Biography kanye umsebenzi awodwa

Edume symbolist imbongi iSilver Age, okuhamba yonke ukholo lwakhe olungapheliyo kwixesha elizayo weRashiya kunye nabantu. Bathanda nokubandezeleka ukuqonda yimfumba, indoda enengqondo ebanzi kunye nobomi kabuhlungu. Ubomi umsebenzi awodwa sibonakalise nenzaliseko yalo kunye echukumisayo.

biography imbongi

Block Aleksandr Aleksandroviya, owazalwa ngo-1880, ngomhla we-28 Novemba. Beka ngokuzalwa - Petersburg. Abazali bakhe: uyise - AL Block yuristm basebenza kwi-University of Warsaw, unina - AA Beketov, intombi ka-nzulu esidumileyo kunye yezityalo.

abazali enkwenkwe umtshato phambi kokuba azalwe, ngoko bakhulela intsapho yayinjalo zange zibekho. Noko ke, AN uyisemkhulu kwicala koomama Beketov, osapho ukhule noAlesandire, bayirhawula umntwana ngenkathalo kunye nengqalelo. Ndamnika imfundo elungileyo kwaye uqale ebomini. AN ngokwakhe Beketov waba Umphathi eyunivesithi eSt Petersburg. Phezulu emoyeni yokuziphatha kunye nezenkcubeko-bume engqongileyo ushiye uphawu bayo ukuyilwa iimbono kunye Block imfundo.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, yabeka uthando ezakudala iincwadi Russian. Pushkin, Apukhtin, Zhukovsky, Fet, Grigoriev - la ngamagama, endihleli isebenza iyunithi encinane lwaba eqhotyoshelweyo kulo ihlabathi iincwadi kunye nemibongo.

Ngako oko, uqeqesho

Inqanaba lokuqala wemfundo awodwa waba kwisikolo esiphakamileyo e-St Petersburg. Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe ngo-1898 wangena St. Petersburg University, amagqwetha. Yena evala kuqeqesho lwezomthetho 1901 kwaye lutshintsha indlela obizwa-philological.

Bekukwangelo University, ekugqibeleni ugqiba lokuhlolisisa ehlabathini uncwadi. Kwakhona, lo mnqweno yomelezwa indawo enhle kwaye sithi ndijonge, nto leyo ifumaneka phakathi kwezinye izinto kakhokho wakhe. Ukukhulela kwindawo, Alexander onke ithathe ubuntununtunu kunye ebalalanisa of kwimbono yehlabathi, kwaye oku kubonakala kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe. Ukususela ngoko, kwaye iqala ukusebenza i awodwa.

Unit unina ligcina ulwalamano oluhle kakhulu, uthando lwakhe nentlonelo zinamathuba yakhe. Yena ukuba ukufa unina Wathumela kuyo imisebenzi yakhe.

ukubonakala

ukonakala imbonakalo yakhe, ebhala MA Voloshin. Wabizela ubuso Alexander Blok ecacileyo kwaye imnandi, ezolileyo kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa ne-isigqumathelo naziiperile Greek. Wacaphula ukuchaneka nakubungqongqo iimpawu yobuso, ebunzi zibhityile wonqanyulwa, ngokugoba imilebe. I ebuzwa isidima ezintle olugobileyo yimbongi iinwele.

Andrey Bely uchaza nenkangeleko efanayo kakhulu awodwa kwakhona ugxininiso kwi ngebala esempilweni, ezintle ntshinyela iinwele, eli nani emangalisayo kunye statuesque, womelele kwaye inomtsalane. Kwakhona igxininisa zimsulwa kunye spontaneity emehlweni akhe awodwa, amehlo ayo engaqhelekanga kwaye eliqaqambileyo. Amaninzi imbonakalo yakhe ebutsheni kuthelekiswa kunye nomfanekiso ka-Apollo. Kwiminyaka evuthiwe - kunye wabe.

domesticity

ngenxa yobuntu bakhe wangumququzeleli By, enakekela ifanelekileyo ezintle, le yunithi ekhangela rhoqo inzwakazi onokuba vangama yakhe yonke amandla akhe kunye neengcamango nothando. Kuba yena uyakwazi ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe, eya kuba Ndithelekelele yakhe.

Kwaye ngo-1898, wafumana oku. umfazi wayo nje ebomini yaye uthando lokuqala womelele - intombi yemichiza Mendeleyev, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (Ibloko).

umtshato wabo kwenzeka ngo-1903. ubomi Intsapho kwaba ingacaci kunye nzima. Mendeleev ngothando olukhulu wayelindele, njengoko kule iinoveli. Le block ikwanika ubungcathu kunye nobomi ukuzola. Umphumo waba angathabatheki umhlobo umphefumlo iqabane umfazi wakhe, Andrei Bely, Symbolist mbongi wadlala indima umsebenzi Unit.

Imisebenzi ubomi

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi awodwa saveza ngendlela yokuba, ukongeza uncwadi, inxaxheba kwimicimbi kakhulu zehlabathi. Umzekelo:

• Ke waba lilungu elikhutheleyo kweemveliso kakhulu kwi yeqonga yaye wabona yena njengoko omdlali, kodwa umsebenzi zoncwadi umdla kuye;

• (. 1905-1906) iminyaka emibini elandelelanayo ke ubungqina ngqo kunye nxaxheba kwintlanganiso olululo kunye nemiboniso;

• uqhuba uhlolo ikholam uncwadi kwiphephandaba "Golden uboya";

• kunye 1916-1917 biennium. ukunika emva looMawokhulu, ngoxa kufuphi Pinsk (engineering kunye squad wokwakha);

• Yinxenye kubunkokheli be-Bolshoi Drama Theatre;

• phezu ukufika yomkhosi ufumana umsebenzi le Khomishoni yoPhando kwabalungiseleli ezingaqhelekanga imicimbi yokumkani. Isebenza kukho Umhleli irekhodi verbatim kude kube ngowe-1921.

Block Works Early

ivesi wakhe wokuqala Sasha omncinane wabhala emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Nditsho ke, ukuba ufunda makings ngetalente ekufuneka ziphuhlisiwe. I ibloko waxoxa.

Uthando Russia - imixholo emibini ozithandayo uyilo. Blok wabhala lukhulu koko, yaye malunga nezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha kumabakala okuqala nophuhliso nokufezekisa italente yakhe eyamtsalela kakhulu uthando. I umfanekiso linenekazi elihle eyayibulindile nayo yonke indawo, abamba sakhe sonke. Kwaye lwalo esemhlabeni izimvo zakhe wafumana kwi Lyubovi Mendeleevoy.

Umxholo uthando umsebenzi awodwa uvezwa icace ngokupheleleyo kwaye ezintle ukuba ayinakuphikiswa. Akumangalisi ukuba umntwana wakhe wokuqala - ingqokelela yemibongo - ebizwa ngokuba "Ivesi malunga Beautiful Lady" kwaye akayisungula emfazini wakhe. A nempembelelo enkulu ukubhalwa kwalo ingqokelela yemibongo kwisihobe Blok kwavula Solovyov, umfundi kunye umlandeli lowo ingqalelo.

Zonke imibongo kungcatsha ingqiqo ubufazi obungunaphakade, ubuhle, bayancokola. Nangona kunjalo, bonke amabinzana kunye namabinzana asetyenziswa ngencwadi ebhaliweyo, ukuba yimizekeliso, umlinganiswa surreal. Le block ufudusiwe kwi umlawuli angxamele ubuchule kwi "ezinye imihlaba".

Ngokuthe ngcembe, umxholo uthando umsebenzi awodwa unika indlela eya kwimiba wokwenene ibunzi ezingqonge le mbongi.

qala ukudana

Iziganeko mbuso, ukuphazamiseka kobudlelwane usapho, akaphumeleli kakubi uphuphe sekamva ecocekileyo eliqaqambileyo amandla yomsebenzi Russian awodwa kutshintshwa abahlukene. ingqokelela lakhe elilandelayo ubizwa ngokuba "msgstr Uvuyo" (1906).

Ngakumbi nangakumbi wenza intlekisa kulo Symbolists, leyo ngokwayo ayibandakanyi zonke eyomeleleyo enyemba ngakumbi malunga amathemba ngeyona ezayo. Yena inxaxheba kwiziganeko olululo, nto leyo ngokupheleleyo ecaleni kwiBolsheviks, ukukholelwa ubagwebele kuyeleleyo.

Ngeli xesha (1906) wapapasha trilogy yakhe kwedrama. Okokuqala, "The iPhaphethi Bonisa" emva kwexesha elithile "kwi uKumkani Square", igqibezela le trio "owasemzini". Le yunithi luhlangabezana ngenyhek 'etyeni evela ukungafezeki zehlabathi, kaxakeka. Kwangaxeshanye, uyonwaba actress NN Volokhova. Noko ke, ngokufanayo ke siyanda wongeza ukrakra kwisihobe sakhe, isigqebelo nokugxekwa.

Andrei Bely kunye nabanye abalandeli yemibongo ngaphambili, musa utshintsho kwibhloko kwaye agxeke umsebenzi wakhe ngoku. Alexander Blok nkolelo. Waba badane kunye buhlungu kakhulu.

"Trilogy komzimba"

Ngowe-1909, Blok afe uyise, naye ke akukho ixesha kuthi ndlela-ntle. Oku kubeka i isiphumo nangakumbi imeko yakhe engqondweni, waza wagqiba ukuba bazidibanise kakhulu awo engqondweni yakhe usebenza trilogy zemibongo, enika igama "trilogy wenyama."

Ngoko ke ubuchule Blok ngo-1911-1912 yabalasela ukubonakala ingqokelela ezintathu zemibongo, ezo amagama zesihobe:

1. "Indima ngale Beautiful Lady";

2. "Engalindelekanga Joy";

3. "Snow Night".

Emva konyaka, wakhulula uthotho uthando imibongo, "Carmen", wabhala umbongo "Nightingale Garden", elingcwele nomsetyenzana lakhe elitsha - umculi LA Delmas.

Rodina awodwa ngemisebenzi

Ukususela ku-1908, imbongi livela akusekho nje weengoma, kodwa njengoko vospevatel kwilizwe labo. Ngeli xesha wabhala imibongo efana nale:

• "Autumn wave";

• "Autumn Uthando";

• "Russia";

• "Kwi Kulikovo Field".

Yonke le misebenzi igcwele kunye nothando lizwe, kweli lizwe. A imbongi ngexesha elifanayo ibonisa iinkalo ezimbini zobomi eRashiya: ubuhlwempu nendlala, uhlonipha, kodwa lo xesha, nezobundlobongela, ingonakaliswanga inkululeko.

isihloko Russian kumsebenzi we-awodwa, indawo awazalelwa kuyo umxholo - omnye kakhulu ibalulekileyo yonke yobomi bakhe zemibongo. Ngokuba kuye, looMawokhulu - kukuba, zokuphefumla kunye nemvakalelo. Ngoko ke, kunzima kakhulu, prohibitively nzima ngenxa iziganeko zemishini ka-Oktobha Revolution.

Isihloko eRussia umsebenzi awodwa

Emva lweentsingiselo olululo zifake umoya wakhe wonke, imbongi ulahlekelwa phantse ngokupheleleyo lyricism nothando yayo imisebenzi yabo. Ngoku, wonke kwinqanaba umsebenzi wakhe ijolise eRashiya, ikhaya lakhe.

Block imele ilizwe lakhe kule ndinyana umfazi, wenza kuyo phantse uvalo, ngokwenene, ukuba humanizes. Rodina awodwa ngemisebenzi isikali enjalo kuthatha elinexabiso ngaphezu uthando akazange abhale.

Ukukholelwa kwiBolsheviks nenyaniso wabo, yena ivavanywa a elimasikizi, phantse ukuzibulala kuye wadimazeka xa ebona iziphumo revolution. Indlala, ubuhlwempu, ukutshatyalaliswa, kwanokupheliswa ubunzima nezazi - konke oku kwenza ezingqondweni Block Island sengqondo esinjalo kwi Symbolists, amazwi kwaye ngoku yenza ntoni isebenza nje satiristicheskoy, ukuhlekisa enetyhefu ukholo kwixesha elizayo.

Noko ke, uthando lwakhe iRashiya bukhulu kangangokuba uqhubeka ekholelwa kumandla ilizwe lakhe. Enyanisweni, kuya kuvuka, ndinyikimise yaye baya kuba nako ukubonisa amandla akhe nobuqaqawuli. Block Ubuchule, Mayakovsky, Yesenin kwi efanayo.

Ngowe-1918, Block wabhala umbongo "Zazilishumi", eyona engahambi kunye elikhulu yonke imisebenzi yakhe, nto leyo ebangele kakhulu namarhe uze uthethe ngayo. Kodwa ke ukugxekwa imbongi amagqabi kum ebandayo, ukuxinezeleka abanazo iqala lokunciphisa sakhe sonke.

Lo mbongo "The abalishumi"

Umbhali waqalisa ukubhala umsebenzi wakhe "Zazilishumi" ekuqaleni kuka January. Ngosuku lokuqala akazange aphuke. Amanqaku zakhe wathi: "Ngaphakathi nam ndamkele kuye uBawo." Emva koko wayeka ngokubhala imihobe, ukuligqiba imbongi ikwazile kuphela ngomhla wama-28 Januwari.

Emva kwale ncwadi litshintshile kakhulu Creative Block. Ngokufutshane chaza oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i-imbongi ayaba ngokwakhe, beza nengxaki ubuchule, kungekho kukhula.

Ingcamango ephambili mbongo nganye eyaziwayo ngokwahlukileyo. Umntu wambona ukuxhasa revolution, iimbono ukuhlekisa simvolisticheskimi. Umntu, ngokuchasene noko, ukuba imibono satirical kunye ukuhlekisa ukuze olululo. Nangona kunjalo, i ibhloko ukwenza lo mbongo kwakuthetha bobabini. Kuba eziphikisanayo, ngathi imo yakhe ngelo xesha.

Emva kokupapashwa "I abalishumi" bonke ubuhlobo sele ababuthathaka zaye yayiphelise kunye Symbolists. Awodwa wajika abahlobo phantse yonke kufutshane: Merezhkovsky, Viacheslav, Prischvin, Sologub, Piast, Akhmatova, kunye nabanye.

In Balmont ngexesha wamenza buhlungu kuye. Ngenxa yoko, le yunithi ihlala phantse omnye.

ubuchule post-revolution

imisebenzi kuphela emithathu zabhalwa ngumbhali emva revolution:

1. "AmaSkitiya";

2. "Homeland";

3. "Nembuyiselo", leyo yena akazange ugqibile ukubhala.

I-revolution kwenzeka, kwaye ubukrakra-nkqubo yamaBolshevik narosla kungadodobalisa umgudu. Loo imbobo phakathi oko kwakuthenjisiwe kwaye oko kwenziwa ngenxa revolution, sele kunzima ukuba awodwa. Block linokuchazwa ngokufutshane umsebenzi ngeli xesha, azibhalwanga nto.

uya kuzibhala njani kamva malunga kokufa wembongi, "ambulala iiBolsheviks." Kwaye oku kuyinyaniso. Block uyakwazi ukumelana waxhuzula kunye ukungangqinelani phakathi kwamagama kunye nezenzo lorhulumente omtsha. Not bakwazi ukumxolela ngokwam kuba inkxaso kwiBolsheviks, Ukungaboni kwabo njengeli.

Le yunithi lifumana iingxaki kakhulu ngaphakathi kwakhe, ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo iimvakalelo zabo engaphakathi iintlungu. Isiphumo sisifo. Ukususela ku-Epreli 1921 ukuya kutsho ekuqaleni Agasti, esi sifo akumkhululi imbongi, goading naye bomelele. Kuphela ngamaxesha athile zimshiya engathi uza-ulibele uzama ukuthuthuzela umfazi wakhe, Lyubov Mendeleev (Ibloko). Agasti 7 Block wafa.

Apho imbongi wahlala kwaye wasebenza

Namhlanje, biography kunye nobuchule awodwa captivate nokukhuthaza abaninzi. Indawo ehlala phi kwaye yabhalwa nemibongo yakhe yaba imyuziyam. Ukususela imifanekiso siya kugweba ngemeko apho imbongi wasebenza.

Inkangeleko welifa, apho imbongi wachitha ixesha lakhe, onokuyibona efotweni ngasekhohlo.

Igumbi apho imbongi bachitha mathuba yokugqibela ezikrakra kunye ezinzima zobomi (ifoto ngezantsi).

Namhlanje, imbongi wayemthanda waza wafunda, bayinqule, qaphela kubunzulu nengqibelelo, ukuba nentsusa kwento kunye ukukhanya. ERussia umsebenzi awodwa wafundela kumsebenzi wesikolo, kwisihloko bhala kokwakheka. Inika ilungelo elipheleleyo igama umbhali imbongi enkulu. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, symbolist, ngoko umbutho wotshintsho nantambama nje kudana kakhulu ebomini namandla womntu awonwabanga wakwimeko ekrakra.

E St. Petersburg, ilitye lesikhumbuzo igama yombhali kwimbali uze uhlawule irhafu ukuya ngokubhekiselele italente yakhe ayinakuphikiswa.