Brazil: imithombo yendalo. Nezimbiwa Industry Brazil

Brazil - lizwe likhulu Latin America, nto leyo ethatha up phantse isiqingatha ilizwekazi Umzantsi Melika. Empumalanga nomntla yi-Atlantic Ocean. Brazil, imithombo yendalo kunye neemeko kwatshintsha - ezweni elilungileyo yeefama zokuphila zabemi.

ukukhululeka

Kwinxalenye osemantla ilizwe esesihlanjeni Amazon. It ngokuya ingqongwe emaweni r namathafa Guiana Highlands. Phantse yonke indawo eliseleyo lizwe nekuhlala kwihewu eBrazil, ekuphumeni ukuya emntla-mpuma nasemzantsi unyuka kakhulu kwintili Atlantic unxweme. Ukuya ngasentshonalanga kummango lentsalela kwimiboniso kummandla Atlantic wolula ibhanti monoklinarno-ukubunjwa kunye nokusekwa naseArabha; ukuya emantla kunye nakumbindi esilawulwa amathafa socle kunye umhlaba, Zinokuxutywa umhlaba.

sezulu

Brazil lubonakala ngokuba kwimozulu eshushu. imithombo yendalo kubangelwa ubukhulu becala iimeko zemozulu. Umndilili weqondo ngenyanga isusela ukusuka degrees-16 ukuya 29, yaye kuphela kwimiboniso aphezulu ebandayo empumalanga kunokwenzeka. Noko ke, kuba ilizwe libe luphawulwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kunye kwezulu kolawulo.

amanzi emhlabeni

Ethetha iimpawu zendalo Brazil, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba womnatha umlambo ashinyeneyo kakhulu. inkqubo Amazon irrigates Amazon lonke, kumntla Brazil kunye ngezantsi Guiana Highlands. Inxalenye esemazantsi Highlands laseBrazil iinkqubo nisela yemilambo Paraná kunye Uruguay, ngasentshonalanga - umlambo Paraguay, empuma - umlambo San Francisco. Kwezi, kuphela Amazon kunye nemingenela yawo Koloni naseMpuma unyaka zizele ngamanzi.

Kuba itshile imijelo waseBrazil Highlands uphawuleka amahlandenyuka amanzi kunye nezikhukula. Umthambo Water ihewu ukuba oovimba nentywenka lombane, Noko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo iinqanawa kuphela phezu imigama emifutshane.

Izityalo kunye nemihlaba

Kwilizwe eyayigquba kwamahlathi lateritic (ferralitnyh) imihlaba ebomvu. indawo yokuqala koovimba ehlabathini sihlahla kuthatha Brazil. izibonelelo zendalo kwintshona Amazon enikezelwa ziluhlaza ashinyeneyo ulophu amahlathi ethandwa, kunye nemithi ezixabisekileyo (ngaphezu kwama-4 amawaka iintlobo), baphantsi apho imihlaba lateritic podzolic.

On neenduli ifreyimi waseBrazil kunye esezintabeni Guiana, unabe ngenxa owomileyo ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo yemozulu, ndimkhathalela amahlathi, inkqubo podzoleniya emhlabeni iyahlozinga kalujaca. Iintlobo ezifanayo kwezityalo zomhlaba, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imimandla altitudinal ezi uphawu olunomoya, empuma, yaye amabanga aphezulu kunye neenduli laseBrazil Highlands. Kumathambeka yasentshona kakhulu ebonakala amahlathi ezimanzi onyaka. Centre ihewu ekuhlala savanna kwimihlaba ezibomvu lateritic, lo melkoderevnye ixhaphakileyo Amathafa ezibutyholwana. Ifunyanwa ecaleni amahlathi imilambo igalari, apho ikhula ezixabisekileyo carnauba wax yesundu. Mpumalanga ihewu sixakekile semi-kwintlango ezincinane eziquka amatyholo weSucculent kunye Xerophytic kunye nemithi nakwimihlaba kubomvu-mdaka yaye yingqombela brown. Kuba lasezantsi ngokufanayo efumileyo luphawulwa ziluhlaza kunye namahlathi mixed avuthulukayo le conifer Araucaria waseBrazil. Emathafeni twa bezderevnye savanna enengca kwi ebomvu-black sezwe.

jikelele silwane

A iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana kunganxulunyaniswa kwiyantlukwano eziphilayo kunye ebonakalayo ubukhulu kummandla ahlala kuyo Brazil. Uphengululo izilwanyana ngemithombo eyahlukeneyo yahlukile, kuba taxonomists ngamanye amaxesha ukungavumelani ukuhlelwa izilwanyana eziphila kweli lizwe. Agcine ezichongiweyo iintlobo ezintsha, ngexesha elifanayo njengoko abanye, ngelishwa, ziyafa.

Kuzo zonke amazwe Brazil olwenze inani elikhulu iintlobo nezo (malunga 77 mi) kunye neentlanzi amatsha (ngaphezu kwama-3 amawaka). Ngokutsho inani eziphila lizwe ubekwa kwindawo yesibini ehlabathini kwenani iintlobo zeentaka - owesithathu, inani kweentlobo ezirhubuluzayo - yesihlanu. izilwanyana ezininzi ezisengozini, ingakumbi abahlala kwii-ikhosistim ukuba ngoku avunela ngezinga elikhulu, ezifana ne-Atlantic Forest.

uqoqosho eBrazil

Ngenxa kwinqanaba eliphezulu uphuhliso mveliso kunye nezimbiwa ushishino, ezolimo, icandelo leenkonzo kunye inani elikhulu labantu abasebenza phantsi GDP, iBrazil kakhulu ngaphambi onke amanye amazwe Latin American. Okwangoku, yena sandisa ubukho kwiimarike zehlabathi. Iimveliso eziphambili kwamanye amazwe - ikofu, moya, izithuthi, intsimbi, iimbotyi zesoya, intsimbi, juice-orenji, izihlangu, umqhaphu, iswekile, izixhobo zombane.

uqoqosho Brazil likaThixo zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwaye okukhulu phakathi kwemimandla. Ngomhla amathuba zokwenza ushishino yesixeko zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye. Nangona uqoqosho karhulumente ephuhliswa kakhulu, yeehedili zophuhliso ebalulekileyo kusekho iingxaki ngokubanzi lobuhlwempu, lokungafundi kunye norhwaphilizo.

Brazil uncedo

Eli lizwe ivelisa iintlobo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane kwezimbiwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu le manganese ore. Ngoko ke, lo nyaka ukuvelisa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezibini, anamanci iitoni intsimbi, apho malunga ne-80 ekhulwini athunyelwa kumazwe aphesheya. karhulumente Bauxite yenye yeendawo zokuqala ehlabathini. LeziMbiwa Brazil thaca njengoko iidipozithi zobhedu, zinc, nickel okusetyenziselwa kurhwebo lwasekhaya. Lizwe Umthengisi qhinga zempahla ekrwada: ukrweco, Tungsten, mica, zirconium. Imfuneko ngonyaka neoli million 75 tons, ngaphandle sisiqingatha kuphela, ngoko Brazil kunyanzeleke ukuba ukungenisa it. I Amazon-1970. wafumana oovimba eninzi yegolide, Ngoku imveliso yalo malunga 80 tonnes ngonyaka ngamnye. iidipozithi amalahle nayo zifunyenwe, kodwa ke aphila mgangathweni, umnyaka imveliso yalo malunga nezigidi ezi-5 iitoni.

imboni

Eyona ahambele phambili shishino Brazilian buzinze emzantsi-mpuma kunye kumazantsi eli lizwe. Ummandla abampofu ithathwa ukuba emntla-mpuma, kodwa ngoku iqalisa ukuba nomtsalane kutyalomali. lwamazwe eLatin American iBrazil icandelo mveliso kakhulu ziphuhliswe, yi-isinye kwisithathu GDP. Urhulumente uvelisa iintlobo zemveliso, ukususela ngentsimbi, iimoto kunye namafutha moya, iikhompyutha, kunye nempahla yabathengi.

Ngaphezu ikota GDP iquka icandelo lemveliso eBrazil. The main amashishini - oyile yokucokisa imveliso yemichiza. Emva kokuba United States of America yeyona mvelisi mkhulu bioethanol, ethi ibonelele malunga-30 ekhulwini nemfuno amafutha. Kuba kokufaka izithuthi Brazil, ethanol lisetyenziswa ngendlela esulungekileyo okanye oxutywe ipetroli. I ekrwada ekufanisweni imveliso yayo uba iswekile. Iinkampani eBrazil ngonyaka ukuvelisa ethanol mali iilitha 16-20 billion.

Nyaka ngamnye, ngaphezu kwezigidi 1.5 izithuthi eziveliswe kweli lizwe. The main Abalimi - inkampani "Mercedes-Benz", "Scania", "Kwiat".

Eyona yesebe kushishino light - namalaphu. IBrazil 6-7 ekuvelisweni lweemveliso alukiweyo ehlabathini. Malunga nama-80 ekhulwini Umqhaphu kwamanye amazwe, ngenxa umgangatho ophantsi izinto Brazilian ekrwada.

Kwakhona, kuphuhliso lwamashisini yezihlangu i - kunye izityalo ngaphezulu kwe-4 amawaka ekuveliseni izihlangu.

Ekuphetheni

Phakathi amazwe Latin American, amathuba aphezulu ezoqoqosho, akukho mathandabuzo, uye Brazil. Ezibubutyebi bendalo kweli lizwe inikezela ngamathuba kakhulu ekukhuleni. Noko ke, njengokuba kodwa lizwe luphawulwa kwentlobo elininzi imivuzo kunye umahluko omkhulu kwinqanaba uphuhliso kwimimandla eNtshona naseMpuma Koloni.