Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Ibizwa ngokuba "aphoswe yingqondi." Yaye "umntu owaziwa kwizangqa elimxinwa ngokubanzi." Bambalwa abafundi namhlanje bayazi ukuba igama - Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. Okwangoku, uye wenze lukhulu kwiinkalo ezifana uncwadi, idrama, imbali, intanda kunye nethiyori ye yeqonga.

Intsapho nasekuqaleni kweminyaka

Wazalwa umsebenzi yenkcubeko elizayo kufuphi eKiev Februwari 11, 1887. Ubuzwe ePoland iinkolelo, zonqulo - zamaKatolika. Uyise - Dominik Aleksandrovich, umkhosi; ukuba umhlala-phantsi, kunye nentsapho yakhe baphuma Poland kuhlala kummandla kwezixeko unina Russian. Indlu nozuzwe ngemali, umhlalaphansi ekwanti.

Dominik Aleksandrovich wayesebenza ezimali, kunye nomfazi wakhe Fabiana Stanislavovna azinikela abantwana. Ngokuzimisela lasiwa umculo kunye nokudlala ipiyano ngobuhle, yena wabanika imfundo esemgangathweni yenkcubeko. Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund ndingoyena mncinane abantwana, kwafuneka oodade ezine abadala.

Inkwenkwe baqubuda unina, wamphatha ngobubele kwaye wazama ilifa imali yakhe. Ebutsheni lakhe ephupha lokuba opera yaye babesenza izifundo zomculo. Kodwa emva kokuphela Kiev Inombolo yesikolo 4 wangena University njengoko igqwetha. Abafundi wokupasa bakhe eyayiseKiev enengxolo, inemibala nezixineneyo. Lo mfana wasondela umba lwemfundo ngokuzimisela - ukongeza ulwazi emthethweni, wafumana ulwazi imbali kunye philology, zobu ezifanelekileyo.

Ngoxa umfundi, Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund waqalisa ukubhala umbongo. usiba yokuba ixesha fanele bahambe amanqaku ukuba lwenza ojikelezayo Europe.

umsebenzi Early

Emva kokufumana isidanga eyunivesithi ngo-1913, igqwetha oselula uzama basebenze elithile kwaye engena inkonzo lamagqwetha abancedisayo. Kodwa ixesha elide kule ndawo akayi igcinwe. Kakade emva kweminyaka emihlanu, uwisa umthetho kwaye ziya ababuyelanga kuyo ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili. Mhlawumbi isizathu soku yaba revolution ukuba kubangele wesiphithiphithi kunye nomthetho zadvinuvshaya ukuya kwikona kude. Okanye mhlawumbi, wawangawangisa nje Krzhizhanovskogo namasiko ...

Inqanaba elilandelayo umsebenzi wakhe umsebenzi ntsapho. Yena umi phambi abafundi somculo, Theatre Institute kunye namanye amaziko emfundo of Kiev, ebaxelela malunga psychology of ubuchule, umculo, iincwadi, imbali, yeqonga ezobugcisa, njalo njalo. D. A izifundo Utitshala abanetalente athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abatsha.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund uzama ukuqonda abe ngumbhali. Ezinye izinto zakhe, umbongo "Brigantine", ibali, "Jacobi waphinde" - nkqu yashicilelwa kwiimagazini.

eMoscow

Krzhizhanovskogo ulutsha lwaba uthotho lweziganeko ezibuhlungu. Omnye emva komnye, wafa ngabazali bakhe, ngoko udade oyintanda Elena, kwaye ngoko ke uyisekazi, lowo eyathatha wayenobubele kakhulu. Kwaye konke oku ezinye iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu.

Abafuna ukutshintsha ndithanda, Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich, Biography leyo ngokubanzi epheleleyo yokuhamba, sihamba kwi 22 kunyaka th eMoscow. Apha uvunayo Chamber Theatre, ofundisa e studio yakhe. Yokubonela efanayo yaba yiyo kuphela indawo apho Krzhizhanovsky akwazi ukubona umdlalo yakhe eqongeni. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Indoda Wayengubani ngoLwesine". Piece olubhaliweyo lusekelwe kwimveliso eyaziwayo Gilbert Chesterton. Eminye imisebenzi ekuchubekeni kwicandelo lomboniso, yeha, abakhange yasinda.

Udumo nobunzima

Xa ikomkhulu yiSoviet Union njengeqhawe kweli nqaku wawusebenza. Wayifunda amabali bakhe amafutshane, izincoko kunye neminye imisebenzi kunye ngokukhawuleza baba kakuhle ezaziwayo izangqa eMoscow ababhali yeqonga.

Kodwa ukuthandwa Krzhizhanovskogo ubutyebi ayizange naye. Wayesebenza lukhulu, esazi ukuba amanzi akuthethi flow phantsi kwelitye elele. Ixesha ingenzeka obukhulu, yaphela nep. ngoku ke zonke kunkqonkqoza umntu emnyango, "uGqr Schrott" (njengoko umbhali waza wabiza nendlala abahlobo bakhe). ekhempini kakhulu wajonga luthuthu ngexesha Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. Photo 20 emva kwexesha ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa yokuhlwempuzeka awayephila umbhali. Kodwa akazange anikezele kwaye bazama ukwenza ixesha elide kakhulu ukuba wayemthanda - yokubhala.

Imizamo phantse njalo ukuba abe engento - eprintiweyo ezilawulwa kunqabile kakhulu, kunye nesonka kwafuneka ukuba ngenye indlela. Krzyzanowski wayesebenza umhleli endlwini epapasha, balungiselela amaphepha-ntengiso, nkqu eshukumayo ezipheleleyo wabhala, lo mdlalo ngenxa opera ...

"Pushkin" kunye nexesha "Shakespeare"

Enye i "podrabotok" eyathatha Dominikovich yaba sisiqalo ixesha emsebenzini wakhe. Sithetha malunga umdlalo weqonga wencwadi opera "Eugene Onegin" yi Prokofiev.

Ochukumisayo Pushkin, umbhali ixesha elide ayikwazanga bahlukane kude kuyo. Wabhala amanqaku theoretical malunga nomsebenzi imbongi Russian kakhulu (umz: "I-Art of the epigraph (Pushkin)"), babesebenza "Dictionary of epigraphs" njalo-njalo. D.

Yaye ikhweyitha 30 ibilithuba kaShakespeare. Uzilungiselele umqulu wokuqala imisebenzi eqokelelwe of kwintshayelelo classic Krzhizhanovskogo waphefumlelwa ukuba abhale inani lamanqaku abazinikele umbhali le nkolelo "Hamlet."

Ngendlela, xa kuthelekiswa kwimisebenzi yoncwadi, maxa wambi ubuntatheli eyathatha Dominikovich eprintiweyo. Ingakumbi kwiimpapasho ezifana "Art yiSoviet" "Uncwadi umgxeki" kunye t. D.

"Othethwayo le ngqondi"

Ixesha "awuzali" inkoliso bobuchule Krzhizhanovskogo - 20-30s. Ngeli xesha isabelo ingonyama ngayo imisebenzi ebhaliweyo. Oku ezintlanu iincwadi zamabali, iincwadi ezintandathu ezimfutshane amabali, izincoko, iinoveli, imidlalo, kwangawo imbali kunye nethiyori ye yeqonga, yaza yapapashwa njalo njalo. D. kuphela ezimbalwa ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. Bangakwazi ngokoqobo unokuthenjwa iminwe yesandla sinye. Yona le mbono wonke umsebenzi yapapashwa kuphela "poetics yezihloko." weza yena abe iphamflethi eyahlukileyo. Ibali "The Return of Baron Munchausen" ukulungele ukuprinta, kodwa ngequbuliso umbhali evela kumshicileli wala.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund, ogama iincwadi akazange eze a nebafundi ebanzi, liye lanyanzeleka ukuba babhalele itafile. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• "Phambukela" Ilizwe "(1924).
• "Ingqokelela lemizuzwana" (1925).
• "Iincwadi esibulala Club" (1926).
• "Iinkumbulo the Future" (1929).
• "Neukushenny engqinibeni" (1940).

Kodwa ke Andithethi ngani ezinye Scribblers thina! abahlalutyi Modern zoncwadi endibabizele misebenzi zombhali, ukuthelekisa kunye ziyahlonelwa ngaloo minyaka - Camus, Kafka, Borges ... Wabhala kwinqanaba uncwadi yaseYurophu kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. imisebenzi zakhe zizityebi usingiselo, metatext, nokutyhilwa bezobugcisa nezimvo zobulumko enkulu, njl Ngokutsho hlobo na kubo ekunokuthiwa iprozi yengqondo, kunye uhlobo ozithandayo Krzhizhanovskogo - .. A mzekeliso.

Uyazibuza ukuba kutheni abashicileli ngoyaba iinkosi zoncwadi namhlanje oyikholelwayo ukuba nje ngaphambi kwexesha layo yaye Akukwazi kwinkqubo eSoviet. Kwaye oko ayikwazanga ukungena isakhelo yayo, akakwazanga bamkelekile. Eyathatha Dominikovich na ezibhaliweyo ezixhasa yeBhunga, kodwa engenabutshaba zabo. Wayenguye, njengoko kunjalo ngaphandle inkqubo ngaphezu kwayo. Kwaye ngom- zisabonakala.

Ngowe-1939 Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund waba lilungu Union Writers ', kodwa loo nto ayithethi ukuba negalelo kwishishini wokushicilela.

ozithandayo Krzhizhanovskogo

Ukongezelela uthando lwabo uncwadi yeqonga, waba eyathatha Dominikovich omnye, kodwa uthando engumlawuli. Wayekuthanda ukuhamba. Nokuba kule minyaka wayama ngayo, wakwazi ukubaleka ethile ubuncinane kangangeveki. Hambo wamphatha kuye ephefumlelweyo.

Ukuba uza kutyelela ilizwe elitsha, Krzyzanowski wafunda ngenyameko imbali yayo, kwendawo, isiko, uze uthelekise ingcamango oko akubona ngamehlo akhe. Le lokuhamba usoloko nezichwayitisayo, waza wabuyela ekhaya ngumntu omtsha.

Ngexesha uhambo wadibana inani lamadoda umdla ezinkulu, phakathi kwazo, umzekelo, Maximilian Voloshin kunye uAleksandr wagqabhuka yamkela ngovuyo walencwadi iCrimea eziphathekayo zasehlotyeni zabo.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich: ubomi ngayo umbhali

Sisahlala Kiev zokufundisa kubafundi, eyathatha oselula badibana nebhinqa ngubani iqabane yobomi bakhe. Igama lakhe Anna Gavrilovna Bovshek. Wayengumntwana weqonga, wayefunda kunye Stanislavsky. Kungekudala emva kokuba umhlobo sibi waya eMoscow, kunye Krzyzanowski, njengokuba sisazi, nathi, ekugqibeleni safudukela elikomkhulu USSR. Kukho baqhubeka ngokuthe ngcembe ubuhlobo babo ibuye ibe nolwalamano olusondeleyo kakhulu.

Noko ke, eyathatha kunye Anna waphila ngaphandle de kube yokugqibela kakhulu imihla zombhali. Ngenxa yoko, sizama ukugcina romance yamonga uthando kwawo kwiinkxwaleko yobomi.

Ziyancedisana zonke, baba incoko nokuthantamisa, babehamba kunye ... ubudlelwane babo imfudumalo, intlonipho kunye nobuhlobo.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ukususela ngo-1940 Krzyzanowski iye phantse akazange abhale imisebenzi yobugcisa. Lo gama basebenza kwi lukhulu. Ngexesha lemfazwe, eMoscow akazange abashiye, ekholelwa ukuba umbhali kufuneka uhlale apho umxholo. Oku lisukela emva kwixesha zezincoko emininzi eyinkunzi kunye imfazwe.

Bathi ke, njengokuba ngaphambili, azikhange zikhutshiwe. Kuba ubomi eyathatha Dominikovich iinguqulelo zuza.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe kwagqub izigulo ezinzulu. Xa yakhe, Anna Bovshek ubhala malunga lwegazi kunye nezinye. isifo kwaba sisiphumo umonakalo wobuchopho elijongene kwinkumbulo. Kwaye Krzyzanowski wakhohlwa alphabet. Akaba nako ukubhala nokufunda - hayi. Kwaye kwaba yintlekele yokwenene akanako umntu ukucinga ngokwam ngaphandle iincwadi.

bonke ubomi bakhe ipasiswe ubuhlwempu kunye neentlungu. Ukuba kakhulu singenamandla, eyathatha Dominikovich wafudukela umfazi wakhe kwigumbi encinane yakhe. Wafa ngoDisemba 28, 1950.

lemveli

In Krzyzanowski yena engenabantwana. I musa ukundishiya ngasemva, kwaye nengcwaba, hayi kanye mandithi, engaziwa apho akhoyo. Kodwa ilifa ubuchule buchopho basinda ... Kwaye zonke enkosi kwimisebenzi ngumfazi onothando, ngubani ziqokelelwa ngocoselelo amaphetshana, ebhalwe ngesandla lweenkobe.

Kungumngcipheko kakhulu ngamaxesha zocindezelo, ngokugcina i-ngqangi ekhaya. Ke akuhlanjululwanga namnye kubo buhlungu.

Njengoko umbhali yena, umfazi wakhe akazange alinde ukuba upapasho imisebenzi. Kuphela yee- emva kwexesha abafundi badibana yombhali igama Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. imisebenzi ezigcinwe kakuhle Imiqulu bakhe abathandathu Russian yashicilelwa ukususela 2001 ukuya ku-2012. Oku kuquka phantse yonk 'into eye ebhalwe ngumbhali: imisebenzi iprowuzi kwaye sedrama, kunye ithiyori, kwaye nabanye oonobumba.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich, iinyaniso umdla ezo zichazwe kweli nqaku, wayeyindoda engaqhelekanga. bexesha lakhe abazange bayiqonde loo nto, yaye ngoku zokudala "misebenzi miss" ayikwazi ngokuba ubunzima. Kodwa abo emthanda ngokwenene iincwadi yeqonga, oko kuya othanda uqinisekise.