Isigodlo Armenian Surb Khach: inkcazelo, imbali kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Amangcwaba izakhiwo ibandla Armenian, apho isigodlo Surb Khach (Old eCrimea), azakubalulwa sisincoko ezizodwa kunye nesimbo ekhethekileyo. Izakhiwo xesha lamandulo ayikho nibeke phi yaye umdla ziya kuba tyelelo woonongendi. Sasikho malunga nenkulungwane emva kwenkulungwane ye-14, yaye ibonakalisa iimpawu ezikhanyisayo zakhiwo emveli Armenian.

Imbali yokwakha

Ngenkulungwane 12-13, enamandla karhulumente yamandulo Armenia na ukuhla ngenxa kuhlasela njalo basemzini, yaye oku kukhokelela imfuduko ezinkulu zabemi kunye nokuhanjiswa nenkcubeko Armenian kwezinye iindawo. Iqela elikhulu Armenia bafudukela eCrimea, apho ngelo xesha imithetho yeRiphabliki Genoa, leyo yenye kwimisebenzi yayo ingqalelo ukwanda lobuKatolika. Armenian Christian bedinga uphawu cwaka uya umva nokumelana iCrimea, kwaye ke ngoko kukho ukwanda kakhulu yoonongendi ezintsha orthodox. Isigodlo Surb Khach kwi eCrimea yasekwa ngo-1358. Waba yokusabela iziko ngokomoya Armenia abasuka ezweni lawo. Wahlala ke lesikhumbuzo inkulu inkcubeko Armenian kwi eCrimea. Ngenkulungwane ye-15, xa abahlaseli Turkish elidlavula amazwe siqithi, woonongendi iye yasinda, kuba iintshaba abavuki isandla ukutshabalalisa indawo yamandla enjalo. Kwiinkulungwane 17-18, woonongendi yakhiwe kwaye likhula izihlandlo eziliqela. Ngokuthe ngcembe, Cross Holy yaba liziko enkulu oluya kuba unxweme Sea Black. Ngowe-1778, kukho yokufudukela amakhulu Armenia emazweni iCrimea kwi Lower Don ngokuyalelwa uKumkanikazi uCatherine II. Kunye nobuzalwane woonongendi ukuqokelela izinto zabo kwaye bafudukela abantu bakhe Don, apho wahlala ivula enegama elifanayo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 weemonki iCrimea kwinkulungwane uyaqhubeka umsebenzi wayo, kwaye nangona wayengekho wenqila, kodwa iye yaqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwayo ngokomoya nesisebenzayo Armenia ababesele eCrimea. Phambi kokuba revolution ka Surb Khach eziphantsi 4 amawaka eka komhlaba. Kodwa emva kokuba revolution 1925, woonongendi njengeziko yonqulo, sisusiwe. Ngamaxesha Soviet, oko ahlaliswe kumaziko ahlukeneyo: ukusuka kwinkampu zasehlotyeni esibhedlele ngenxa tubercular. Ngexesha Second World War, amaNazi sitshabalalisa yonke into umendo wayo, akabanga nabuganga ukuba bayitshabalalise le ndawo namolennoe. Ngasekupheleni-imi- 80 of the Holy Cross aqale ukubuyisela, ngo-1994 inkonzo iqale. Namhlanje, woonongendi sivulelekile ukuba utyelelo kunye nemithandazo baqhubeka bekhonza apha, kodwa abazalwana emishini kuphila apha kwakhona.

Le complex yezakhiwo

isigodlo Armenian Surb Khach namhlanje iqulathe izakhiwo ezininzi: ibandla, a refectory, indlu ookhansila ophilayo kunye umyezo kunye nemithombo. isigodlo complex ibekwe endaweni entle kakhulu - ehlathini iCrimea ethambekeni entabeni Grytsya. udonga Vintage ube namandla emangalisayo kunye namandla. Kuthe cwaka kakhulu, isakhiwo ayikho ubuhle eyothusayo, ezizezi, ubuhle kunye namandla ngokomoya. Iindonga zakhiwo, ungabona okuninzi nangokukrola, ukupeyinta, izacholo entle. Ukuvumelana kunye ukudlala enogonyamelo iindonga zamatye ukunika iindinyana ngezinyuko kunye nomoya eqingqiweyo. Namhlanje, woonongendi ibhuqekile, kwaye yongeza kuphela nomtsalane kwizakhiwo. Iindonga, zagutyungelwa moss, inkxaso, nelinen iidiliya zasendle, imithombo intaba - konke oku kucwangcisa ndlela cwaka. Eli bhotwe ukunyanzela ukuvumelana kwalo umoya yamandulo.

Church of Sign Holy

isigodlo iCrimea of the Holy Cross yakhelwe ijikeleze Surb Nshan Church of St. Zimpawu. ilejendi Local uthi xa babona abantu esibhakabhakeni ngasentla kwithambeka leNtaba Holy Cross, wabhekisela kuloo ndawo apho emthonjeni ecocekileyo amanqaku. Imbeko ngemiqondiso kunye nebandla yokuqala yakhiwa ngomthi, kwavela ibandla kamva ilitye endaweni yayo. Umbhalo enkondlo wazikrola ilitye ehlabathini uThixo amajukujuku "igubu", ithi itempile yakhiwa ngo-1358. Le sesakhiwo isonto yi nokuqhubekeka izithethe zamaxesha aphakathi Armenian, oko liyabonakala yi intente pyramidal eyenziwe ngamatye, bhekisa kwi "igubu" high okubalwa. Itempile yakhiwa ngamatye amakhulu hina, uphahla wambu iithayile ebomvu. isakhiwo ngqo nenamandla yinxalenye yale udonga lwamatye, nto leyo kanye bakhonza umsebenzi ukuzithethelela. Ngomhla iindonga yecawa walondoloza imizobo ephakathi. Bayakwazi ukubona umfanekiselo Virgin uMariya usana uYesu ezingalweni zakhe, kunye abangcwele ngeenxa zonke. Kwakhona kwenye ngamaqhekeza ezigcinwe ingubo iingalo Armenian Church - imvana kunye emnqamlezweni.

Kuba isakhiwo engundoqo esikufuphi narthex uxande (gavit), nto leyo ngaphambili baba zokungena ezimbini. Iindonga everanda, oqingqiweyo ngohlobo iminqamlezo. Umxholo wale phawu lobuKristu umkhondo kuyo yonke indawo. Ngapha koko, woonongendi kunye intaba emi kuwo, ogama lakhe behlonipha the Cross oyiNgcwele. Layongamela inqaba ende kwevaranda intsimbi, nto leyo ekhokelela ukusuka ngezinyuko ilitye gavit, ezihonjiswe imikrolo. Bokwakhiwa nomhla intsimbi nqaba ukususela benkulungwane ye-15.

refectory

Kwelinye icala lentendelezo, malunga ibandla St. Gns, lo refectory weemonki. Xa Surb Khach weemonki bekuhlala amakhulu abantu, yaye ngoko ke kwakufuneka igumbi elikhulu lokondla iimonki nabasemzini. Ngoku ke refectory na isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini kunye kwendlu enkulu. Kodwa kumgangatho wesibini, owakhelwe kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19, oko wagcinwa amagumbi abalambele nabasemzini. indawo refectory yakhiwe iiholo ezimbini. Igumbi North lixhotyiswe eziko enkulu kunye arch, apha ke wabeka eziko. Emzantsi kukho ngezinyuko ukuya kwigumbi elingaphantsi, kwakunye emnyango Lodge. Okulandelayo kwigumbi lokutyela uyakwazi ukubona emthonjeni, udonga esemantla isakhiwo idityaniswe udonga lwamatye weemonki.

izindlu zokuhlala

Ngemihla yakudala ye Cross Holy Monastery yaba indawo ethandwa kakhulu, yaye ukulungiselela balundwendwe neemonki Kwakufuneka izakhiwo ezizodwa. Nodonga ngasezantsi indlu ezikufutshane kwiiseli lendela. Igobhogobho yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha kwaye iquka imigangatho ezimbini. Phezu komhlaba kukho 8 amagumbi kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Iiseli kumgangatho wesibini kufuneka ukufikelela ibhalkhoni ekwabelwana evulekileyo. Ingaphakathi umzimba kakhulu obungqabangqaba emaqandeni, le Dynamics gumbi ukudala uthotho Uphahla enhle. Ukususela ezantsi zezindlu emaqandeni esikufuphi isakhiwo esinomgangatho omnye yehotele weemonki. It yatshatyalaliswa kwinkulungwane yama-20, kunye 80 ibuyiselwe ngokusinda imizobo.

igadi isigodlo

Ngexesha isifingo isigodlo Surb Khach imiyezo yakhe kunye nemithombo ezininzi. Namhlanje, nobungangamela yayo yangaphambili kancinane luntu. Apha ungabona iintsalela emendweni engunaphakade, uyilo phantse engabonakaliyo kulotywe kunye nemithombo ezimbini ezenziwe amatye. Imithombo - Isakhiwo oluxande olungaphambili ngelitye, ezihonjiswe imikrolo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo amanzi woonongendi asebenza amanzi yodongwe, leyo belisondliwa yi amanzi kumthombo. Ukususela refectory ukuya emithonjeni kanye wakhokelela 5-zelanga, ngoku amaqhekeza leri Amathambeka ezine zamatye.

anika umdla

Woonongendi samandulo Cross Holy kwi-Old eCrimea yindawo ekhethekileyo kunye kaHomer. Bekukho umnqamlezo ilitye endala - khachkars (cross-amatye). Nguye lo oyidingayo ephambili woonongendi, kodwa abazalwana kwenye athatha into engcwele nzima eMonastri entsha kwi-Don. Ngoko, kwi eCrimea, kuphela imifanekiso ezininzi niwabonileyo namhlanje.

Ukususela isigodlo, ungafumana ukuya kwindawo kunye isithethi ekuthiwa Backwoods, apho kukho amabhodlo kwenye eMonastri yamandulo - Surb linguStephanos ngenkulungwane ye-14.

Kufutshane weemonki Surb Khach aqukuqela umsinga intaba, apho, ngokutsho legend, unamandla angummangaliso. Amanzi emthonjeni crystal ecacileyo ukuba kukhuselekile ukuwasela.

Ukufumana apho

Indlela yokufumana i-Holy Cross Monastery? Idilesi isigodlo enemiqathango: Stary Krym, kwisithili Kirovsky. Kufuneka ukuya kwidolophu Stary Krym kwi kwindlela yomhla- ngendlela yasemzantsi-ntshonalanga. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isigodlo Cross, ogama abafowunelwa akafumaneki, oyiNgcwele lesikhumbuzo zembali bokwakha, imyuziyam, akukho ifowuni kunye Internet. Ngoko ke, ithemba kuphela abahambi kunye nabantu abalungileyo abaya kusoloko ubabonisa indlela.