Kwiintsali ukukhanya

Le umqadi ukukhanya edlula bemilo esingunxantathu baphambuke emaphethelweni elele malunga ekujikeni refracting prizim. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba nje iqela ukukhanya emhlophe, kuba emva kokuba pass ngemehlo, hayi kuphela abamgatyayo, kodwa kwakhona abole abe imiqadi bebala. Le nto ke kuthiwa kwiintsali ukukhanya. Ekuqaleni wafunda Isaakom Nyutonom ngo-1666 kuthotho imifuniselo ezimangalisayo.

Lo mthombo ukukhanya e Newton amalinge waba umngxuma omncinane setyhula ibekwe kwibhokisi shutter kukukhanya kwelanga. Xa phambi emngxunyeni iye imvelaphi inyuselwa kwimilo phezu kodonga endaweni amabala ngeenxa ukukhangeleka enemibala umgca, ekuthiwa Newton kuluhlu. Loo Spector iqulathe nemibala ezisixhenxe eziziiprayimari: bomvu, orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, umbala oluhlaza, nemisonto emsi nemfusa, ngokuthe ngcembe utshintsho ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye. Ngamnye kubo yomzalwane kwisithuba spectrum ezohlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Ubude omkhulu a band ezimfusa, zincinane - ebomvu.

La mava elandelayo kukuba umqadi ube mnye olubanzi reyi ezinemibala, wafumana usebenzisa bemilo, isikrini kunye umngxuma omncinane wema ngaphandle imiqadi emnxinwa umbala athile kuthunyelwa prizim sesibini.

Prism ukwala nabo, ayitshintshi umbala kwezi reyi. reyi ezifana kuthiwa ezilula okanye monochromatic (omnye umbala).

Amava abonisa ukuba kwimitha ezibomvu va ecaleni encinci xa kuthelekiswa ozuba, ngamanye imiqadi umbala ezahlukileyo refracted ngokwahlukileyo prizim.

Ukuqokelela lens enemibala iinyanda semitha bephuma bemilo, Newton ndafumana screen emhlophe endaweni zipeyintwe umfanekiso komcu lokuvula emhlophe.

Kuzo zonke ezi amalinge, Newton wenza izigqibo zilandelayo:

• mhlophe ukukhanya kwindalo kuba kukukhanya enzima, equka imisebe ezinemibala;
• emaphikweni umbala ekukhanyeni ezahlukeneyo, kwaye indices zokunganyangeki ningabameli ezahlukeneyo; ngenxa yoku, xa umqadi ukukhanya ezimhlophe baphambuke iprism, oko ibolile ibe oonomathotholo;
• Xa uxhulumaniso ezinemibala imisebe spectrum, ngoko kwakhona ukufumana ukukhanya emhlophe.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ukuchithachitheka ukukhanya - into leyo kuvela uxhomekeko i index zokunganyangeki kwimfuyo neembono (okanye ukwenzeka).

Ubhekiso ukukhanya waphawula nje kuphela xa ukukhanya idlula kwimilo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ezahlukeneyo, loo refraction bokukhanya. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, refraction kwi amathontsi amanzi ilanga kulandele yokubola yayo rays ezimibalabala, oku kuboniswa umnyama Ukwakheka.

Newton spectrum lokulawula le bemilo kunokuba ngokubanzi zezindlu msebe kwelanga kumngxuma ngeenxa senziwe shutter.

Spectrum ngaloo endibufumeneyo uthotho umbala imifanekiso ezahlukeneyo imingxunya ngeenxa sifana inxalenye omnye nomnye. Ukuze ufumane spectrum ngakumbi olusulungekileyo, isifundo mkhuba kwiintsali ukukhanya, Newton wacebisa ukuba ukusebenzisa umngxuma ngeenxa zonke; kunye noqhoqhoqho parallel emxinwa ukuya refracting enyeleni prizim. Nge lens kwi kwikhusi ifunyenwe umfanekiso ecacileyo noqhoqhoqho kwaye emva koko zifakwe emva bemilo lensi enika zazo.

Le spectra kakhulu ecocekileyo eqaqambileyo zifunyenwe ngoncedo izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - spectrometers kunye spectrographs.

Kukufakwa ukukhanya - zesiganeko apho amandla yomtshangatshangiso ukukhanya kunciphisa kunye eѐ udlulayo mba. Oku kungenxa noguqulo lwamandla ukukhanya amaza zibe namandla kwimitha zasesekondari, okanye ngamanye amazwi, ukuba amandla lwangaphakathi material leyo eye sisincoko eyahlukileyo ecacicleyo kunye nezinye indlela andise.

yokufunxa kungabangela ubushushu umbandela, ionization okanye excitation-athom okanye molecule reactions nomsi kunye nezinye iinkqubo kulo mbandela.