UMongameli Vashington Dzhordzh: A Biography, imisebenzi kunye namanqaku anika umdla

I yokuqala ngumongameli American Dzhordzh Vashington ngokufanelekileyo unezibizo isihloko "uYise iLizwe loobawo." Kwaba ngemisebenzi yakhe Intshona Melika waphuma ulawulo eNgilani, lilizwe unina, ukuzimela obufunyanwa kunye siseko wazuza. Ukukhunjulwa lo mzobo zezopolitiko kunye noluntu ezibalaseleyo immortalized kwisihloko elikomkhulu US, kwakunye karhulumente, mwonyo esitratweni, amachibi, iziqithi kunye neentaba.

Nyana a unocanda yezemihlaba yephondo

Dzhordzh Vashington, umongameli wokuqala US, wazalwa Februwari 22, 1732 usapho enomhlaba owaziwayo Avgustina Vashingtona, owayephila amathanga North American of Virginia. Wemihlaba umsebenzi zazo eziphambili, uyise yonke imihla ndayichitha emasimini enkulu ezingqonge kwilifa labo. UMama umongameli elizayo - Mary Ball Washington, wakhokela indlu, nikela kwakhe nabantwana abahlanu entsatsheni. izifundo zayo ziye zaba ikhaya kunye nemfundo kuphela, nto leyo kwiminyaka yokuqala uGeorge.

Baphulukene eneminyaka elishumi elinanye ilifa umsebenzi uyise a unocanda komhlaba, elizayo uMongameli Washington waqalisa ukusebenza ekuqaleni. Sele 1748 wathabatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi geodesic kwenziwa Shenandoah Valley, yaye kamva ngonyaka waba unocanda esemthethweni Culpepper County.

Ukulwa kulutsha ngumongameli elizayo

Kwiminyaka yokuqala lomntu yakhe ekufuphi yaba enesiqingatha-umzalwana Lawrence emva kokuba unina, emva kwakhe kokufa ngowe-1752, George ilifa ngelifa, ibekwe kwi Potomac River, yaye ngaloo ndlela yafumana inkululeko yemali. Ngelo xesha ke wamkela elikwinqanaba ngabavukeli zalapha ekuqhubeni imisebenzi zomkhosi nxamnye imikhosi yaseBritani.

Le umlando eli xesha, ubomi Washington kaThixo uzele iinkcazo zemisebenzi wamajoni, uninzi lwazo yena umphathi. Ngowe-1755, ebudeni elinye kuhambo lwakhe Fort Duquesne, wafukulwa ikhonkxwa, kodwa kube kanye kwixesha elithile eyekelelwayo, yakwazi ukwazisa ekugqibeleni. Xa yagqitywa ngempumelelo kumadabi ngokuchasene amajoni aseBritani, umongameli Washington, iye elifomatiweyo sikhulu, waqhubeka kulwa French namaNdiya ahlasela Imihlaba ye kufika abantu basekuhlaleni.

Umtshato kunye ekuqaleni imisebenzi yezopolitiko

Urhoxile 1758, ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu igqala George wabuyela Virginia aze atshate umhlolokazi oselula uMarta Dandridge Custis, apho waba sele ukusuka umtshato wokuqala kubantwana ababini. iilwimi Ububi bathi, waza umtshato, Washington yakhokelwa ikakhulu iintshukumisa zokuzingca, kodwa ukususela memoirs ababephila kucacile ukuba bahlala ngolonwabo emva, nangona kungekho abantwana eziqhelekileyo.

Dzhordzh Vashington - umongameli wokuqala eUnited States - waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe yezopolitiko kunye nenxaxheba kumsebenzi weNdlu yoWiso-mthetho of Virginia, xa athe wonyulwa kwisithuba ukususela 1758 ukuya 1774. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, waza wabamba umgca xo kunye lizwe nonina, nangona yokuba urhulumente waseBritani kuthintele ukwandiswa zorhwebo umhlaba wabucala kwi emdeni amakoloni zayo North America.

Utshaba ubundlobongela kunye noogxa bakhe

Enye yeendlela London ubone ifuthe-nkqubo Washington lokwala kwempahla British. sizana nabo yaye kamva waba loo manani ezopolitiko indumasi Patrick uHenry noTomas Jefferson. Ngenxa line wabo, bona, ke, abachasene naliphi na inyathelo ngobundlobongela.

Yaziwa, ingakumbi, isimo sabo sengqondo esibi kakhulu loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubela-eBoston Tea Party - intshabalalo ngoDisemba 1773 kwi-Boston Harbour iti impahla ukufika evela eNgilani, ngenxa apho urhulumente baseBritane lamkele uthotho imithetho engamkelekanga ukuba ababevela.

Kwakhona, phakathi yemfazwe

amanyathelo ziye zabangela nokulatyuza nobudenge phesheya kolwandle kwaye kwavusa ekuqaleni kwemfazwe ye US inkululeko. Commander in eyiNtloko Continental Army iye yavumelana linyuliwe Dzhordzh Vashington, ngubani kushiywe lixesha ithemba lokuba uxolelaniso kunye lizwe nonina, yaye owabonakala ngoJuni 1775 kwintlanganiso Congress iyunifomu ngokupheleleyo.

Iinyanga zokuqala kumadabi akazange ukuzisa impumelelo kwakhokelela umkhosi Washington kaThixo. Ngaphezu koko, uthotho ukoyiswa kwanyanzeleka ukuba bazinikele utshaba kwiidolophu ezininzi kumbindi weli lizwe. Isizathu sokuba kusilela, njengoko iziganeko ezilandelayo abonisa, yaba kukunqongophala wegunya elinikwe yi intloko Congress.

Lo mfanekiso itshintshe kakhulu ngoDisemba 1776, emva kokuba George Washington sele amagunya amalungelo, usibeka, ngokuphawulekayo nendawo uzwilakhe yasemkhosini. Ngamandla enkulu ezandleni zakhe, wakwazi ukuba baphinde bakuthembe imfazwe, yaye ukususela ngoko ephathiswe kuye abantu oyisa uloyiso omnye emva komnye. Kwixesha elifutshane, idolophu ngobuchule ebalulekileyo yathinjwa e Boston, eyayiseSaratoga, Princeton kunye Trenton.

Uloyiso kunye ukuqatshelwa nokuzimela USA

uloyiso Inspired, umkhosi lizwekazi baqhubeka phambili, ekugxothweni notshaba yonke imiyalelo, nto leyo linyuke kakhulu ngaloo mihla US nodumo kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Isiphumo izenzo zabo okhanyayo amajoni aseBritani baqalisa ukuba anikezele, Novemba 18, 1781 isayinwe. Ukuphumelela luvuthondaba yaba ibanjwa ngoNovemba 1783 e-Paris uxolo isivumelwano ophela inyathelo zomkhosi leyo yaye nesokuvuma kokuzimela USA.

Emva kokuba nesiphelo noloyiso ubudlova, wathweswa uzuko omkhulu urhoxile waza wabuyela ekhaya kwi kwilifa Mount Vernon, emva kokuba ufumene njengoko ikhazi. Yaqalisa elitsha lobomi, osixelela yona, eziqhelekileyo yonke baseMerika mihla, biography. Dzhordzh Vashington ezivela warlord yaba nkqubo sisilumko.

Ukudalwa-siseko

isenzo sakhe lokuqala iileta ngentsimbi zoluntu, sijoliswe kwesikhokelo zonke US uthi yena, ukuze alondoloze ingqibelelo kweli lizwe, ebizwa ukuqiniswa ebanzi igunya engundoqo. Ngokukodwa, Washington laqalisa kwimvukelo amafama Massachusetts ngokuchasene norhulumente onyulwe ngokusemthethweni Boston, njengoko isisombululo zonke umehluko wabona kuphela indlela siseko.

Njengoko impumelelo zakhe zangaphambili kunye neembono ngoku kwezopolitiko, abemi abaye bakhetha yintloko Washington Convention, okusebenzayo 1778 zabuya US-siseko. enazo kakhulu okukhawulezayo bonke lishumi amazwe, ngoko inxenye lizwe ubukhulu becala bakhoyo igunya Washington engathethekiyo, siqu umsebenzi kule xwebhu.

Njengoko umongameli waseUnited States

NgokoMgaqo-siseko, intloko karhulumente na umongameli, yaye esi sikhundla Dzhordzh Vashington iye yavumelana onyulwe onke amalungu College yoNyulo ekupheleni kuka-Epreli ka1789. unanimity enjalo malunga candidacy yakhe ityala elikhethekileyo kwimbali yonke elandelayo lizwe.

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, uMongameli Washington baqiniswayo ofisi elinye ixesha, nangona ngamnye lokhankaso lolonyulo ayizange inxaxheba. Ngokutsho ngesigqibo Congress, umvuzo wakhe ngonyaka ifikelele kwi-25 amawaka. Idola. Ukuba indoda ezikhuselekileyo, Washington kuye ekuqaleni wala, kodwa kamva wakufumanisa ukuba ukwamkela imali.

Umgaqo-siseko - mthetho wongameleyo karhulumente ubomi

Dzhordzh Vashington - US Mongameli, ngubani ikhokele ukudalwa zoluntu oluxhamla intlalo yedemokhrasi, yonke imikhosi wathumela ukubethelela ngabemi ukuhlonela-siseko. Njengoko i-ex-officio wowona wayo, wabeka isandulela wabonisa intlonelo olunzulu ukulungiselela lo mthetho ebalulekileyo karhulumente, eqonda ukuba kuphela umzekelo inokuba unyanzelayo intlonipho abemi balo.

Ekubeni Washington waba ngumongameli ngexesha uRhulumente US baphinde iimpawu zakhe kuphela, naye ingqalelo enkulu kuphuhliso amasebe awo emithathu ngamandla. Njengoko umlawuli olumkileyo, wadala indawo yakhe, Wabakhapha ikakhulu iimpawu yengqondo kunye nobungcali abaviwa ofisi ephezulu. Oku wamvumela ukuba abanokwenza ikomiti, umsebenzi wakhe bazisa ngenxa efanelekileyo.

iimpawu ezithile wobukumkani Washington kaThixo

Akumangalisi, umongameli Washington, baba phakathi neminqweno yezopolitiko, akazange ukunika kukhetha ibonakale nakubani na amaqela. Wayebonakala ukuba uthathe isigqibo cala, akubikho naziphi na izityholo icala ezinye izigqibo zayo. Ukuba ilungelo lokuba azo izigqibo Congress ezingamkelekanga kuye, uMongameli Washington wasebenzisa oko kuphela kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu, ezama na ukukhokelwa ukhetho lwabo buqu, kodwa kuphela njengoko kufunwa ngumthetho.

Eyona mpumelelo ibalulekileyo umongameli wokuqala eUnited States ukwamkelwa oYilwayo odumileyo wamaLungelo, eziqhutywa phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe Congress ngu Senator Madison. Kwakhona ukuba emva kwikota yesibini ka bakhe bambongoza ukuba ukubaleka okwesihlandlo sesithathu (impumelelo lwafumaneka), kodwa wala. Le Washington wazibeka iziseko yesithethe, kamva eyabizwa inqaku ahambelana yomthetho, njengoko apho uMongameli kunyulwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe kabini.

ekupheleni Banal olukhulu ebomini

Dzhordzh Vashington wafa ngoDisemba 14, 1799. Unobangela yokufa kwale ndoda enkulu yaba kubanda, wafumana ngoxa ezisemahasheni ekhwele phezu bempahla yakhe. Medicine ngaloo minyaka yaba namandla nxamnye iingxaki, ochazwa laryngitis etsolo kunye nenyumoniya.

Kuba indima Washington edlalwa nokufunyanwa US ukuzimela kwaye ukuyilwa yonke le nkqubo karhulumente, kwimemori inzala nombulelo, yena jize isihloko "uYise beSizwe." umongameli US ukusukela Washington - Dzhon Adams - wayezixhasa izithethe elisekwe ezihlangwini zakhe, ukuba ibe nokudala uluntu enamandla yedemokhrasi.