"Mistral" - a ... "Mistral" - iimpawu. "Mistral" ku Russia kaThixo Navy

NgoJuni 2011, ngexesha Forum Economic St. Petersburg, kwakukho into ekhethekileyo zizonke kwiqela ezinye iziganeko umdla. Kuba ixesha lokuqala ukusukela Second World War, abameli iRussia yasayina yesivumelwano abasakhasayo Iinkampani angaphandle ukuba ubonelelo lwezixhobo emkhosini. Safumanisa ukuba iimfuno Navy wathenga iinqanawa ezinkulu, iziphathi-ntaka "Mistral". Esi siganeko, yakhawuleza, kusekho amashishini imikhumbi lwasekhaya kanye kulawulwa kunye nemiyalelo ngokwabo, ngaphandle uncedo amazwe, yaye safunda indlela yokwenza izinto apho amaxesha ngamaxesha "abahlobo" bethu wasentshona baqala ukuqhatha iinwele phezu kwentloko yenu, ezifana ngwenya ngezikhali. ntoni umnqweno ukufumana Apho iinqanawa lo hlobo?

Kutheni ukudala "Mistral"

Mistral - umoya lweMeditera, entle ebandayo, amaxesha ngamaxesha uvuthela umoya efudumeleyo uyalibhuqa kunye nemozulu ubumnandi onomoya kunxweme kumazantsi eFransi. Yinto kuthelekiswa lihlaba iyabanda enabela ezimanzi Arctic emoyeni, leyo kudala ibihlaba abemi Murmansk kunye Severodvinsk, kodwa neempumlo ubuncwane mbobo yena uvela lihamba ubuhlungu. Njengoko imozulu, ezahlukeneyo imfundiso yomkhosi France kunye Russian Federation. uhlobo ntaka "Mistral" ngokuyimfuneko inqanawe enkulu, phantse akanayo antisubmarine self-nkqubo, antiship kunye nabammeli moya, oko akwaziyo ukwenza kuphela butho, engqongwe yi ndingaphelekwanga.

Kwelinye icala, kuba ibonakalisa ukumila muva ingqiqo engamashumi imikhumbi, ekuthi ngawo kulotywe ityalwa kunxweme bezizwe "kude". Oku kwenzeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: inqanawe enkulu begaxeleke urhulumente nakuwubona kumgama ekhuselekileyo noko elinesihlanu okanye amashumi amabini eemayile, ngoko iqala ehanjiswe izixhobo barge ekhethekileyo enqanaweni, kwaye okwangoku ukothuka kunye nezothutho ntaka kunye amajoni abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa fly phambili, abamba bridgehead nokunika akukho ngexesha lonke lenkqubo uxhathiso. Igqampe inkohliso ugu nkqu ebonakalayo, kunye ethwala ezincane kungalindelekanga, ngaphandle kokuba, kakade, ngokuyinxenye, ungenelelo, akukho ndlela Ubhaqo kunina. Oko kumalunga imeko, nto leyo yenzelwe uhlobo "Mistral". Le nqanawa intlenge kakhulu, oko kufutshane elunxwemeni ingayi kuza. Inkxaso butho phambili, yena, naye, ayaba nako ukukwenza oku, yena akanayo imipu ngokwaneleyo okanye imijukujelwa.

Iimpawu lomkhumbi

A flight ukuma enkulu kwabonakala ngoko nangoko nabani na othatha jonga kwi "Mistral". Iimpawu yale nqanawa mkhulu umxhelo. It has a ubude 200 meters kunye ukubana-22 amawaka. T., Noko ke, okwaziyo ukuhamba elwandle ngesantya amaqhina 18 kuphela. Eli qela, kubandakanywa nabaqhubi, malunga amalungu eqela 170. Ngaphezu kwako konke, umahluko phakathi umkhombe moya carrier, oko kukuthi, i-kumgangatho naphantsi-emngangathweni yokuma, iye nezinye iimpawu. Ngokomzekelo, omnye gumbi ukuthuthwa mane kwamatanki mihla. "Mistral" - an carrier moya, kodwa kuqala its emanzini ukubetha nqanawa.

Kodwa kwiitanki kancinane singasisa unxweme kwilizwe elwayo, ukuba kusafuneka banikele umhlaba nokuwathula kwi elunxwemeni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuba ibonelela ngobugcisa. Oku iinqanawa elakhiwe enkulu (BDK) ukuphumla bamane empumlweni inxaxheba elunxwemeni, vula kwiziphambuka, yaye "Phambili ukuba looMawokhulu!". Army amazwe NATO izinto ngendlela eyahlukileyo, dodgy kakhulu ngakumbi. Kodwa kamva kulo.

Wing igqityiwe, kuxhomekeke imisebenzi ekufuneka isonjululwe kwi beyeka emfazweni. Ntaka phezu kweqonga yokuma inokuthatha-16 ukuya 32, kuxhomekeke umlinganiselo ASW, igubu kunye iinqwelo- zothutho ineenkalo ezahlukeneyo yemigca.

Kwakhona inani ebalulekileyo lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu, nto leyo ethatha ababekhwele kweso sikhephe - 450 afohlela. Le Ibutho.

ukulungiswa kunokwenzeka nokungamandla wenqanawa kwisibhedlele zokudada. Kusenokuba yimfuneko ukuxazulula imisebenzi yoluntu okanye ukunikwa unyango ukuze amajoni ababuleweyo ekulweni.

Kwaye "Mistral" - inqanawa eyenzelwe ngokuxhoma elide. ezihambelana izimele - 20 ophosa. Oku isiqingatha-ikhweyitha. Ukuba ufuna ukubuyisela ucwangco amathanga abaziinjubaqa, oko - into oyifunayo. Kodwa ke umbuzo wokuba kutheni Russia "Mistral", kusafuneka ukuba yentloko ayingeyali intloko yakhe. Phesheya, ilizwe lethu akunjalo. Ziwela amajoni naphi na apha Australia okanye Argentina kubonakala ukuba akukho sicwangciso, kwaye nokuba kukho umnqweno onjalo, iinqanawa kuya kufuneka ukuba sithenge, okanye amane ... Ukongeza, inkqubo lokuhlala ngokwayo original kakhulu.

Njani kokufika French

French "Mistral" ixabisa ecaleni lakhe, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, amashumi amabini eemayile elwandle ukusuka elunxwemeni eshushu apho akucaci oko kunokwenzeka, kwaye uvelisa ukusuka barge yayo kwasesizalweni ezizodwa, apho ema isikrweqe. Ngenxa yale nkqubo, isiphathele ukuhlukana ethile, loo nto kuzala isithuthi wathi, zithwele kwi amatanki zabo iimoto vehicles, ngoko ukuliphuphumalisa ihlabathi kumgangatho wolwandle ejikelezileyo, yaye kuphela emva koko kufuneka ukuba ushiye nqanawa umama wabo. inkqubo kokwehla yi ubungakanani kunye kangangexesha elide, iiyure ezininzi. Xa elinesibini cars zethu zokuqesha ootitshala abane - nomkhosi itanki ngakumbi, nto leyo equka kwiinkampani ezintathu kunye neyunithi womyaleli, oko kukuthi kakhulu kancinane. Sitsho ngengqiniseko ukuba umntu baziintshaba ngenxa wazama lomhlaba naphi kufuphi Anapa, ukhuselo lwamanxweme entsonkothileyo "eBastion 'ukuba siwumise kuko ...

ntaka

The French babe rotorcraft zabo. Bona ngenjongo zahlulwe kwiiklasi, ezimbini ezithi zisetyenziswe sinendawo. Multi-NH-yimigqomo 90 "Tigers" malunga elingana nesabelo iphiko, phantsi ubukhulu zabo isixhobo zokuphatha abaliweyo ushukumisa izixhobo ukuya kumgangatho wabaleka emva emboniselweni, apho afake nxamnye izaqhwithi, zokutshiza amanzi olwandle baza kuvavanywa lulondolozo lokuthintela. iilifti nje amabini emcela umthamo tonnes-13, omnye kwi wayesemva, elinye ecaleni wheelhouse.

-Ntaka ephambili wavatha thina anti-Ka-27M kunye Ka-226, kodwa izimangalo ekujoliswe emhlabeni yaye ulwandle efunekayo "Alligator" Ka-52. Imilinganiso zezi matshini yahluka ukusuka French isasetyenziswa, kananjalo, ngendlela enkulu. "Mistral" kwakhelwa Russian Navy, kunye utshintsho oluyimfuneko.

iinkcukacha yesivumelwano

kakhulu The French wasebenza. Icala Russian baphikelela ukwakhiwa ezithathu ntaka amane ezicetyiweyo shipyards yayo usebenzisa amaxwebhu import. inxenye wavuma. Ukongeza, inxalenye aft elalenziwe kwi kushishino zalapho imikhumbi lweBaltic, nayo leyo inciphise ixabiso le projekthi. Okubalulekileyo kakhulu umgangatho ophezulu Abakhi basekhaya docking ngokupheleleyo zonke iindawo ngexesha indibano wokugqibela eSt Nazaire.

kwi imeko kwaye kwangoko kwavunyelwana ukuba icala French uya kumisa kwi "Mistral" eRashiya isixhobo yokukhangela ophezulu zobugcisa, naphantsi iingalo ukulungiselela iqonga nokunyuka no kuvule unxibelelwano intambo. Zonke iinkqubo enomjukujelwa kunye zokudubula, i baseRashiya uya wena kunye naleyo yakho.

Into ebalulekileyo kwi wokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano ibe ithuba kakuhle iiteknoloji of imikhumbi entsha, ngaphandle kokuba, kakade, isiFrentshi kufuneka eninzi ukufunda. Baya ikakhulu zinxulumene indlela ibandla kwezakhiwo ezinkulu, nangona Baltic imitshini United imikhumbi Corporation nangoko wafumana umyalelo icebreakers atomic, aba complex ngaphantsi kune "Mistral". Iindleko iinqanawa ezimbini 1.2-1.5 billion kowethu, kunye engange-2.5 billion umsebenzi kwafuneka enze Abakhi Russian.

iinkqubo izixhobo isilumkiso

Radar engundoqo zixhonywe "Mistral" eRashiya, ongayi kuba 'amehlo' abo - i "inabe" French. iimpawu ze umzimba yenza kube nzima ukuyifaka betye zasekhaya.

Le paucity yokuqala kweenkqubo Uyalwa kwabangela iimfuno ezongezelelweyo Naval Umyalelo kwi ngokuxhobisa iinqanawa abahlanu SAM "bhetyebhetye", yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa "Yokhozi" kanye pair kweeyunithi ze-barreled ezintandathu zokudubula rapid-mlilo AK-630 30 mm ukuvuleka ukutshabalalisa ekujoliswe-ngesantya esiphezulu esezantsi eziphaphazelayo. ukhuselo Antiship inikwa izakhiwo imijukujelwa iza supersonic ezinako "umsebenzi" kunye neethagethi elunxwemeni. ASW kuquka kunokwenzeka zonke ulwalathiso sonar yentsimbi.

Iinkcukacha sase- awuthunyelwanga ngokubanzi luxeliwe, kodwa siyazi ukuba yonke Russian "Mistral" - ulawulo enqanaweni, kunokuba nje ntaka kunye nezithuthi emanzini, ngoko ke Ukwanda information technology inkqubo yekhompyutha kwi-ibhodi nalo ezinkulu kakhulu.

balancing

uhlobo Helicopter "Mistral" - inqanawa enkulu, ezinkulu-umthamo nabadinga okulinganisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza phantsi kweemeko kwabakho imvula enkulu. Three umkhombe kwinkonzo ye-French Navy, baxhotyiswa nenkqubo oluzenzekelayo yemveliso Norwegian «L3Marin», nenoxanduva eseleyo. Ngenjongo esikhundleni kwakhelwa iinkundla Russian balancer French, kuvavanywa corvettes kakhulu ukukhanya frigates, wabangela ukuphikisa ngumthengi. Ngapha koko, "Rosoboronexport" unomdla ngqo kule nkqubo, lakuba nje eli isivumelwano lubiza kangaka. ukhuseleko ntaka navigation Russian ibaluleke kakhulu kuye ukuba asindise.

Iingxaki nezisombululo

Ukuba iingxaki kunye Manning izithuthi wenqanawa kwishatile. French catamarans kabini-hulled izikhephe ukusuka ekuqaleni sele sigatywe, kwaye basekhaya-high speed yezothutho kwi ukuba ababetheki kakhulu emoyeni kwi emboniselweni imithwalo leyo azibekwa. Savumelana ukuba simse ngaba uthenge zasekhaya itanki-ebikhona wobugcisa "Dugong" yaye "negogo", ukuba ubude 45 no-26 leemitha ngokulandelelana.

Kunyuswa kwaye igobhogobho ice eklasini, njengoko umbhambathiswa lifumene umyalelo ngokusekelwe iindawo ukutyalwa iinqanawa ezintsha kunokwenzeka. Ngokungafaniyo noogxa babo French, indawo yabo umthwalo ayipheleli emanzini afumileyo, yaye kwizibuko, umzekelo, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky yi frosty kakhulu. Ke kaloku, Russian umyalelo yomkhosi wamanzi ngexesha kokusayina isivumelwano wayengaqinisekanga malunga nalapho ukuba ntaka esekelwe. Oko ugqiba mva.

Amava e-ntaka yokusebenza

Soviet Navy wayevele kwinkonzo enkulu moya-ephethe antisubmarine Cruiser - "iLeningrad" yaye "eMoscow". Ntaka Iphiko iinqanawa wayefuna ukubona utshaba ngwenya ezinokwenzeka. Emva iphelelwe kunye nobugcisa wear and tear, baye basiwa ngaphandle abasebenzi Navy, ngokubuyisela kubo kuhlelwe, kuba ngokubanzi yokuba baba bhetele kakhulu ukubana le Get ngaphantsi yaye, ke ngoko, kokubini sitshiphu imveliso kwaye iyasetyenziswa. Negalelo iphelelwe nokubanakho ephantsi zokuwaguqula, leyo ibonakala nakwenzeka hangars uguqulelo ukuya ntaka mihla. Ngokubanzi, amava amazwe ngamazwe kubonisa ukuba iziphathi-moya kuba zililize ekungekho nzuzo imali, kufuneka ukwakha uvimba, kunye kungenzeka sase- kwinkqubo yokuphucula iinkqubo zokulawula, izixhobo, unxibelelwano, lwamaqosha ubhaqo. Kulo mzekelo, iinqanawa eninzi unako ukukhonza amashumi. Njengokuba kude njengoko uhlobo ntaka carrier "Mistral" kufanekisela iingongoma, umbuzo omkhulu.

"Admiral Kuznetsov" kuyilo yawo nelithi "Mistral". Le nqanawa ithwala imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, amagunya kuba indiza akayi kuba iimpawu zokuqhuba eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

asabela International

Iinqanawa nabangekafumani zigqityiwe, njengoko sele ibhengeziwe ukuba ichweba eliyinhloko Far Eastern Military uba indawo wokusekela inkcazo le ntaka yenethiwekhi omtsha Russian "Vladivostok", ezenzelwe yi "Mistral". Le ndaba kwabangela inkxalabo emsebenzini uRhulumente eJapan, uglyadevshego ukomeleza ukwakhiwa Pacific Fleet neenjongo ezithile ndlongondlongo. Kakade ke, lo odla ongunozakuzaku ummelwane wethu mpuma na kakhulu nezepolitiki kwaye yanele kwi amabango jikelele ratio kwi "kwimimandla esemantla", umbuzo yayo wamvusa ukusuka kumaxesha ngamaxesha, ngomhla olwandulela lonyulo olulandelayo. Ukucinga ukuba elihamba Russian aselwandle iya kuba iiyure ezimbalwa ukuya ezweni nomkhosi itanki ethile kwisiqithi Hokkaido, akunguye nditsho izwe eyinyani kunabo Japanese. Le ifoto "Mistral" Kubonakala yayintle, kodwa emva kokuba izixhobo imijukujelwa inqanawa e enomjukujelwa Cruiser, akayi kubuya, slug kakhulu, kwaye ngokubanzi, kungekhona ukuze, wakha athengiswe. Kwaye yintoni?

Serdyukov isazi empini

Kuya kuba bubulumko ukuzibuza ngayo oko, yaye kutheni, yaye kutheni. Ngowayesakuba nguMphathiswa wezoKhuselo AE Serdyukov ezintweni qhinga, ngokuqinisekileyo, wayesazi kancinane. Kude bazizityebi ngaphezu kokuba esinesiphiwo kunye nobuciko yendalo (Kakade, it has makings ye umlawuli ifilimu kakhulu elungileyo). Mhlawumbi Waphupha kanye, njengoko uya kukhangela elwandle kwaye zisongele izithuthi enkulu kunye kokwehla yobugcisa phantsi kweflegi ye eSt Andrew. Ngaphandle nobugcisa, kuyabonakala ukuba uMnu Serdiukov anazo ukubambelela ethile zorhwebo. Kodwa le kungamampunge kuphela.

Ukunakana besimo kwenziwe "Mistral" urhulumente Russian, kunokwenzeka, nje sakhiwa engonwabanga. iinqanawa ezimbini ( "Sevastopol" yaye "Vladivostok") sele, oko kuthathwa umyalelo we-Navy wavuma, yaye egameni engelutho yabo kukuba kwakhiwe esinye isibini esecaleni Russian phantse wala, nangona ngqo malunga oku sele ngayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Nje wagqiba ukuba alinde.

Kulungile, enyanisweni, akukho nto yenzekayo. Vertoletonesuschie iinqanawa emanzini udidi esemkhumbini awuhambisani ngokupheleleyo imfundiso Russian emkhosini, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kukho iingxaki yamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo enyanzelisa ukuba iindlela eziphuhliswe ngaphambili. Malunga enjalo inkundla uthi ukuba "kwicala ekhuselekileyo kwenzeka."

On iinqanawa imali echithwa, into leyo engeyakwenziwa ngendlela engcono, kodwa ungasebenzisa le ntaka kwimisebenzi yokugcina uxolo, leyo, njengoko iziganeko kwiinyanga ezisanda, zako kungenzeka.