Zeziphi bacterium kwamagciwane? Bacterium nabantu

Phakathi ukudlelana ezincinane kunokubonwa abahlobo, ezibonelela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba wethu, iintshaba okubi. Ezi fom ubomi zahlulwe iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, umngundo kunye lenyama. Ngamanye amaxesha Cya data ezidibeneyo igama elithi "ziintsholongwane". Bacterium agents causative i zizifo ezininzi, ezinye iintlobo ingxaki enkulu ebomini bomntu. Noko ke, ezo eziphilayo ezihlala emzimbeni womntu, phezu koko, ukunceda amagunya ukuhlangabezana kunye nemisebenzi yazo.

Iintsholongwane, isakhiwo yabo

Yibhaktheriya ekuthiwa protists. Bona mancinci (0.5-10 microns) kunye nemilo eyahlukileyo. Iseli ezi izinto iquka inwebu kunye icytoplasm. Cell inwebu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo yokucolwa kunye nokusingqongileyo. inwebu Cytoplasmic tight ukuba iqokobhe yaye ubunjwe iiprothini, lipids kunye nee-enzayim. Kuyinto inoxanduva inkqubo yokususa nokungenisa izinto ebuhlanti, njengomqobo osmotic. Icandelo engundoqo iproteni cytoplasmic. Oku kulapho iinkqubo amandla ezibonelela umsebenzi ebalulekileyo iiseli. Iibhaktheriya musa ndikhuphe ngumongo. into Endaweni langoku zenyukliya oluqulathe RNA ne-DNA.

Le khemikhali Ukubunjwa iiseli

Ilungu iphambili iseli ziibhakteriya - amanzi. Kuthatha 80% ye ubunzima zizonke silwanyana. Noko ke, iimbambano nokuqulethileyo ngokuphawulekayo ngaphantsi - malunga nama-20%. iintsholongwane ezininzi ngokwaneleyo ukunyamezeleka kakuhle ngokunciphisa umlinganiselo wamanzi (yokomisa). Xa iinkqubo ezifanayo pathways sele kuhlile noko, kwaye baphelise ukwanda. Ngaphezu koko, iiseli ziquka iiprothini, isitatshi, amafutha, kunye neeminerali, kunye nucleic.

movement bacterium

iiseli bacteria ukwenza iintshukumo ngenxa umzimba okukhethekile - misila. Elikulomsonto-ezifana ukubunjwa obhityileyo, inani kunye nendawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zabo. ubukhulu lwabo malunga 0.01-0.03 microns. Kulo mzekelo, ukuchonga iintlobo eziliqela. Ukuba omnye msila kwaye ibekwe kwenye kakhulu - ezinjalo yibhaktheriya ekuthiwa monotorihami. Micro-eziphilayo apho omnye izibonda yi inyanda flagellum - lofotrihi monopolar. Ezi ntsholongwane, apho izibonda zibekwe imiqadi, ebizwa amfitrihami. Kodwa ukuba misila ligcwale kumphezulu weseli, oko peritrichous. Enye indlela intshukumo iintsholongwane - isiliphu. Bakholelwa ukuba oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba iiseli ziyancipha ngamaza.

Indlela ukuzalela iintsholongwane. sporulation

Indlela yokuzala ntsholongwane nto ibonakala ngcono. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba iseli ihlukane ezimbini, efikelela ubukhulu ethile. Okokuqala kubhaliwe sandisiwe, ngoko kwagxunyekwa ezinqamlezayo, iiseti leeseli yahluka zezibonda. Ukuba wenze i bume, kwicandelo lentsholongwane zenzeka rhoqo emva kwemizuzu engama-20. Kodwa ke uninzi eziphilayo abulawa yintshukumo kokusingqongileyo. Ngokudlulisela amagciwane kweemeko ezingentle bangaba sikuyo. Kule meko, bayakwazi ukugcina nobomi amawaka eminyaka. Nokuba kwi mummies yamandulo imbewu iintsholongwane zifunyenwe. Ziye ke benziwa ngeentlobo ezininzi: ngaphakathi, phakathi okanye ekupheleni ebuhlanti.

morphology amagciwane

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe igciwane ihlelwa ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

1. Ball. Ezi bacterium agents causative le zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka staphylococci (iidiliya abe imilo), streptococci (ifom elide chain). amagciwane kutshanje unobangela iinkqubo ezithintela ukosuleleka kunye nezifo ezifana angina, otitis, inyumoniya. iintsholongwane Staphylococcal zingabameli causative na isifo iphecana alimentary, iinkqubo ubovu. Ummeli kakhulu yingozi - Staphylococcus aureus.
2. Intonga-ezimile. Olu hlobo ngokumila njengesilinda. Ngokufuthi akha sikuyo. amagciwane ezinjalo zidluliselwa bacilli. Ezi bacterium ezi arhente causative anthrax.
3. Ukonakala. Got igama layo ngenxa imilo aveza. Ezi ziquka spirilla ukuba inyama kakhulu nabungozi. Spirochetes kuvela umsonto banciphe, ephothiweyo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ezi ntsholongwane - amagciwane ze negcushuwa.
4. Vibrio. Abameli kolu didi abe imilo egobile kancinane. Bathi isici esasenza: iibhaktheriya causative abanganyangekiyo bume obrak. Ludala izifo ezifana ikholera.
5. Mycoplasma. A phawu yale hlobo kukungabikho inwebu cell. Ngaphandle umzimba host, abanako lokusebenza. Amaphepha emibuzo olunjani iintsholongwane zezifo iintsholongwane Mycoplasma baphendula ngendlela elula: bona ikakhulu nimqumbise imbonakalo kwezifo kwinkomo okanye izityalo.

ikholera

Enye izifo ezininzi esiyingozi isifo sorhudo. Ichaphazela inkqubo yokucola ukutya ebangela ukunxila kakhulu. Ziziphi bacterium agents causative na ikholera? Ezi eziphilayo esafunyanwa ngu Robert Goch. Vibrio cholerae na elimile kweentonga kujikwa kancinane. A isici esasenza ezi ntsholongwane - yokuhamba. Vibrio cholerae engena emathunjini amancinci kwaye ayinakutshintshwa. Apho abulale protein, kubangele kakuhle balance ngamanzi-ityuwa, umzimba ngamanzi kakhulu. Iintsholongwane Lubonakala ukumelana nendawo obrak, kodwa ngenxa etshabalalisayo acid yabo. Ukongeza, nangona amaqondo esezantsi aqhuba kakuhle, nokubilisa ibulala Vibrio cholerae ngoko nangoko. Ungcoliseko cishe ukunxibelelana isigulane, ngokusebenzisa ukutya okanye amanzi. Ithuba elisuke na iintsuku ezi-5.

pneumonia

Ukukrala kwemiphunga - yokugula kunokuba kakhulu ezinokukhokelela ekufeni. Nzima, ingakumbi ukuba uzale abantwana inyumoniya. Kusenokuba kubangele iintsholongwane kuphela. Impendulo kumbuzo ibinjani na iintsholongwane zingabameli causative of sifo, yaziwa: i pneumococcus (90%). Kwakhona nimqumbise ukubonakala ukudumba iinkqubo staphylococci (5%), kunye iStreptococcus spp. Iintsholongwane akhiwe iivesi ngeempumlo nomqala.

Ezi mpawu zixhaphakileyo yinyumoniya - ifiva, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukunxila jikelele eziphilayo. Enye kakhulu esiyingozi inyumoniya intrauterine. Oku kungakwenza iqela B streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus. Amaxesha amaninzi lo sifo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa umkhuhlane. pneumonia iphathwa kwiziyobisi antibacterial. Kwiimeko kakhulu, ezifana usemncinane yomguli, nokulaliswa esibhedlele kuyimfuneko. Njengoko iindlela zokuthintela usebenzisa ugonyo ukukhuthaza uncancisa ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu (kuphela ubisi lwebele). Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba ulandele ucoceko kunye nomoya ococekileyo endlwini.

chlamydia

Kuye kutshanje kuphela isekiwe enokuthanani iintsholongwane chlamydia. Ziziphi amagciwane nezifo iintsholongwane lweentlobo? Kuqala kwinto zonke, zinokubangela conjunctivitis, iliso, usulelo enzala, samehlo. A hlobo olukhethekile chlamydia ibangela pneumonia kunye izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla. Xa umkhosi yeseli, angenziwa aqale ukukhula. Umjikelo wonke kuthatha malunga 72 iiyure, ebangela ichithwa iiseli ezimashakeleyo. Ingakumbi eyingozi yintsholongwane enjalo kwabasetyhini. Lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa ukungachumi. Ukuba kukho usulelo kunye chlamydia umbungu, kukho amathuba eliphezulu ukufa. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba ngophando phambi kokuba uceba ukukhulelwa, njengoko kusoloko kukho usuleleko okunjalo kwenzeka bezsimptomno.

izifo bamhlaba kunye nezinye

Lidla amateurs uyazibuza ukuba okanye hayi iintsholongwane - kwamagciwane lukhwekhwe. Oku Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Esi sifo, ukhwekhwe, ivuselele kwezinambuzane, apho wadibana eluswini uqalisa ukwanda ngokukhawuleza, ibangela ukurhawuzelela. Yaye nantsi ingxaki yale sifo - pyoderma, okt ubovu sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ulusu - kunokubangela iintsholongwane iqela cocci. Njengoko unyango kusetyenziswa namafutha aqholiweyo ezizodwa, coca iimpahla kunye nelinen.

umbuzo angxamisekileyo yintoni bacterium-arhente causative sohlobo B? Ngokubanzi, kwesibindi - igama generic wesifo sesibindi arhabaxa. Virus abenze advantageously. Noko ke, kukho hepatitis yebhaktiriya (kunye Leptospirosis okanye negcushuwa). Leptospira, Treponema - ezi bacterium agents causative i kwesibindi.

Enye sisifo esibi - imalariya. Esi sifo sisasazwa kubantu ngokusebenzisa impovane (iingcongconi seengcongconi). Oko kukhatshwa ifiva, ubungakanani ukwanda isibindi (kwaye mhlawumbi udakada), iqondo eliphezulu. Ukuba ayenzi uqale unyango, oko kungakhokelela ekufeni. Magciwane - iintsholongwane sodidi Plasmodium seengcongconi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iintlobo-4 ezincinane. Lowo kakhulu eyingozi ezinokubangela imalariya tropica. Njengoko ubona, i bacterium magciwane, leyo babe neengxaki ezinkulu kwaye zifuna unyango.