Zhorzh Sand: A Biography yombhali. Iinoveli ubomi lobuqu Aurora Dupin

Baroness Rich, owazalwa ukugcina izithethe zamandulo, kodwa akalalelanga uluvo loluntu kunye ubomi bam bonke ekuhleni bavukela imigaqo yakhe - yiloo oko Aurora Amandine Lyusil Dyupen, eyaba inyathelo ngokuqinileyo kwimbali yehlabathi phantsi elabo athobekile Zhorzh Sand.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze le ndawo ebomini kwasekwa kudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa Aurora kunye neziganeko mandundu kwi ebuntwaneni bakhe.

okhokho zobunene

It nje Kwenzeka ukuba indlela emiselweyo izidwangube ngenkulungwane XVIII ukutshata kuphela kunye ufanelwe emehlweni amaqashiso yokukhanya, uze nizibophe imicimbi uthando ezingenakubalwa ecaleni. Kamva, ezinye kwinzala ongumgqakhwe pha ngokusemthethweni. Ngomhla enye amasebe na umthi edidayo ukuze emilibeni yokuzalwa yatyatyamba iintyantyambo, amahlumelo abatsha Amandine Aurora - ukuba igama lokwenyani Zhorzh Sand, owamnikayo ekuzalweni.

Phakathi ookhokho lakhe kuluhlu uKumkani of Poland, ngubani nahlukana inkosikazi yakhe, uMaria Aurora phambi kokuzalwa unyana wakhe Maurice, kunjalo, wathabatha inxaxheba ekukhuleni kwakhe umsebenzi wakhe ukunceda. Kwelinye icala, Morits Saksonsky waba mistresses ezininzi, enye yazo wazala kuMaria Aurora. Noko ke, zimbiza intombi yakhe, waba Musa ukungxama. ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni yena ufumene kuphela emva kokufa kukayise. Yena kabini utshatile ngempumelelo kakhulu waza waba kungekudala nomhlolokazi nonyana wakhe okuphela kwakhe kunye nesimo umxhelo. Nanku unyana, waza wazala umbhali elizayo adumileyo yehlabathi.

abazali

Kuninzi kakhulu loo nto ibenza kunina wakhe, ubomi bakhe Moris Dyupen ezinxulumene abafazi imvelaphi efumileyo. Sophie Victoria Delabord wasebenzisa ukuba ngumdanisi kunye wayedume kakubi. Kangangexesha elide, Maria Aurora zange ayamkele into yokuba umtshato yaye abazange bade bafune ukubona abazukulwana zam. Sophie Victoria wazala abantwana ababini, uMaurice - Aurora kunye Auguste. Ke inkwenkwe wafa ukusuka sifo ebuntwaneni.

ukufa kaMaurice ngequbuliso ngenxa yengozi yabangela beqinile Maria Aurora kwakhona isimo sabo ukuba umzukulwana encinane, efana kakhulu unyana wakhe. Mam Dupin wagqiba ukuzisa intombazana njengenenekazi wokwenene nentombi bafaka mandikhethe - nokuba yena ishiya ilifa, ngokubonelela ngabalondolozi e-mthetho, okanye Aurora okuseleyo ngaphandle ilifa.

Sophie Victoria wakhetha kweyokuqala, waya Paris ukuba amalungiselelo bakhe ubomi lobuqu. Le umsantsa yaba umonzakalo intombazana encinane. Yena ndandineminyaka emine kuphela ubudala xa yena waphulukana kuyise wayo, kwaye ngoku nangoku bahlukaniswa kunye nomama wakhe, lowo yena amthanda. Nangona baqhubeka ukubona wambi, uSophie Victoria akazange abe ukuba intombi yakhe okanye umhlobo okanye nomkhuseli okanye umcebisi. Ngoko ke ndisemncinane, Aurora kwafuneka afunde ukuthembela ngokwabo benze izigqibo ezizezabo.

ulutsha

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-14 ubudala, umakhulu wam, njengoko esamkelwa, wamthumela indlu zokubhoda kwi woonongendi kuqeqesho. Apha bayathatheka Aurora kuxhotyiswa anomdla kwihlabathi ezingaziwayo ngokomoya. Yena ke ingqondo ukunamathela, kwaye wayengawuvali umlomo wabambeka ezikhoyo iincwadi weemonki.

Ngelo xesha, ugogo wakhe babethwayo kuqala. Besoyika ukuba xa kuthe ngokufa heiress oselula iya kulandela ekhondweni likayise nelizwi lonina, uMaria Aurora ugqiba ukutshata naye ngoko nangoko, alithabathe ukusuka weemonki.

Noko ke, nokuba umncinane kangakanani ukuba umntwana, umtshato lula, wamelana ngamandla kakhulu, yaye kungekudala Maria Aurora bamshiya izicwangciso zalo. Ukususela ngoko ke ngobomi Zhorzh Sand yabhalwa kwimbali enkulu isandla sayo kwayena.

Ngoko ke, lo heiress nyaka elishumi elinesithandathu ubudala iye yabuyela kwilifa lakhe Nohant, apho wachitha ixesha lakhe iincwadi njengefashoni ngexesha Chateaubriand, Pascal, Aristotle kunye nezinye zobulumko ukufunda.

Aurora Young wayekuthanda ukuhamba. Linxibe iimpahla zamadoda kwaye uye sibethwe elide endhawini Noana. Ngaloo mihla ke ingqalelo ukuziphatha ubudenge, kodwa intombazana zange awukhathalele loo uhletywa bengasebenzi.

zokuphila ezizimeleyo

Ngelo elinesibhozo, emva kokufa uninakhulu, Aurora watshata Casimir Dyudevan. Ukuze kube nokwakhiwa emtshatweni ayikwazanga - kakhulu izinto ezahlukeneyo yena ukuba nomyeni wakhe. Yazala unyana, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha waqalisa ukuseka ngokwabo abathandi.

Ngowe-1831, Aurora liyagungqa omnye inkanuko, Jules Sando, eParis. Ukuba uya kuba noxanduva igama layo - Zhorzh Sand. Ukubonelela ngokwabo e Paris, eli nenekazi ugqiba ukuqala umsebenzi kakhulu wokubhala.

I inoveli wokuqala - "uMkomishinala" yaye "Rose and Blanche," zabhalelwa ngentsebenziswano ne Jules Sando esayiniweyo igama lakhe, njengoko usapho amanene akazange afune ukubona igama Dyudevan kuqweqwe lencwadi. Imisebenzi zaba yimpumelelo, kwaye Aurora wagqiba ukuzama isandla sakhe emsebenzini elizimeleyo. Ngoko ke wazalwa inoveli "Indiana".

Sando walile ukwamkela umxakatho obungasifanelanga. Kunye nabapapashi, kwelinye icala, wanyanzelisa ukuba le ncwadi kufuneka kuthengiswa kuphela utyikityo yoluntu intanda yombhali. Ke Aurora wagqiba kwelokuba asuse enye ileta kwegama lokugqibela uze ufakele igama obudoda. Ngoko ke wawubonakala namhlanje alias Aurora Dupin - Zhorzh Sand.

imikhuba imigodi

Emva kokuba sifudukele eParis, umbhali oselula ekuqaleni kwaba mfutshane kancinane kwemali. Mhlawumbi oku ekuqaleni ngenxa indlela yayo wayenxibe iimpahla zabantu. Yaba eshushu, ukhululekile kuhambisana izihlandlo ezahlukeneyo. Kamva, Noko ke, sele kakuhle awaziwayo abazizityebi, Aurora kwaye ashiywe ilokhwe ezinjalo.

Ngaphezu koko, kungekudala naxa sincokola labucala waqalisa ukuba zincede zikhethe igama Georges, endaweni igama lomfazi Aurora. Oku kwavusa intlebendwane yabaninzi orientation yesini.

ukuqaphela zoncwadi

Ukuqala imisebenzi "Indiana" kwaye yabhalwa phantsi ukuze kumgca wokugqibela, iinoveli ka Zhorzh Sand ebesoloko zashiy ezahlukahlukeneyo abasabela ngayo abafundi. Enye into kukuba qiniseka - ke musa ukumyekela nabani akanankathalo. Abaninzi imangaliseke kubo nangakumbi - ukugxekwa.

Umbhali ephakanyiswe kumaphepha zeencwadi yakhe evuthayo izihloko. Yena wabhala ingcinezelo yabafazi, libotshelelwe izithethe zentlalo lixesha. Wabiza ndilwe ndize ndoyise, ezingenakulinganiswa ukufumana impendulo eluntwini, iingcamango nexhala revolution ...

star romance

Umbhali odumileyo waba nezithandane ezininzi. Noko ke, edume kakhulu nomdlali abatsha abanetalente. Frederic Chopin and Zhorzh Sand asahlala kunye ngaphezu kweminyaka elithoba. Noko ke, le kulwalamano olunjalo kuthiwa banoyolo. abagulayo njalo badl 'umsebenzi wakhe Frederic kwakufuneka umongikazi kunokuba senkosikazi. Sand Kwaye kungekudala waqalisa ukudlala indima yakhe yokuba umama ukutshiseka, kodwa hayi iqabane.

Kunye yezakhiwo, ezi ulwalamano bokufa. Noko ke, ngokutsho nabagxeki, imisebenzi yakhe emihle Chopin nesanti wabhala kubomi babo kunye.

nokubhala

Igalelo umbhali nenkuthalo kuncwadi ayikwazi nemikhuba. Kumashumi eminyaka nje ezimbalwa umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa, uye ebhaliweyo ngaphezu kwekhulu iinoveli namabali, inani elikhulu amanqaku journalistic, yaba ngobomi multi-umthamo iqanjwa 18 leedarike. Ukongeza, kukho ngaphezulu kwe-18 amawaka iileta Zhorzh Sand. Iincwadi ezibhalwe nguye, zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba kude.

Kodwa ke, ayikho ubungakanani nje. At kwasekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe Sand ngokuzimeleyo iphuhlise uhlobo zoncwadi entsha ngokupheleleyo - kwinoveli yothando nasengqondweni. Kuyinto isici enciphisa inani loonobumba kunye neziganeko, kwaye igxininisa kumava yabalinganiswa.

imizekelo ezicacileyo yale uhlobo zezi "linguConsuelo," "The sisidwangube eRudolstadt", "Nguye".

impilo UYobi

Iminyaka 25 yokugqibela yobomi bakhe Zhorzh Sand wachitha kwi kwilifa lakhe Nohant. Uqhuba ukubhala iinoveli kodwa, bephuma usiba lwakhe ngeli xesha, musa Lingabi mhlophe ukuba ngenyameko nomnqweno alwe olwenze imisebenzi 1830s. Age kunye noqhekeko kubomi wempangelo bazenza ngayo.

Ngoku Sand elide ubhala malunga ngamakhubalo yobomi yasemaphandleni, uthando abefundisi cwaka esifubeni wendalo. It ishiya ngaphandle kakhulu-ukuthandwa iingxaki zakhe lokuqala entsonkothileyo kwezentlalo kunye ugqaliso ihlabathi encinane engaphakathi zabalinganiswa zakhe.

Zhorzh Sand wafa ngowe-1876 eneminyaka engama-72. Ngeli xesha udumo lwakhe zoncwadi sele zigxile kuphela eFransi kodwa kude ngaphaya kwemida yawo. On belingana Viktorom Gyugo kunye uCharles Dickens Zhorzh Sand kuthiwa sezifundo kakhulu ngexesha lakhe. Ayimangalisi loo nto, kuba yena wayekwazi ngokuphumela yonke imisebenzi yakhe liphumeze iingcamango inceba nemfesane.