Okubangelwa abantu nokusingqongileyo: iingxaki nezisombululo

imisebenzi yabantu kuzo zonke iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kokusingqongileyo, kwaye ngenxa yoko kunye nabanye kokusingqongileyo. izinto Modern indoda-ezenziwe zikhokelele isiphumo ngokugqithiseleyo ukomelezwa Parikova, kwamaqondo obushushu, ozone luya, imvula acid kunye nezinye iingxaki zokusingqongileyo.

ukhuseleko kwivayirasi

Namhlanje impembelelo ngabantu umoya kakhulu. Yonke imihla kukho iinkampani ezintsha kunye neemoto ukuba kukhutshwe isixa esikhulu yerhasi. Bonke babo buzinze emoyeni, ekhokelela ekuveleni nempembelelo enamandla greenhouse effect. Ngoko ke ubuchule obuthile yeegesi aqukuqela komhlaba planet kwemitha yelanga ngakumbi.

Xa ngumlinganiselo endalo greenhouse effect lelinye izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, njengokuba isenziwa Bulelani kuye, siya kusindiswa iqondo njengesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwanda xiyimiso igesi umoya le eseleyo egxobhekile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, namhlanje, zobume bathi ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu emhlabeni wonke.

Ukukhutshwa carbon dioxide

impembelelo ebonakalayo ngabantu emoyeni ngenxa yezinto eziliqela. Oku ngokuyintloko ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dioxide. Kuye ongcolileyo oluphantsi, kodwa mbi emoyeni amashumi eminyaka. Ngoko ke, xi icarbon dioxide ikhula iba yingxaki yehlabathi ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa kwangaxeshanye nangokuzithemba.

Lo mthombo iphambili kweziyobisi umoya - processing kunye avuthayo oyile, amalahle, igesi, ngamanye amazwi, Amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye. ukubaluleka kwawo ukuze uluntu ayikwazi nemikhuba - ngenxa la mafutha uvelisa malunga ne-80% ye-eneji yehlabathi. Ngelo xesha, iimfuno zoluntu bakhule. Kukho mveliso ezintsha, umzi - konke oku komeleza ifuthe abantu kwi-atmosfera. ubonelelo kunyaka ngamnye carbon dioxide okusingqongileyo yanda nge malunga nesiqingatha njengepesenti point.

Kukho nezinye izizathu ezinyanzela ukuba okusingqongileyo. Ngaloo ukuhla kancinane Ihlathi nemimandla ethandwa yimvula ebangela ukukhululwa eyongezelelweyo carbon oxidized. Le nkqubo negalelo imvelo kuphela kodwa umntu. umsebenzi wayo esebenzayo kwezoqoqosho unobangela isithole ngcembe phantsi amahlathi ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Ngenxa yotshintsho ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dioxide esesibhakabhakeni ukwanda isiphumo kuquka iilwandle, ethintela kwaye eyibhangisa ezimbaxa. Le nqubo yemvelo, olinganise apho kwaphulwa ngenxa yokungenelela kwabantu. Scale exchange phakathi emoyeni kunye ungqameko zinzulu yolwandle nangoku ngqo malunga noku. peculiarity lwayo kukuba le nkqubo yenzelwe utshintsho yonke ecosystem xa iyonke. Ekubeni okubangelwa abantu ojikeleze luchaphazela ifotosinthesisi, apho ukuvuselela umthombo le carbon dioxide.

methane kwemfuneko

Yi greenhouse effect kwandiswa kwakhona ngenxa xi ophezulu methane, likhula ngenxa izinto zabantu. kokuba akheke vivo e anemigxobhozo, xa erayisi, njalo njalo. d. Kodwa namhlanje, malunga-60% methane emoyeni kuvela ukutshiswa kwezimbiwa zokubasa, yokucokisa oyile negesi. Zonke ezi zinto ukwandisa impembelelo yabantu kwi-atmosfera.

Ngokufutshane semvelo iindlela zayo zokunciphisa isixa methane. Le nto ezingazinzanga. It liyasuswa emoyeni ngenxa intsebenziswano kunye nabanye iikhompawundi, kuquka hydroxyl ion. Kodwa, nkqu ezi iinkqubo zendalo namhlanje ayikwazi ukugcina uyondelelwano lwee- methane sikhokelo yesiqhelo. Ukuthelekisa amanani ka modernity ziwayo pre-mveliso, izazinzulu ziye kufika kwisigqibo sokuba ngeli xesha amanani basukela ngaphezu kabini, nto leyo akakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle nemiphumela ehlabathini lonke.

global warming

Ngenxa abamba nangakumbi kobushushu ehlabathini kule nkulungwane lokugqibela iye yenyuka ngokomyinge nge-0,6 ° C. Leyo yindlela ifuthe elibi nempembelelo oluntu kwi-atmosfera. Kwaye nangona amanani zisenokubonakala amancinci ingenamsebenzi, enyanisweni, utshintsho nkqu utshintshe kakhulu biosphere.

ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ezinxulumene yokungenelela kwabantu, okukhawulezayo ezikhundleni luhamba ngesantya esincomekayo ukususela ngowe-1980. xa amazwe amaninzi baqalisa ukuba kuvela izityalo ezitsha ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye kukho isithonga esitsholo imoto. alarm yokuqala wabonisa kwezenkolo, kwaye ke eminye izazinzulu. Izifundo ngalo mba ziye zabanjwa kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX, xa kwakukho ubugcisa bale mihla olufunekayo imilinganiselo ephezulu-ngqo lobushushu kwaye bashwankathela uluhlu elikhulu data evela ehlabathini lonke.

Liqikelele elizayo

Namhlanje kukho imizekelo emininzi theoretical ukuba ezinye izenzakalo. Ukuba impembelelo yezenzo zesintu emoyeni iya kuhlala injalo okanye ukuqhubeka ukukhula (olu khetho yeyona kusenokwenzeka), ukukhutshwa greenhouse gases uya kwandisa kancinci. Ngu XXII ikhulu ubushushu ukunyuka kwi 2-3 ° C. Ngoko utshintsho mkhulu kuya kwenzeka kwindawo Arctic kunye arctic. Isiphumo kakhulu okubonakalaliswayo ukunyibilika kakhulu ezihambayo. Le nkqubo yaqala namhlanje.

Ifuthe Umsebenzi ngabantu emoyeni iya kukhokelela kuloo ukwanda kwezulu. mephu yabo nokwabiwa ziya kuba kakhulu nemibala ngakumbi kunokuba kunjalo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kweentlekele ezahlukeneyo zendalo ezifana tsunami, izaqhwithi, iinkanyamba. Intlekele efanayo kwenzeka ekupheleni 2005, kunxweme elingasemntla Indian Ocean, yabulala abantu malunga 300 amawaka.

Ngenxa ekunciphiseni zomkhenkce polar kunye entabeni, inqanaba umndilili iilwandle liyaqhubeka likhula. Kule minyaka ilikhulu idluleyo, waphakama ku-10 - 20 cm. Nanamhlanje, olusemngciphekweni umkhenkce sheets ka-Antarctica kunye Greenland zinyibilika umkhenkce. Ukukhula inqanaba yolwandle iya kuba negalelo elikhulu kwimimandla yonxweme apho abantu abaninzi abahlala. zibandakanya eNetherlands, Bangladesh kunye t. d Le mimandla.

Kakade ke, gqaba-gqaba ngendlela nempembelelo kwimpilo yabantu bangena kunye nexesha kunye notshintsho. Konke kuxhomekeke ukuzalana abantu nemisebenzi yabo ishishini. Kumazwe amaninzi namhlanje baba imithombo ezithandwayo ezizezinye energy ngokusebenzisa apho ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa iimveliso zepetroliyam kunye namanye amafutha eyingozi. Umzekelo, ukuba omoyo kunye solar. Ingxaki yezothutho kwakhona isigqibo inqanaba. Abanye abenzi eziphambili wagons zigxininise ngomba nokuphucula imifuziselo asebenzisa umbane.

Ukwehla ye-ozone

warming kakhulu - ukuba nje ingxaki eshukumisa nefuthe elibi oluntu kwi-atmosfera. Ukongeza, i-ozone wamginya ngenxa izinto zabantu. Kungenxa kule eziFihliweyo, kwintaba ephakame malunga 25 neekhilomitha. Lo maleko ubhityileyo ikhusela phezu komhlaba kwimitha yelanga, umthombo yona ilanga.

Ngenxa ozone kwi eziFihliweyo kwabunjwa iimeko azivumi ukuba ukuvela ukuphila emhlabeni. Xa isetyenziswe yelanga imitha ukuba iindlela kakhulu umhlaza eluswini, izifo zamehlo, ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo omzimba. Ukongeza, oko kukhokelela ekuncipheni izivuno okuziinkozo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwizidalwa elwandle kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibi kokusingqongileyo.

Impembelelo embi yeegesi kwi umzimba womntu ayikho komncinane ngenxa yokuba ngenxa yokuba izinto zabantu ozone walahlekelwa malunga ne-5% sobunzima yabo. Ngowe-1984, abaphandi baseBritani ukufunda Antarctica baye bafumanisa buyinto emangalisayo. Kweli lizwekazi, baye wabhala ozone "umngxuma" emikhulu - ukuwa umgangatho ozone kuyo kwi-40% ngezantsi avareji. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, namhlanje, iplanethi yethu ifumana amaxesha 10 imitha yelanga, xa kuthelekiswa kunye neenqobo zendalo.

Umba ozone kuye umqondiso luphumelela kokusingqongileyo. iindibano ezininzi kumazwe ngamazwe ziye isayinwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX, njengoko apho ulawulo kumazwe ahambele phambili wavuma ukunciphisa imveliso yawo, ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa chlorofluorocarbons. kuvela mgaqweni ezifana yingozi kanye ngenxa yezi zinto.

imvula eneasidi

impembelelo Human kwi-atmosfere elinye imilo. Inxulunyaniswa ukwanda iasidi. Ngesayensi, inkqubo ebizwa Ukuba muncu. Yokukhulisa iqala asidi kwimeko-bume, uze imvula lutshintsho ezifanayo kwenzeka eendaba zolwelo kunye nemihlaba.

Xa iimeko zendalo, eli nani obuthathaka okanye cala. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa umoya nitrogen nesulfure oxides kuvela yingozi acid kwezulu. izenzakalo ezifanayo lungavela yezizathu yendalo, umz, emva kokuba dubulo. Kodwa umsebenzi yabantu kunegalelo ebuncwaneni igalelo mkhulu. Idatha ziquka ukutshisa ezimbiwa fuels zinto. Oku kuqala amalahle, esetyenziswa boilers, izityalo wamandla oshushu, ushishino oyile kunye yokunyibilikisa isinyithi.

Agriculture - omnye unobangela imvula eneasidi. Sola izichumisi nitrogen, leyo bonke abalimi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo zisetyenziswa ezininzi. Chemical kumane emhlabeni, yaye ukusuka apho ukuya kwezinye iindawo okusingqongileyo, kuquka emoyeni.

Ngokusebenzisa imvula eneasidi kwi ecosystem kunye umonakalo amahlathi, aphantsi komhlaba, amachibi kunye nemilambo. Ngenxa initrogen kukho ulwelwe ezingakumbi, nto leyo ukufumana umoya. Ukongeza, i-atmosfera iya kubhuqwa ngokuguqula radiation imvelaphi on Earth, kwakunye nentsalela kwezondlo kokusingqongileyo.

ungcoliseko lomoya

Yonke imihla, inkampani wamandla oshushu, ishishini lwekhemikhali, izinyithi ahle kunye non-ayoni ayikhuphi izinto ezintsha eziyingozi. Oku kukhokelela ngasemva ungcoliseko lomoya kwiindawo ezinkulu kuwo onke amazwe. Ecosystem imizi mihla izele eziqinileyo (umzekelo, isinyithi enzima), kunye utyani kuyo ezi Webhsayithi okanye siguqulwe. Isizathu sokuba yonke le ukwehla - kukufakwa emoyeni phantse yonke lwezakhi.

Ingxaki jikelele, nokwadala ubomi izigidi zabantu, kufuna izisombululo kakhulu. Namhlanje, i imeko embi nempembelelo kwimpilo yabantu kukhokelele kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe ezintsha ezinxulumene ukucocwa kwenkunkuma ubomi kunye nemveliso. Kangangexesha elide abantu baye balwa kunye nongcoliseko ngokucoca kubo. Ixesha iye yabonisa ukuba le ndlela engalunganga.

Ngxaki kufuneka kuthintelwa, ukuba ukusombulula emva zisenzeka. Ukuze wenze oku, ume ngaphandle imimandla yococeko-ukhuseleko, ukungenisa isicwangciso lweedolophu ezitsha kwanokwakhiwa mveliso. Ekugqibeleni, yaqalisa nezithintelo owiso-mthetho kunye nezohlwayo. amagunya karhulumente esisigxina ixabiso ubuninzi boxinzelelo kuvumelekile kwezinto olonakalisayo apha emoyeni. Esweni kwaye iitsheki rhoqo yongcoliseko lomoya. Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezithile ngokubanzi akuvumelekanga okanye imiqathango kakhulu.

Health kwetrayi

Ifuthe elibi yongcoliseko lomoya kwimpilo yabantu iyaqhubeka ukukhula ukuba eminyaka adlule. Abantu (ngakumbi abo baphila kwizixeko) yonke imihla uphefumlele izinto ezinobungozi emoyeni. Oku amasuntswana asbestos, carbon emnyama, bakhokele uhlobo eziqinileyo, sulphuric acid kunye hydrocarbon ngohlobo zamathontsana amancinci, kwakunye neegesi ezahlukeneyo. Ithathwe ndawonye, iimpembelelo zonke ezi zinto asenokuzichaphazela ukuphefumla. Ukongeza, oko konyusa ingozi Cardio nemithambo indalo.

Ifuthe longcoliseko lomoya kwimpilo yabantu kuxhomekeka ukuthambekela ongaphakathi emzimbeni ukuba isifo esithile. Kodwa izehlo izifo umkhwa jikelele, leyo ixhomekeke enamandla enkulu into ethile. Umzekelo, carbon monoxide, iikhompawundi isalfure, propylene, okunamafutha acid, izifo yepeyinti mercury ityala ezinxulumene kwegazi. Izifo izitho kunye nenkqubo luvo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobukho iikhompawundi chromium kunye dust. Phenol, fluoro, uthuli, emanzini kunye carbon disulfide imihlaba yokuza- echumileyo ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo izitho zokugaya.

iimveliso zepetroliyam, iarseniki kunye benzene engena emoyeni namhlanje ingxaki enkulu kwindawo eyahlukileyo kancinane. Zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela umsebenzi okuzala omzimba womntu. Eli qela zikwaquka iikhompawundi organic, kuquka iidioksini.

umonakalo kwizithuthi

Ngokutsho izibalo izazinzulu 'kwi ukukhutshwa avareji kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni kwaye kunciphisa ubomi emoyeni ixesha leminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5. Ifuthe longcoliseko lomoya kwi okhula ngenxa ngokuyintloko nanini-ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa imoto. ISibasi utshiswe oomatshini ngokulinganayo kwaye hayi ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yoko kwimeko bume yendawo kwaye ufumane izinto eziyingozi ngabantu. Xa uqhuba kuyaphela-15% kuphela ipetroli. I-85% ezifakwe emoyeni kwaye ufake umoya.

Kwegumbi omlilo of the injini kwi inqwelo a reactor imichiza, nokudaleka compound entsha ityhefu. Nangona ngokubanzi ngenxa kwezinye izinto, kukho nefuthe elihle ngabantu emoyeni, zonke ezi iingenelo esiwabonayo kuthelekiswa iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi iyasebenza ipetroli. Koomatshini ahlale ezikhutshwayo eqinileyo ezinjengezo uthuthu lweziko kunye bakhokele. Sibekwe phezu hydrocarbon kumphezulu, ezinye zazo kwandisa umngcipheko nomhlaza.