinye lifuna inkcazelo yemigaqo ebalulekileyo kwisivumelwano, apho:

• Iindleko zeyunithi nganye yemveliso, umgangatho wayo, ubuninzi kunye nesetyunjlature, imiqathango nemeko yokungenisa, ukuthumela ngaphandle;
• Uluhlu lweenkonzo, usebenza, iziphumo zomsebenzi wengqondo, intengo, imigqaliselo yokusebenza, kwakunye nexesha lokunika loo mi sebenzi okanye iinkonzo, umzuzu wokudluliselwa kwamalungelo kwiziphumo zemisebenzi yengqondo;
• Uluhlu lwamaphepha adluliselwe kwicala laseRussia, ngenxa yesiseko sokusebenza kweenkonzo okanye imisebenzi kuya kuqinisekiswa, amalungelo kumiphumo yomsebenzi wengqondo.

Amacandelo okubambisana kunye nomntu onguRashiya kunye nomnye.

Ixabiso kunye neendleko

I-Code Civil ibeka imithetho echanekileyo enobomi obini ngokubhekiselele kwiindleko zamacandelo phantsi kwesivumelwano ngokubhekiselele kuwo. Kwimeko yokuqala, isiqhelo somthetho siya kuhanjiswa kwipropati, efana nexabiso, okwesibini, imigaqo ibeka iindleko zokutshintshisiswa kwempahla engalinganiyo.

Umthetho-mthetho uthatha ukuba izinto ezichitshiweyo zilinganayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwisivumelwano esenziwe phakathi kwamaqela kunokwenzeka ukuquka imeko ehlukileyo. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwintengiselwano banelungelo lokushiya kwisicatshulwa somthetho, kubandakanya, ngokomzekelo, kwisivumelwano sokuqhawulwa kwepropati yomhlaba okanye nayiphi na impahla, isigqibo sayo malunga nendlela izakhiwo ezigqithisiweyo eziza kutshintshwa ngayo, iindleko ziya kubuyiselwa njani. Umthetho kulo mqathango awuvunyelwe ukubhekisela kwiindleko ezifanayo neendleko zokubhaliswa kweencwadi zetayiti, amanani okuthutha. Oku kungabandakanya ukubhaliswa kwesivumelwano sokuqhaqha. Ngokwenziwe, kunye noshintsho olwenziwa phakathi kwabemi, ukhetho luyabonakala, apho iindleko zokwamkela ipropathi eziza kubunini zinikezelwa kwiqela ekungena kuyo. Ngamanye amaxesha abemi bahlula iindleko ezinjalo kwisiqingatha.

Imbuyekezo yokungafani

Kwizo meko xa iimpahla ezitshintshiswanga zingalinganiyo, ngoko, ngokwemvelo, uthatha inxaxheba ufumana into ethe xaxa enomthwalo wokuhlawula ummeli kumlingani wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkokhelo eyongezelelweyo ingenziwa ingekho imali. Amaqela anelungelo lokumisela kwisivumelwano kunye nezinye iindlela zokwenza intlawulo-ntlawulo, inkqubo eyahlukileyo yembuyekezo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba imoto inikwe isivakaliso kwesinye isithuthi, kodwa ixabiso elininzi, abathathi-nxaxheba bayavuma ukuba inkokhelo iya kwenziwa ngemali, kwaye iyavuma malunga nembuyekezo, ngokomzekelo, ngeengxenye zemoto okanye enye impahla.

Amashishini okutshintshiselwa

Umthetho-mthetho awuseli nayiphi na ixesha elithile lokutshintshiselwa kwepropati. Kubandakanywa le miqathango engekhoyo kwaye isebenze kwisithuba esisodwa sokutshintshwa kwepropati ngamabini omabini. Elinye icala lingadlulisela iimpahla namhlanje, enye emva kwexesha elithile, limiselwe ngesivumelwano. Nangona kunjalo, amalungelo eqela elithumele ipropathi kuqala likhuselwe ngumthetho. Ngokukodwa, ukukhuselwa kweminqweno yaloo mbutho ilawulwa ngumgangatho ose-328 CC. Eli nqaku lichaza iimeko apho iqela lokuqala liyakumisa ukunyanzelwa komsebenzi walo okanye liyeke ngokupheleleyo loo ntsebenzo, kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke into kwaye ifuna imbuyekezo yemonakalo. Iimeko ezinjalo ziquka ukungaphumeleli komlingani ukuba enze umbopheleleko, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zeemeko ezingabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba loo mbopheleleko ayiyi kuzaliseka ngexesha.

Ubunini

Isivumelwano sokuqhayisa sisinye sezizathu ezinokwenzeka zokuvela kwelungelo lobunini bento, into, njl. Kususela kwithuba lokutshintshiselwa kwepropati, okanye ngokuchanekileyo, emva kokusebenza kwabo bobabini abachaphazelekayo phantsi kwesivumelwano semvumelwano, ubunini bepropati efumanekayo buza. Ngelo xesha, i-legislator inceda amaqela ukuba aseke ezinye iimeko zokumisela ixesha lokutshintsha nokudala le lungelo.