Wempi Gangut: inkcazelo, imbali, abathetheli kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Inqanawa "Hanko" kunye ngeenqanawa 3 sale ngcelele kungekabekwa 16.06.1909 Admiralty zalapho. Oku yayisisiqalo ukuvuselelwa kwizithuthi Russian. Le sungula yaqhutywa 24.09.1911, abegqibile lweminyaka-2. Ngowe-1913, wadlula uvavanyo, ukwamkelwa, kwaye ngoDisemba 1914 wajoyina 1st Brigade of Zempi ze kwiBaltic Fleet.

ukwakhiwa IMVELAPHI imikhumbi ezintsha

Ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze kwakhiwe Zempi ezine loLwandle lweBaltic, kuquka wempi "Hanko," lowo lahluleka ngokuphelele yoBukhosi Russian emfazweni Russian-Japanese ka-1905. Nentlekele Tsushima wabeka phambi Nicholas II kunye noRhulumente yoBukhosi baseRashiya, imisebenzi ezimbini nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza:

• backwardness elipheleleyo le zithuthi Russian xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe wongxowankulu.
• inkqubo yolawulo ukungafani Absolute iimfuno kunye neenjongo olukhoyo zoqeqesho eziye ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki wokwakha kwaye ukuyilwa kwizithuthi.

Isibakala sokuba intloko yomkhosi aselwandle yoBukhosi baseRashiya abazange abaphathi aziyo neemfuno ukuphehla le zithuthi abanamava ayikho ngondiva, strategists hayi abanamava kunye tacticians, kunye Admiral-Jikelele, lowo umlawuli kunyulwa abe lilungu lentsapho zabalawuli. umphathi Assistant jikelele Admiral yaba isebe yomkhosi.

Zonke izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kunye nemiyalelo Navy wazinikela umlawuli, ngubani encinane iqondwa emkhosini, ingakumbi elwandle. Urhulumente elikhulu na imfundiso zomkhosi, olingene ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo wenqanawa-isakhiwo kunye iinkcukacha ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa iinqanawa kunye nezixhobo yomkhosi.

Kwathi phantsi ukuba iRussia akazange abe iinkundla kungekuphela nje ukuya elwandle - phantse nto kukhusela umda.

inkqubo yokwakha

kuphuhliswa iinkqubo ezimbini ezincinane ziye, awathi ngexesha elifutshane kwakhelwa kwiBaltic kunye Black Sea mabutho izithuthi ezintsha. ukuba ukwakha inqanawe 4 kuyimfuneko ukuba kuLwandle lweBaltic, kuquka wempi "Hanko", lweenqanawa ezintywilayo 3 kwaye inqanawa nonina ngenxa yenkonzo yabo.

Kuba fleet Sea Black kwafuneka ukwakha 14 abagungxuli ngwenya ezintathu. Turkey, akubona imeko kuLwandle Black, egqiba ukuthenga ngokungxamisekileyo 3 entsha Zempi eNgilani Brazil. Ngako oko, utshintsho zenziwa ngoko nangoko yaye icetyelwe ukuba ukwakha uhlobo ezintathu efanayo nqanawa "uKumkanikazi Maria", ababhuqi 9 "neeBhari" uhlobo 6 ii nkwili.

Ngu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I ngowe-1914, akukho nanye kuloo program akwenziwanga, kananjalo, wawungeyonqanawa omnye akazange ngokusesikweni.

iinqanawa Series, kuquka wempi "Hanko"

Zonke dreadnoughts ezine kwiBaltic Fleet Series "Hanko" bathiwa phantsi ngosuku olunye, 6/16/1909, kwi-Admiralty zalapho. ukwakhiwa kwayo lwaqhutywa phantsi kolwalathiso lweenjineli abanamava Russian. Le abanikezela baba amashishini Russian. Zempi wayekunye Izhora, zokudubula - kunye Obukhov, zokudubula inqaba - kunye Putilovsky kunye neefektri netyhidiweyo.

NgoSeptemba, Basuka ke, kodwa siyiphucule kugqitywe Zempi libaziseko. Ubangela: izityalo Russian kwafuneka nokuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha ngazo bahlangabezana nzima; Iinkampani amazwe, nto leyo zabekwa odolo izixhobo iinqanawa, miseka ngabom zila zihanjiswe. Isiphumo of elibuhlungu. iinqanawa Subquality bathunywe ngoDisemba ka-1914, kwaye uninzi imfazwe emi iindlela, ngaphandle ukudubula edubuleyo enye.

inkcazelo imikhumbi

Projects Zempi, enyanisweni, baye phambili ukuqala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kodwa engazihlambanga ixesha okanye indlela awabuyise engqondweni. Kuye azivavanywanga phambi kokuba unikezelo imikhombe, belinokukwazi ukuvumela ukuba alungise iimpazamo. sele wenziwe oomatiloshe, xa akukho nto ilungile. Iziphumo zaye ngokuphoxa kangangoko ukuba ngoko nangoko ezithathwa nje ngeziyimfihlo, kwaye imikhombe imfazwe emi iindlela.

Kuba data dreadnoughts waphawulwa asinamathinzi elula: kumgangatho ongasentla yaba umgca othe ngqo, ezinde ezine Code Civil eGibheyon ngelo kwinqanaba elifanayo, Choppers amabini kunye nemiboko emibini. Umzimba uphela yahlulwe lishumi amagumbi ezinqamlezayo bulkheads manzi. Ezintathu sizilungiselela vehicles. Tower main ibhetri ebekwe equidistantly xa kuthelekiswa namanye.

Kwinxalenye phakathi sikhephe ufakelo kwibhoyila kunye injini. amaqela indawo ezihlala zifumaneka isaphetha. Ngasemva - wagcinwa ezingontsini amagosa ', eyayibhexesha nezixhobo, amandla, igumbi kunomathotholo.

Iimpawu eziphambili "Hanko" Zempi ukuba ngoobani kunye nokusasazwa zokudubula. Apha, nemalanana wenze Obukhov zezityalo, ukudala umpu 52 ukuvuleka kunye neenzame metal mveliso trohorudiynaya esekwe ufakelo olutsha inqaba. Elinambini 305 mm rapid-Ndandinemipu, kwaye leenomboro endaweni ephakeme emboxo degrees 25 mkhulu km 23.

ufakelo Tower waba ubunzima iitoni 773 of kwaye axhotyiswe umoya ubushushu. Phantsi Tower ukugcinwa emthethweni. gun ezimbini-plutongi badibanisa-millimitha 120 imipu zam. Adubula eziphambili ukuvuleka wam yalawulwa ngokusebenzisa Heusler kwinkqubo 2 kunye rangefinders optical.

Ubuhle nobubi

Inzuzo ephambili wempi "Hanko" Ngokungathandabuzekiyo le zokudubula, nto leyo iinkalo ezininzi njengabongamileyo nucleoside amazwe. developers merit Apha obungenakuphikiswa kunye belifa kwezityalo ezimbini Russian - Obukhov nentsimbi.

Elokugqiba, oko kuqinisekiswa inyaniso elula - ekungakwazini okumanyanisa ezingadibaniyo, ngaphandle kokunikezela nto. Kumalunga yokudibanisa izixhobo ezinamandla, isikrweqe nezangaphakathi, isantya ukubaleka eliphezulu, elikhulu uluhlu ingami. Konke ndawonye akunakwenzeka ukuba eli xesha. Kwafuneka ukuncama into ukuze kufutshane result oyifunayo. Oku kwenziwa ngokuncama iimeko isikrweqe kunye zokuphila le nqanawa. Okubi wahlala oomatiloshe kuphela Japanese.

Enye nokubi kubalulekile liye seakeeping eliphantsi kakhulu. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kwibhodi ipetroli ngenxa Ukuwa avela. Nokumisa kwakhe yokuhamba yolwandle ngo-1929.

butha

Noko ke, le wempi "Hanko" bathatha inxaxheba ekulweni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. NgoNovemba 1915 i cruisers of the 1st Brigade, phantsi owazenza wempi "Petropavlovsk" yaye "Hanko" kummandla isiqithi Gotland kwafuneka ukumelana imizuzu ngaphezulu kwama-550.

Ngowe-1918, le nguqu yenziwe wempi ukusuka Helsingfors ukuya Kronstadt. Emva ngokutsha ngo-1925, wathi igama i "Oktobha Revolution". Yena uthatha inxaxheba Russo-Finnish War. Ngexesha Patriotic Great waziphendulela iLeningrad. Le wempi, leyo, nangona alo, ngenxa oomatiloshe Russian kwaye Soviet kunye namagosa abadlula ngendlela ezukileyo.

Kwiminyaka 47 yenkonzo, nesinqanawa weRashiya, uze emva koko - yiSoviet Union, batshintsha kakhulu agadwe wempi "Hanko". Ubukhulu becala, ukuba amagosa entle, ukhulele izithethe kwizithuthi Russian. Ukuze inkonzo, ngowe-1944, lo wempi wawongwa IMbasa Red Banner.

Inqanawa "Hanko" (1890): imbali yendalo

Inqanawa "Hanko" - ayikho inqanawa kuphela Russian waseManzini abanegama elifanayo. 4. Kukho ziye kuthiwa inqanawa igama elizukileyo iye isiko. Inqanawa nganye walo kunye nenjongo, kodwa ubuhlobo babo kunye igama eqhelekileyo kunye ukubayinxenye kuwo ngenise Russian lwaphela. Igama inqanawa kunikwa imbeko leKapa Hanko, ibekwe kufuphi usingasiqithi ka Hanko, Finland, leyo uzigqibe uloyiso yokuqala zithuthi Russian phezu Swedish.

Armadillo "Hanko '(1890) isitya yesithathu kunye negama elifanayo. Kuye kwakhiwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokwakha kunyaka-20. Ngokutsho kweengcali, uyilo wempi wayengekafiki elungileyo, kwaye umgangatho wokwakha yaba lihlwempu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekugqibeleni kokutshatyalaliswa enqanaweni. main ethile Its - high ukucima kombane, leyo, Noko ke, kukho intlekele hayi kuphela kushishino imikhumbi Russian. Le yingxaki nazo kunye namanye amazwe.

Wempi Russian Imperial Fleet "Hanko" yasekwa eSt Petersburg kule ndawo yokwakhela Admiralty ngo-1888. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva wenza ukuhla wakhe emanzini. Kugqitywe ngo-1894. Ngexesha lo msebenzi ungeniswe ukucima kombane tonnes 600, nto leyo yakhokelela ekwandeni iidipozithi ukuncipha speed kunye.

Ukufa ke wempi "Hanko"

Nge kwenzeka le nqanawa bali phantse limangalisa, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe. Ekwindla 1896, lo wempi ingene emazantsi khona umkhombe phezu Iliwa phantse yakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe. Waba aye Kronstadt, apho wavalelwa esemkhumbini zokusilungisa, obehamba phantsi kweliso edume Admiral Makarov SO NgoJuni 1897 wathabatha inxaxheba imithambo yamacebo okulwa, ebuya enqamleza abe lilitye ihanjwe kwamanzi.

Iiyure ezintandathu crew bangamaqhawe balwa ubomi wenqanawa. Kodwa zatsho phantsi. Gcina inqanawa ayikwazanga ngenxa besaphula izahlulelo yengxinano ukuba zavunyelwa ngexesha lokwakha. Waya ezantsi kwaye nangoku zisendaweni ubunzulu Vyborg Bay. Abasebenzi wayengekho umntu omnye wafa. Captain Tichotsky KM ngokobuqu I ihlolwe zonke ikona ekhoyo kwinqanawa ezikayo, yaye kuphela emva kokuba siqiniseke ukuba bonke ndayihlangula, bamshiya.

Umshicileli "Hanko". Ngodaba Series "Midel isakhelo"

Iinqanawa, njengoko banjalo abantu, abe ikamva labo. Kwezinye ke ubomi obude ezele loyiso nozuko. Okwesibini - bakhuthele, ngenxa yesazela ukwenza umsebenzi wabo. Kanti abanye - abo babe nobomi mfutshane kodwa eliqaqambileyo. Kuba abo banomdla kwimbali kwizithuthi, iinqanawa, nakwizibetho zabo ingakumbi ukupapasha "Hanko" uvelisa uthotho monographs othi "Midel isakhelo", umba ngamnye luzinikele elinye okanye uthotho imizobo iinqanawa kunye nesicelo ngenxa Ukulinganisa. Kuquka ukukhululwa ilungiselelwe ngokupapasha indlu "Hanko" - "Midel isakhelo", "inqanawa" uKumkanikazi Maria "- imizobo".

Battlecruiser "Hanko", ngokungafaniyo wempi "uKumkanikazi Maria" - yinto gqala, yokugqibela iimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi. Ubomi bakhe umdla, abantu abaye bazisa uzuko emkhombeni, indlu uvakalisa "Hanko" kuthotho monographs "Midel isakhelo" nelilelona gumbi azinikele wempi "Hanko". Imizobo kuya kunceda iingcali ukwenza imodeli ze ufunde ulwazi olunomdla malunga isitya kunye nobomi abantu ababhalelwayo umkhombe ekhaya kunye station umsebenzi. Dala umkhombe ngezandla zabo - ukuba yintoni umdla ngakumbi? Imodeli ye wempi "Hanko" kumanqanaba ka-1: 350.

isiphelo

Imbali kwezithuthi Russian lizele izibakala umdla. Kubonakala ukuba ukufa wempi "Hanko" - kakuhle, ukuze wonke umntu abe umdla? Hayi hero njenge "Varyag" wabulawa esilwa notshaba. Kodwa akunjalo. Oku kuyinyaniso buhlungu, yaye, ngokungathi oko kuvakala agxeke, oku izifundo, iimfuno bya ngokuba iinqanawa yayingenakuzika zitsalwe. Ngesiphakamiso Admiral Makarov SO, bulkheads manzi ngoku avavanywe ngendlela entsha, leyo wasindisa ubomi oomatiloshe ezininzi ngexesha nezinobuzaza. A feat umthetheli-1 isikhundla Tichotsky KM kunye neqela lakhe, ukuba iiyure ezi-6, kuquka ebusuku nekhandlela, wenza konke ukuze asindise umkhumbi, ufanelwe yokudunyiswa.