Paleolit- yintoni oku? Paleolithic

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic - ezintathu ezinkulu zenkcubeko nezembali Stone Age. Got igama layo ngenxa yokuba izixhobo ngaloo mihla zenziwe kuphela amatye, kwaye kuphela ekuyeni ekupheleni kwenkulungwane waqalisa ukusetyenziswa ithambo kunye neenkuni. Stone Age lweminyaka ngaphezu kwesinye ezilikhulu lamawaka. Kodwa ngoku, ngenxa ezifunyaniswe ezininzi kwimbali zakudala, sinokufunda ubuncinane iingongoma eziphambili ubomi babantu eyayingekaphuhli ekuqaleni lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu.

Yintoni Paleolithic?

Imbali endala yabantu - na Ixesha Paleolithic, eli xesha lide ye Stone Age, nto leyo eyaqala kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2.5 eyadlulayo. osemqoka yayo - ke ngendaleko labantu ukusuka isilwanyana kwinkqubo abangekaphuhli zoluntu. Kubaluleke kakhulu kunye nenkangeleko olunentsingiselo kunye nophuhliso intetho. I Paleolithic yahlulwe ngezigaba ezithathu: ekuqaleni, phakathi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha.

ekuqaleni Paleolithic

Oku linqanam lokuqala elide. Qala Paleolithic ezinxulumene nokuqaliswa kwe lokuqala lwenkawu-mntu - archanthropines. Abanalo ukukhula eliphezulu (1.5 - 1.8 m) ube iintshiyi mpawu bahlukile nasesilevini iyehla. Njengoko impahla izikhumba zezilwanyana, abahlala emiqolombeni izimvo zezazinzulu ezininzi, inxaxheba waqhelisela mu. Eyona iphambili ekuqaleni Paleolithic sisiqalo ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo amatye self-eyenziwe. Aba ngokucutha ukusuka kwelinye ilitye ukuya zonke ezinye umyalelo kwemfuneko ukwenza elidlula okanye NOKUCUKUCEZA. Ngokuthe ngcembe mveliso zobuchwepheshe, yaye kwakukho zokutshweza wabiza njalo-drill - izixhobo kunye apho phezulu wemba iingcambu okanye ukugawula imithi. Elinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo yendaleko ekuqaleni Paleolithic kukusetyenziswa komlilo. Ezafa yamandulo, ebasa ubudala 1.5 million. Iminyaka sele zifumaneka terrritorii Africa and Asia. Kodwa ngeli thuba le ndoda mandulo akwazi ukugcina kuphela umlilo, yedwa ke okwangoku misela.

Middle Palaeolithic

Ngelo xesha, lo mbono iqhubekayo nangoku Homo erectus kunye ngendaleko yayo liyaqhubeka. . E-Afrika, malunga 200-300 namawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, uhlobo entsha, leyo ngumthamo ubuchopho wayesondele umntu mihla - a Neanderthal. Bona yayiphawuleka kukukhula ephezulu nokuma onamandla kunene dystrophy, leyo wabanika amandla kakhulu emzimbeni. Middle Palaeolithic - eli xesha okusinda, njengoko Bamandulo Phaya ayehlala, mhlawumbi, kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu zemozulu - kule Ice Age.

Yanceda ukusinda ukuba abantu baye bafunda ukuba bafumane nomlilo wabo, ngokuthi Ukuhlukunyezwa. Kuye kwavulwa, mhlawumbi ngenxa yengozi ekwenziweni omnye izixhobo yelitye lenyengane. Ngelo xesha, kukho nangezikhali yokuqala neemela, yotolo kunye scrapers nokuhlawulwa kufihla zezilwanyana. isakhiwo esenziweyo, abantu bahlala ngokwamaqela amakhulu, ukunyamekela abantu abadala. Asakhulayo lobuciko ngokohlobo lwemizobo emqolombeni obonisa ukuzingela okanye amaninzi kakhulu abasetyhini, leyo kuthathwa njengeemeko matriarchal.

ngasekupheleni Paleolithic

Eli xesha xa kukho umntu efana mihla - Cro-Magnon, wasithiya imbeko Cro-Magnon nomqolomba okuyo, apho wafumana isidumbu sakhe. Cro-Magnon phenotype kufana abantu mihla: ibunzi phezulu, isilevu ngokukhawuleza, izihlunu ezincinane, uphuhliso lwemoto kwezandla eyayinceda ukuvelisa izixhobo zaphambili ekuzingeleni kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Eyona nto ephambili nangoku - ilitye. Ngexesha Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic (Early) wabonakala okwimo yokuqala lwezikhephe. Oku kwakhokelwa ngumvelisi lokuqala njengezihlenga okanye iinkuni iintonga owomileyo. Eyenziwe amathambo yenaliti, eliphuma kuye mihla, wona iingubo, iingobozi ephothiweyo ukusuka willow amasetyana. Ayenziwa art abangekaphuhli: ngemfano amabamba kunye namathambo omkhulu, imizobo mqolomba. Paleolithic ukuya ekupheleni sigaba laba sisiqalo ukufuywa kwezilwanyana zasendle, kuqala, njengokuba sisazi, izinja ziye. ixesha Cro-Magnons ugqibe khalenda zesola yenyanga. uluntu lwasekuqaleni ebegqwese indawo a matriarchal clan ekuhlaleni. Ukuveliswa amanani ngodongwe lokuqala kuluphawu paleolith. I Neolithic kuphawulwa imbonakalo ubumba yokuqala.

Mesolithic

Le eziqaphelekayo inabela ukususela ekupheleni ngumkhenkce yobudala lokugqibela. Eli candelo izazinzulu ngembali na uhlobo ongaqinisekanga ngayo. Oku kubonakaliswa kakhulu kumantla yanamhlanje-Europe. Ngeli xesha eqhubekekayo ukuze kuphuculwe isixhobo, isaphetha kunye notolo yabonakala. Abantu ekhaya izilwanyana zasendle, iinyathi, namahashe, neemazi. Society ivela njenge kwaye kukho imithetho yokuqala yokuziphatha imithetho. Mesolithic luphawulwa uphuhliso ngakumbi zentetho.

Neolithic

Ukuba Paleolithic - ithuba lokuzingela esebenzayo, ukuloba kunye indibano, omnye iziganeko i Neolithic - inguqu kuqoqosho evelisa: ezolimo kunye izilwanyana. Abantu baye apha ngaphezulu ndaweni nye, baza baqalisa ukuvela izindlu yokuqala, ooronta kunye nezixeko. Ngodongwe yasetyenziselwa ukwenziwa izinto zokubhala kunye nobugcisa.

ixesha Neolithic kwakunye Paleolithic yahlulwe ekuqaleni, phakathi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha. Yaye ngamnye kubo niqhubeka edyokhweni okanye enye efanayo ixesha, iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kungena kwisigaba ngasinye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Nokuba ke, uphuhliso omkhulu ndoqhayisa, umzekelo, emdeni nakwelaseTshayina kule mihla sikuyo.

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic - sisiganeko izinto zazivelela womntu uhlobo. Kangangamawaka eminyaka yena ukufumana indawo yayo ukusuka kwindalo phantsi kwelanga. uhlobo Enye indawo ngabanye, izixhobo ezingcono, inkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomhlambi, nto leyo luphawu izilwanyana, kuluntu abangekaphuhli wayezelwe art.