Ukwahlukanisa ukutyeba. Oonobangela, iimpawu, isifo kwaye afumane unyango lwe nokutyeba

Enye yeengxaki oluntu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye iye sidudla. Esi sifo "ngokuqesha 'amarhamente amatsha ehlabathini lonke. Oku kubangelwa ukungatyi ukutya okunesondlo, uhleli ungenzi nto, kukho inani elikhulu ezimbi ezidalwe sisifo esingapheliyo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Ngokoqobo ukutyeba kuthetha ukuba ubunzima siyongezwa ngenxa ucinezelo kwezihlunu, kodwa ngeendleko iidipozithi kwamafutha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ngeengozi ukutyeba? Jonga abantu amavila nawuphi na ugqirha ebeya abize yezizathu elinesibini, yaye kwindawo yokuqala iya kuba isifo sentliziyo, imithambo yegazi, amalungu kunye namathambo, kophulwa emzimbeni wamanzi-ityuwa. Ukongeza, esi sifo kuba nzima ebomini zentlalo, njengokuba kuluntu lwanamhlanje esilawulwa oluhamba ezemidlalo kunye yokuphila esempilweni.

umyalezo weimeyile

Esi sifo "ukutyeba" zingaphuhliswa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Eyona nto izicacele kukungabikho umzimba, ngoko kukho ukubhidana phakathi calories ukufumana namandla kwenkunkuma. Unobangela yesibini oqhelekileyo umzimba kukwaphula phecana zesisu. Oku kunokuba luncedo xa enqanda pancreatic, ukuncitshiswa kwesibindi, iingxaki kunye ekugayeni ukutya. Ukongeza, umngcipheko ukutyeba inokuba elimisiweyo kwinqanaba yemfuza.

Kukho izinto ezinegalelo ukutyeba, ezi ziquka:
- ukusetyenziswa iziselo ezineswekile okanye ekutyeni equlethe iswekile eninzi;
- izifo ezidalwe ezifana okhawulezileyo, hypothyroidism, injeke ithumba;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (yokudla);
- stress esisigxina kunye nokungalali;
- hormone okanye iziyobisi psychotropic.

Evolution mde kwiminyaka kwezigidi ezi-2 uye walungiselela indlela ukuqokelelana izondlo xa uthe ngephanyazo mfutshane ukutya. Kwaye ukuba oko kuyinyaniso kubantu bamandulo, umntu yanamhlanje akuyomfuneko ezinjalo "oovimba". Noko ke, umzimba wethu yenzelwe ngendlela yokuba idityaniswe stereotypically njengobuhle kunye nempembelelo embi evela ngaphandle. Ngoko ke, ingxaki ukutyeba ngoku yama kabukhali.

Pathogenesis

Regulation yedipozithi kwaye ihlanganise amanqatha yokothula lwenziwa yi intsebenziswano enzima phakathi luvo kunye namadlala yonyango. Oyena nobangela uphambili ukuqokelela isixa esikhulu lipids kukho ukungafani le neuron kunye ngxenye. Kukho oko kukuthi iziko yommiselo kutya. Umzimba ifuna ukutya ngaphezu ukusetyenziswa lwamandla, ukuze zonke excess eseleyo "egciniwe", nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba inzuzo ubunzima kunye nasisihlo obugqithisileyo adipose kwithishyu.

iziko ulungelelaniso olunjalo ihlwempu inokuba imeko naso kwaye ezifunyenwe ngemfundo. Ngaphezu koko, iingxaki ezinjalo ngamanye amaxesha kubangelwa kukwenzakala, nangokurhala, ezinganyangekiyo ezidalwe ngezifo.

Xa ingqondo yebhinqa, neuron adrenal yaye - iiseli pancreatic ziqala ukubonisa umsebenzi zophendlo lwezifo kunye isixa hormone kunciphisa kakhulu, phantse zonke amanqatha, iswekile, okungena emzimbeni, ezifakwe ancedisana amalungu. Oku kukhokelela ukuya kwizigulo morphological wesibindi, nezintso, lengqula.

Classification BMI

Ukuhlelwa ukutyeba kakhulu ukuba uqale nge enye eyaziwa kuluntu jikelele. Njengoko umthetho, uxilongo ephambili yale sifo lwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwizibonakalisi ezifana isalathisi ubunzima bomzimba (BMI). Le QUOTIENT ixabiso afunyenwe emva ngokwahlula ubunzima ngeekhilogram ukuphakama ngeemitha kabini. Kukho ukushiyana zilandelayo ukutyeba kwesi salathisi:

1. belahlekelwa mass - ukuba BMI ngaphantsi kune okanye ilingana 18.5.
2. Normal body weight - body mass index kufuneka sibe uluhlu 18.5 ukuya 25.
3. Pre-nomzimba - a BMI ukusukela ngamanqaku-25 ukuya kwi-30. Kweli nqanaba, oko konyusa ingozi co-morbidities ezifana lwegazi, bedsores kunye ilweyile angawokubhuda.
4. Ukutyeba efakwa okukwiqondo 1 xa BMI yi-30 ukuya kuma-35.
5. Ukutyeba grade 2 - isalathiso seliza amanqaku 40.
6. Ukutyeba grade 3 banesifo xa isalathisi ubunzima bomzimba ngaphezu amanqaku-40, lo gama umntu comorbidities.

yokwahlukanisa Etiopatogenetichesky

Ulwahlulo zilandelayo ukutyeba yenye enenkcukacha kule ndawo, ukusukela sithabathela ingqalelo izinto ezibangela kunye neendlela zophuhliso sifo. Ngokwale ukutyeba eziziprayimari nezizisekondari ekwanti. Ngamnye kubo subclasses yayo.

Ngenxa yoko, nokutyeba lokuqala yahlulahlulwe:
- gluteal-femoral;
- esiswini;
- ngenxa yokudla;
- uxinzelelo;
- senziwa metabolic syndrome.

Kulo zasesekondari, nokutyeba kwangumqondiso esinokuzifumana iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ezine:

1. gene sofuzo alusebenzi.
2. Cerebral ukumqumbisa nangezilonda, usuleleko okanye ukonakala kwengqondo sokuhlasela.
3. Ezingokuqandusela okubangelwa kwekhono le ndlala ndlala nokulawulwa kwenkqubo hypothalamic-yebhinqa, amadlala adrenal kunye gonads.
4. Amayeza ezinxulumene steroids ngokuthatha, izicwangcisi hormone cytostatics.

Ukuhlelwa Clinico-pathogenetic

Xa sithatha iindlela ezikhokelela ukuvela umzimba, unako ukwenza kucalulo enjalo ukutyeba:

- alimentary kunye constitutive. Weight inzuzo unxulunyaniswa agqithisile elityetyisiweyo ekutyeni kunye amavila. Ukuthi kuziveza, ngokuqhelekileyo ebuntwaneni kwaye yokunxibelelana sifuze njengelifa.
- Hypothalamic. Ukwanda izihlunu adipose kubangelwa umonakalo hypothalamic kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kophulwa umthetho umsebenzi wakhe neuroendocrine.
- Ezingokuqandusela. Xa intliziyo kusaziswa a ngezifo kwamadlala yonyango - le yebhinqa, lengqula, adrenal.
- Iatrogenic. Ukutyeba kubangelwa yezonyango yokungenelela. Oku kuba amayeza, ilungu okanye ukususwa inxalenye wokwenzakala kwenkqubo yonyango ngethuba unyango kunye ezininzi.

Ucalulo ngu eyendawo yethishyu adipose

Emva kokuba kugqitywe uviwo kwezigulane kutyeba uye waphawula ukuba yonke loo nto bahambisa ngokulinganayo. Ngoko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuye yabola ukutyeba ngokuhlelwa esekelwe kwindawo uphawu kwamafutha omzimba.

Uhlobo lokuqala, okwabizwa ngokuba eliphezulu, aka Android, Eboniswe koko ubukhulu becala kunyusa kwisiqingatha ongentla umzimba, ubuso, intamo kunye nezandla. Oku kwenzeka qho kakhulu ngabantu, kodwa kubonakala kwabasetyhini angenileyo ukuya exesheni. Iqela ababhali uthi kukho unxulumano phakathi kolu hlobo ukutyeba kunye nengozi yokuba nesifo seswekile kunye nezifo kwinkqubo sentliziyo.

Uhlobo lwesibini, ezantsi okanye gynoid yingqokelela ngamanqatha inyama phezu kwamathanga kunye ngeempundu, yaye ixhaphake kakhulu kwisiqingatha omhle eluntwini. Inani yabafazi kuthatha uhlobo 'emibhaka ". Kwakhona unokuba ebuntwaneni, ukuba kuxhotyiwe ukophulwa yokudla yesiqhelo. Comorbidities kulo mzekelo iya kuba ngezifo spine, amalungu kunye iziphelo asezantsi womnatha nemithambo.

Uhlobo lwesithathu - ukutyeba mixed okanye esiphakathi. Kulo mzekelo, ubunzima ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokulinganayo isasazwe ngawo umzimba smoothing esinqeni line, intamo, neempundu.

Ukuze ufumane ukuba leliphi na uhlobo ukutyeba kuthiwa isigulane, kuyimfuneko ukumisela lulwahlulo achazwe apha na esinqeni kunye esinqeni. Ukuba abafazi eli nani likhulu kune-0.85, kunye namadoda mkhulu kunalowo, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba umntu version lokuqala lonikezelo yethishyu adipose.

yokwahlukanisa morphological

Nangona utshintsho ukutyeba kuchaphazela onke amanqanaba mbutho ubomi, hayi nje umzimba uphela, kodwa amalungu athile, ancedisana nkqu kwiiseli. Adipocytes (amafutha), unako kutshintshwa qualitative okanye zamanani. Kuxhomekeka kolu khupho:

1. ukutyeba Hypertrophic. Lubonakala kukwanda ezingaqhelekanga ubungakanani iiseli ezityebileyo, ngelixa inani labo uhlala okufanayo.
2. ukutyeba Hyperplastic, apho adipocytes ngenkuthalo ukulaba. Le fom kwenzeka ebantwaneni kwaye baphathwe kakubi kakhulu, ngoko ukuze yokunciphisa inani leeseli zinokuba iindlela nolaka kakhulu.
3. ukutyeba Ukuxuba njengoko kusengqiqweni ukucinga umxube yabathe emibini edlulileyo. Oko kukuthi, iiseli na yokwanda kuphela, kodwa iya ngaphezulu.

Ulwahlulo lwe ukutyeba ebantwaneni

Ngokutsho manani, eRashiya kukho malunga ne-12% abantwana abaphethwe utyebile. Kwezi, 8.5% abahlali zasezidolophini kunye 3.5% - zasemaphandleni. Ukutyeba abantwana abafikisayo uye waba ezimbi rhoqo kangangokuba oogqirha babantwana baye bagqiba ukwazisa icandelo ekhethekileyo kumsebenzi yezemfundo kunye nabazali abatsha on yokudla. Ukutyeba icingelwa ukuba ibe kwimeko apho ubunzima umntwana ungaphezulu-15% of ngenxa yobudala bakhe. Ukuba ngamazinga ne BMI, ixabiso layo liya kuba kufutshane amanqaku 30.

Ukwahlula iintlobo ezimbini ukutyeba phakathi kwabantwana: eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Primary wabangela, njengoko umthetho, ukungondleki, benza ekuqaleni okanye ukwala ukusuka ubisi lwebele ukuya inkomo. Kodwa kwakhona kuba ilifa, ukuba intsapho esilawulwa abantu utyebile. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, umntwana uzelwe kunye noboya, nje umzimba osezantsi ukutya kwakho, kunye ukutya kakuhle kunye umthambo, uya ukugcina ubunzima bakho phakathi kwemida eqhelekileyo. Ezibalulekileyo ukutyeba zaseprayimari kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala yobomi kunye ukufikisa.

ukutyeba Secondary linxulunyaniswa ubukho iingxaki ezidalwe ezifunyenwe. Iikhrayitheriya ngazo kumiselwa iqondo yeseti ubunzima kwemfuneko nangoku kusini na. Esi sikali silandelayo yaphakanyiswa:
- 1 degree - ubunzima ngaphezu 15-25% of kwangaphambili;
- Isigaba 2 - ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya kwengama-49% komzimba;
- 3 degree - ubunzima ngakumbi 50-99%;
- Grade 4 - abatyebe ngamaxesha ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ngaphezu kweminyaka eli.

iimpawu

Iimpawu ukutyeba iyafana ngokusisiseko omnye komnye, umahluko kuphela ukufana ukwabiwa ifayibha kwemfuneko, kwaye phambi ezimbi ezihamba okanye ukungabikho kwabo.

Kaninzi kwenzeka kwizigulane ukutyeba alimentary, leyo ehambisana wokunyhashwa ukutya eqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abanjalo kufuneka yofuzo inzuzo ubunzima, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kukhokelela kutya inzuzo ubunzima. Iimpawu kwenzeka onke amalungu entsapho, njengoko ngokudibeneyo ukutya. Ukongeza, olu hlobo ukutyeba abasetyhini abadala ezithandwa zikhokelela ukuphila umzimba ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene yabo.

Ukutyeba 1 degree iqatshelwe uninzi lwabantu rhoqo Kwathi, ingakumbi ngokuhlwa. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kwasekuseni sasemini Andinaxesha umnqweno. abantu abalambileyo ngexesha lesidlo kudla calories imihla ndiye kulala.

ukutyeba Hypothalamic luphawulwa kuphela inzuzo ubunzima, kodwa ke ubukho iimpawu ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo luvo kunye ummiselo yonyango. Ukutyeba ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lidla sinxulumana utshintsho kwizidlo. Amafutha ivela ikakhulu kumphezulu phambi esiswini, emathangeni kunye neempundu. Kunokubangela utshintsho trophic: ulusu owomileyo, iimpawu ukuzolula, ilahleko iinwele. Ezi zigulane ezikhala ubuthongo, yintloko kunye nesiyezi. Emine Ngokuqhelekileyo ukungaphili entsimini zabo.

ekuxilongweni

Abantu kutyeba babe nokuphungulwa kakhulu ukugxekwa imeko yakhe, ukuba beyiseke okanye babanyanzelise ukuba uye kugqirha nkqu ezingxoxo elula - akukho elula. Akuve omnye - izigulana endocrinologist okanye luvo. Nabo abafuna ukuba ivavanywe nokuba ukunciphisa ubunzima sokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza.

Isibaluli ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa lokufunyaniswa abatyebe - a BMI of ukutyeba. Leyo yindlela ubunzima kanye phezu u. Ukuze ubone ubuzaza Kubalulekile ukuba azibonisi nje ubukho umzimba, kodwa into yokuba olwenziwa ngokuxhaphaza izihlunu adipose, hayi ubunzima kwezihlunu. Ngoko ke, xa kusenziwa zonyango bazama ukwazisa iindlela ngqo ubunzima ngamanqatha kunokuba ubunzima emzimbeni wonke.

UNorma uzimisele kusekelwe kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani eqokelelwe nabafundisi amakhono ezahlukeneyo kule minyaka yokwenza. Kuba sex nganye, ubudala, yaye nombethe umzimba kukho iitafile sele abale iinqobo kunye nezithethe kwezimilo. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ayevile ubunzima-10% ngaphantsi kunesiqhelo. ukutyeba ukutyhwatyhwa unesifo kwimeko esahlukileyo, xa 10% ngokobunzima iye yaluphumelela elilelona liphezulu kwiqondo obuvumelekileyo.

Kukho afanayo eziliqela ukubala ubunzima yomzimba efanelekileyo. Omnye kubo azi onke amanenekazi - ukusuka ukukhula imfuneko ukuthatha ikhulu cm. Inani eliphuma ixabiso olifunayo. Kodwa lunemiqathango kakhulu kwaye isifundo ukungathembeki. Okunye echanekileyo i BMI okanye Quetelet index, owawubona ngasentla. Ukulinganisa achazwe apha kweli esinqeni kunye esinqeni, kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abalinganiswa na ukutyeba, ukususela indawo yezityebileyo kuxhomekeke isizathu, nto leyo ebangelwe inzuzo weight.

unyango

Ukulwa inkinga ukuba ngolunya kwaye yonke indawo. Ngoku eendaba bayonyuselwa ngokubonakalyo yokuphila esempilweni kwaye ukunqulwa entle yomzimba, lweembaleki. Kakade ke, ukuba le meko engenangqondo akuyomfuneko ngayo, kodwa ulwalathiso jikelele intshukumo ulutsha kukhethwe dekadansnaya Yitonia.

Imigaqo esisiseko konyango lwe ukutyeba ziquka:
- ukudla okune carbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo ifayibha, iivithamini, neenkozo zepistasi, imifuno. Qiniseka ukuba anciphise ukubhaka, iilekese kunye neziselo ezihlwahlwazayo.
- umzimba, ekufuneka ukomeleza umzimba nokukhawulezisa imetabolism.
- amayeza ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye emnyama;
- nonyango lwengqondo;
- unyango ngotyando.

Ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ixesha elide naluphi na uhlobo unyango, kufuneka utshintshe nokudla rhoqo ngokutya. Kukholelwa ukuba ukutya into engento ekulweni ukutyeba, kodwa zinceda ukubethelela ubunzima iphunyelelwe kwaye nokuthintela abuyele izifo. I-World Health Organization icebisa ukuba ukubala isiqulatho caloric ukutya ukuba isigulana ayisebenzisayo kwimo yesiqhelo, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukunciphisa isixa calories. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufikelela uphawu 1500 - 1200 kcal, ukuba lo mntu ukuyilayisha umzimba.

Unyango lijolise ekomelezeni ukuzimisela nokuzeyisa ngokunxulumene ekudleni kunye nokuxhomekeka uzila ukutya kunye nesoda ezineswekile. Amayeza inkqubo yokunciphisa ubunzima kunceda ukufezekisa impembelelo elifutshane kuphela. Emva ukupheliswa ipilisi, imbuyekezo isigulane indlela elidluleyo lokuphila, kwaye ayiyithobeli iingcebiso ezifunyenwe xa ukulahlwa. Nangona into yokuba ngoku kwishishini loxubo ukuba abonelele ngeenkalo elikhulu unyango ngenxa abatyebe, phantse bonke akuvumelekanga ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Iindlela zotyando ziquka suturing esiswini, othandwa gqira zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Kakuhle eli msebenzi kukuba umzimba yahlulwe kubini ukungalingani, kunye omncinane sutured emathunjini amancinci. Ngenxa yoko, umthamo esiswini lifinyele, kwaye izinga indlela ukutya iba ngaphezulu. Le ndlela yesibini - nisishiye esiswini. Icala wentliziyo imvelaphi inyuselwa umsesane ukuba linciphise le mithambo le kuvuleke iminxunya kunye nokutya uchukumisa umqobo ngumntu, iziko Ukwanda okruqulayo, sivumele isigulane ukuba adle ngaphantsi.

Hlobo luni ukutyeba yeyona iyingozi kakhulu? Mhlawumbi bonke. Akukho mntu uthi inzuzo iluncedo ebantwini. Inqanaba ubungqongo kuxhomekeke kwindlela ubunzima ngqo idlula mmiselo, yaye naziphi na comorbidities anazo.