I T-80U nge injini yerhasi; kunye nokubalulwa amafutha

Kwenzeka ukuba phantse yonke MBT (iitanki idabi engundoqo) yehlabathi abe injini diesel. Kukho kuphela iimeko ezimbini: i T-80U kunye "Abrams". Yiyiphi ingcamango ekhokelwa ziingcali yiSoviet, ukudala "vosmidesyatki" edumileyo, kwaye ingaba likhona na ithemba kulo matshini ngoku?

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala yasekhaya T-80U wakhululwa ngowe-1976, yaye ngowe-1980 yakhe "Abrams" Wenza abaseMelika. De kube ngoku, Russia kuphela kwaye United States abaxhobileyo iitanki ye mveliso yegesi. Ukraine musa ukuthatha ingqalelo, ngenxa yokuba kukho abaxhobileyo kuphela ne T-80UD, inguqulelo diesel le "vosmidesyatok 'odumileyo.

Yonke le nto yaqala ngo-1932 xa i-ofisi yoyilo obuphezu laseKirov mveliso yaququzelelwa kwi-USSR. Kuye emathunjini akhe wazalwa ingcamango wokudala itanki ngokwesiseko esitsha mayixhotyiswe mveliso yegesi. Ivela kule sigqibo kwakuxhomekeke kuhlobo itanki amafutha T-80U aya kusetyenziswa kwixa elizayo: diesel eqhelekileyo okanye separafini.

Le umyili odumileyo zh. Ya. Kotin, owayesebenza phezu ubeko lunamandla ISov, ngaxa lithile wacinga ngokudala izithuthi enamandla kwaye engcono ngakumbi exhobileyo. Yini na ke yena wajika ingqalelo yakhe injini yerhasi? Isibakala sokuba ufu- ukudala itanki alwaba kuluhlu iitoni 55-60 kuba ukuhamba eqhelekileyo ukuba kufuneka amandla lwemoto esingekho ngaphantsi kwe 1000 iilitha. a. Kuloo minyaka iinjini diesel ezinjalo nokuphupha kuphela. Yiyo loo nto, yaye ingcamango ukufakwa ngenqwelomoya imikhumbi ubuchwepheshe (okt SDT) lemoto.

Sele ngowe-1955, umsebenzi waqalisa kwiisampuli ezimbini ethembisayo zadalwa. Kodwa kwacaca ukuba iinjineli zesityalo laseKirov, phambi kokuba udale kuphela iinjini ngokuba iinqanawa, akazange aqonde ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi lobuchwepheshe. Lo msebenzi isivumelwano, waza ke wayeka ngokupheleleyo, njengokuba N. S. Hruschev ngokupheleleyo "ziqinisiwe phezulu" lonke uphuhliso matanki enzima. Ngoko ke ngelo xesha kubonakala kwi-T-80U, injini enceda kuphela, nto ayizange ithetha ukuba.

Noko ke, wammangalela Nikita Sergeyevich, kule meko akukho mfuneko: onxusene iye yabonisa kunye iinjini idizili elizayo, apho ngokuphandle wakhangela kakhulu ekrwada GTD maloobeschayusche. Yintoni Ndithi, ukuba i "obhalisiweyo" eyongezeleleki- yemveliso, le injini ayikwazanga kuphela 80s zenkulungwane yokugqibela, nkqu nanamhlanje leeyunithi amandla anjalo sengqondo ezininzi zomkhosi ayiqaqambanga kakhulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba kukho izizathu kakhulu njongo.

ukuqhubekeka

Yonke into yatshintsha emva kokudalwa MBT yokuqala yehlabathi, Kojima yaba T-64. Kungekudala, lo abayili waqonda ukuba mkhulu ugqibeleleyo netanki sinokwenziwa ngokusekelwe kuyo ... Kodwa nzima iimfuno engqongqo iqhutywe zobunkokeli lizwe; kufanele sibe nobunye kunye koomatshini ezikhoyo, ingadluli ubukhulu bazo, kodwa ngaxeshanye kukwazi kusetyenziswa njengendlela "kutsiba i IsiNgesi Channel."

Kwaye ke lonke kwakhona sikhunjuzwa-SDT, njengokuba powerplant lokuzalwa T-64 wayesele iimfuno ixesha engaguqukiyo ngamandla. Kwaba lelo xesha ke Ustinov wagqiba ukwenza i T-80U. Amafutha engundoqo kunye injini tanki ezintsha ukuyikhuthaza njenge iimpawu-high speed.

kobunzima

Ingxaki enkulu yayikukuba powerplant entsha izicoci zomoya efunekayo ubunokwazi ukulungiselela eqhelekileyo eMTO T-64A. Ngaphezu koko, iKomishoni efunekayo inkqubo block; ngamanye amazwi, i-injini kwafuneka ukuba kwenziwe ukuze lungasuswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye endaweni entsha iyalungiswa. Ngaphandle imali, Kakade ke, ixesha elininzi kuyo. Ke ukuba GTE compact noko ke yayilula, iinjineli inkqubo wokucoca umoya wanikela kakhulu yintloko.

Kodwa le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu, nkqu itanki idizili, singasathethi analogu yayo yegesi kwi T-80U. Enoba uhlobo izibaso ezisetyenzisiweyo, isityalo zeBlack blade turbine kunye implode nangoko kokutyatyekwa ukuba umoya ongena egumbini yokutsha akuyi ngokwaneleyo icocwe of ubumdaka eyonakalisayo kuyo.

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba zonke abayili injini sifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba umoya nghena isilinda okanye ukusebenza kwigumbi injini sele icocwe ngothuli nge-100%. Yaye kulula ukuyiqonda, njengoko uthuli ngokoqobo luzidla insides ze-injini. Enyanisweni, izenzo njenge sandpaper entle.

AMAGQABAZA ▸

Ngowe-1963, i-Morozov notorious wadalwa umatshini we-T-64T, olwalumiselwe injini yerhasi nge owayethozamile umthamo seelitha 700. a. Sele 1964, abayili evela Tagil, ukusebenza phantsi kwesikhokelo LN Kartseva wadala injini kakhulu ngakumbi zokujonga phambili, ebinokuthi ezikhutshiweyo 800 "amahashe".

Kodwa ke abayili, eKharkov, yaye Nizhny Tagil, senze iseti oluntsonkothileyo iingxaki zobuchwepheshe, ngenxa apho matanki yokuqala Russian nge injini yerhasi uyazibonakalisa kuphela 80s. Ekugqibeleni injini elungileyo ngokwenene ifumene kuphela T-80U. Kwamafutha esetyenziselwa konikezelo iimbumbulu, naye ithelekiseka enjinini evela AMAGQABAZA ▸ yokuqala, njengoko itanki ukuba usebenzise zonke iintlobo diesel oluqhelekileyo.

Asazi ngempazamo zipeyintwe uthuli ngentla iinkalo, ekubeni ingxaki womoya ngokuhlanjululwa mfanelo iye yaba yinto enzima kakhulu. Iinjineli baba namava enkulu kuphuhliso turbines ngenxa ntaka, iinjini ... kodwa ntaka utyando ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye umbuzo longcoliseko lomoya ezinothuli nokuphakama umsebenzi wabo zange ukuma onke. Ngokubanzi, umsebenzi waqhubeka (Isimanga) kuphela ngendlela yokufaka kwitanki enomjukujelwa Khrushchev, Breda.

I 'athembisayo "kakhulu iprojekthi ye" Dragon. " Kuba ebalulekileyo injini ophezulu ngamandla.

izinto ahlolwayo

Ngokubanzi, akumangalisi ukuba akubanga kubalulekile ukuba koomatshini ezinjalo inyusiwe ukushukumiseka, compactness kunye ngal ephantsi. Ngowe-1966, abayili bagqiba ukuya kwenye indlela yandule ukwandlalwa eluntwini ngootitshala yiprojekthi elilinge, baba kanye ezimbini GTD-350 intliziyo yayo, ekukhutshweni, njengoko kulula ukuyiqonda, 700 iilitha. a. isityalo Amandla eyakhelwe kwi-NPO. V. Ya. Klimova, apho ngelo xesha waba iingcali banamava ngokwaneleyo benza kuphuhliso turbines-moya neenqanawa. Bona ngokubanzi, waza wadala T-80U, injini apho ixesha layo yaba iziganeko ezenzeke ngokwenene.

Kodwa kungekudala kwacaca ukuba omnye GTD - yinto elukhuni kwaye kunokuba abangenazigqibo, nkqu yeSpark yabo engenayo ngenene akukho kuyigqitha komntu eqhelekileyo yesiphaluka mnye-sifuba. Kwaye njalo-1968 iye wakhupha umthetho olusemthethweni kuRhulumente kunye USSR Ministry of Defence ukuba aqalise umsebenzi kwi injongo eyodwa. Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-70s ukulungele netanki, apho kamva waba eyaziwa emhlabeni phantsi isiqu T-80U.

Iimpawu eziphambili

La malungiselelo (njengoko kwimeko T-64 ne T-72) classical, ne diff eMTO benqanawa - abantu abathathu. Ngokungafaniyo imifuziselo ezidlulileyo, apha mehvoda anikwe ntathu nje ezintathu, nto leyo iphucula kakhulu ukubonakala. Nakuba kunjalo elihle kwamatanki zasekhaya eziphambili emsebenzini elibaselwe ngumoji, apho kuye kwabonelelwa.

Inzuzo ukuba ubushushu ukusuka injini ukuvutha waba eninzi. Ngoko ke ukuba T-80U yerhasi injini nesizathu luthandwa of zidlula apho, njengokuba iimeko yabasebenzi abasebenza kulo ekhululekile kakhulu ngakumbi, xa uthelekisa lo matshini ne T-64/72.

Izindlu yenziwa yi welding, inqaba iphoswe,-engile iphepha utyekelo yi degrees 68. Njengoko ne T-64, zidibene isikrweqe yakhiwa isikrweqe zentsimbi kunye neseramikhi iye isetyenziswe. Ngenxa a engile ubengo ukutyekela nezinyuko yetanki T-80U inika amathuba eziphezulu labasebenzi ukuphila phantsi kweemeko ezinzima endle.

Kukwakho nenkqubo ephuhliswe kakuhle yokhuseleko kwezixhobo intshabalalo abaninzi evela crew, kuquka nuclear. Ubeko alwayo igumbi phantse ngokupheleleyo emeleneyo naleyo T-64B.

Iimpawu injini gumbi

Nabaqambi kusafuneka ukuba ibekwe longitudinally kwi eMTO GTE, nto leyo ibangele ngokuzenzekelayo ukunyuka okungephi ubungakanani kumatshini xa kuthelekiswa T-64. TBG yenzelwe njenge monoblock wokuweyisha 1050 kg. osemqoka balo ubukho izixhobo ethile, likuvumela ukuba uthathe i kunokwenzeka ubuninzi ukusuka imoto, ngokunjalo gearbox nje emibini.

Ukuze Supply ezisetyenziswa kwiitanki ezine nangoko eMTO nomthamo kweelitha 1140. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba T-80U yerhasi injini, amafutha apho ligcinwa imiqulu ezinjalo - kunokuba "olidla" itanki odla amaxesha 1.5-2 amafutha ngaphezu T-72. Kwaye ngoko ubungakanani matanki achaphazelekayo.

GTD-1000T wadala usebenzisa scheme umngxuma ezintathu na iqela elinye ezimbini injini isiguquli elizimeleyo. Ikratshi iinjineli - umlomo uhlengahlengiso ibandla evumela ulawulo kakuhle Akubuya turbine kwaye kwandisa kakhulu ubomi inkonzo yayo T-80U. Yintoni izibaso kucetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziselwe ukwandisa ayasiqinisekisa yeyunithi lwamandla na? Ababhekisi phambili ngokwabo bathi kakhulu kangangoko ukulungiselela le njongo, amafutha jet ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ekubeni uqhagamshelo amandla phakathi isiguquli kunye injini nje hayi, itanki Ungasa ngokuzithemba emhlabeni, nkqu ethwele umthamo kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye injini akayi okomzuzwana imeko kwanokuba yokumisa ngequbuliso loo matshini. Kwaye yintoni "feeds" T-80U? Amafutha imoto yayo inokuba nomahluko ...

ufakelo turbine

Inzuzo ephambili amafutha injini yerhasi kweli zezitya yayo. Ingaqalisa kwisibaso jet, naluphi na uhlobo diesel, libya-octane petrol elungiselelwe zeenqwelo-mafutha. Kodwa! T-80U, yepetroli kufuneka kuphela flowability njee, kodwa ke kunobuzaza kakhulu "mvume 'ukutsha. Agcwalisa hayi zokubasa kufumaneka kuphela kwiimeko yokulwa ekucetyiswa, ekubeni kubandakanya ukuncitshiswa ebalulekileyo yobomi injini kunye turbine ngamaphiko.

Ukuqalisa i-injini ngeendleko ukukhuthazwa compressors, athi abenoxanduva imoto ezimbini liqulathwe-ngokwalo zombane. Umsayino ive yetanki T-80U asezantsi kakhulu kunokuba diesel nesinye zombini ngenxa kanye iimpawu turbine kunye nenkqubo exhaust ekhethekileyo amalungiselelo. Ukongeza, umatshini ukhetheke xa elekhtrons lisetyenziswa iziqhoboshi hydraulic kunye injini ngokwayo, apho itanki enzima iyakuvingca phantse ngephanyazo.

kwenziwa njani oku? Inyaniso kukuba xa namafutha brake enye sicinezelweyo yabe injini iqale ukujikeleza icala. Le nkqubo inika umthwalo omkhulu phezu ebambekayo yabe kunye injini ngokwayo, kodwa kuba alawulwa ngekhompyutha. Ngenxa yoko, xa elekhtrons ngesiquphe kumele utaplivat emoto ngokupheleleyo. Emsebenzini ngoko nangoko wawuquka iziqhoboshi hydraulic.

Ezinye iimpawu etankini, iye sisibaso "umphefumlo" eziphantsi kakhulu. Ukuphumeza oku abayili ikwazile akukho kanye. Ukunciphisa izibaso bagqitywe, ezo njineli ndazifaka ezenzekelayo jika inkqubo yolawulo samanzi (XUAR). Oku kuquka abenzi obushushu kunye izilawuli, isitshixo, enxulumene ngokwasemzimbeni kunye kwinkqubo yonikezelo amafutha.

Ngenxa SAUR banxibe iincakuba likwazile ukwehlisa nge-10%, kwaye umsebenzi bolu enyovwayo waqhekeza kunye nezixhobo ukushenxisa Umqhubi ukunciphisa amafutha ngo 5-7%. Hi ndlela leyi, yaye yintoni le itanki yamafutha main? T-80U kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo kufuneka refueled lweenqwelo separafini, kodwa ioli diesel kufanelekile kunye nomgangatho.

systems Air zokuhlanjululwa

yasetyenziswa yinkanyamba air ocwenga, ngokubonelela nokususwa% 97 ngothuli emoyeni ungasondeli kunye nezinye izinto kwamanye amazwe. Hi ndlela leyi, i "Abrams" (ngenxa eziqhelekileyo enezigaba ezibini zokuhlanjululwa), eli nani esisondele ku-100%. Kungenxa yesi sizathu itanki amafutha T-80U - umxholo yomguli, njengokuba kubhaliwe wachitha ngaphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa netanki imbangi yakhe yaseMelika.

I-3% ngothuli efakwe kwi yabe injini ngokohlobo zeBlack ngobubende. Ukuyisusa, nabayili unikeze lokungcangcazela inkqubo lokucoca oluzenzekelayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nemifula umoya kuqhagamshelaniswa izixhobo ekhethekileyo lokuqhuba kwamanzi. It ikuvumela ukuba woyise emlanjeni kubunzulu kuyimitha enekota.

itanki transmission standard - Mechanical, uhlobo langa. Oku kuquka iibhokisi ezimbini, gearbox ngambini, ngambini hydraulic drive. Kukho izantya ezine phambili kunye umva omnye. nosaziwayo Track, irabha-camera. Track Kwakhona lwangaphakathi umkhondo irabha. Ngenxa yoku, i-T-80U yi semoto eqolo.

Tensioning ikhutshwa phandle umbungu-uhlobo iindlela. Ukumiswa ukuhlanganiswa, le nto ndiyibhalayo zombini imivalo torsion kunye absorbers umothuko ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi kwi rinks ezintathu.

iimpawu ezingalweni

Main isixhobo - imodeli gun 2A46M-1, ukuvuleka ilingana 125 mm. Kanye ke guns efanayo banikwa kwamatanki T-64/72, kwakunye na umtshabalalisi itanki ayaziwa "ngwane".

Ngezikhali (njengoko kwi-T-64) luzinzile ngokupheleleyo moya ezimbini. ethwala abanamava bathi uluhlu edubuleyo ngqo kwinjongo abangaboniyo waphawula uyakwazi ukufikelela 2100 standard m Ammunition :. High-neziqhushumbisi, lihlaba projectiles ezimilise kwentlawulo. A autoloader kwi sigaba omnye ube ipali ukuya ku-28, kwaye eziliqela kungenziwa akhiwe kwi gumbi ekulweni.

izixhobo Auxiliary ezi-12.7 mm Umatshini gun "inesandla", kodwa Ukraine ziye belibele naziphi na izixhobo ezifanayo, ugxininise kwiimfuno umthengi lowo. ethile Huge na umpu kamatshini thuma kuyo kunokuba umphathi itanki kuphela, yaye ukuba kunjalo kuyimfuneko ukushiya umatshini zabronevoe isithuba. Ekubeni sokuqala 12.7 mm iimbumbulu ballistics efana kakhulu nolo projectile, nompu injongo olukhulu kwakhona Ukugxila igalelo lwe umpu engundoqo ngaphandle Iimboniselo.

boeukladki

Imishini ukulwa pack iposwe abathungi kujikelezo umqulu kwelimiweyo itanki. Njengoba ingxenye yetotali lweetanki MSW T-80 ubambe amafutha, abayili ngenxa mqulu kwanyanzeleka ukuba babeke tye kuphela kweqokobhe, kanti njengeziqhubeli abhaliweyo igubu tye. Kuyinto umahluko "vosmidesyatok" oqaphelekayo kakhulu ukusuka T-64/72, apho projectiles intlawulo okukunyusa amalungiselelo tye kumgangatho roller.

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo gear engundoqo kunye umlayishi

Xa kokufumana Igubu umyalelo efanelekileyo iqala ku gqiba, ngaxeshanye UPawulos uhlobo olukhethiweyo of projectile ukuya kulayishwa moya. Emva koko, lo mshini itshixiwe, kunye iqokobhe ntlawulo ukunyusa zithunyelwe isixhobo usebenzisa fixed enye indawo ukulayisha ngentonga. Emva emkhonweni shot ngokuzenzekelayo yathinjwa indlela ekhethekileyo wazibeka iseli igubu esingenamntu.

"Okuvezwa" kulayishwa luqinisekisa izinga zokudubula kwemijikelo hayi ngaphantsi kwe ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ngomzuzu. Ukuba kulayishwa ezenzekelayo uyasilela, ungenza ngesandla akanakuhlawulisa umpu, kodwa zidlula bakholelwa phuhliso ngqiqweni (umsebenzi nzima kakhulu ixesha elide) iziganeko. Le Itanki esetyenziswa imodeli emehlweni TPD 2-49, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umpu yazinza-moya nkqo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukujonga umgama alukuhle ndizijolise kwi imigama 1000-4000 m.

ezinye iimpucuko

Ngowe-1978, itanki T-80U nge injini yerhasi sele noko yala maxesha. I ezintsha eliyinhloko ukubonakala 9K112-1 inkqubo enomjukujelwa "Cobra", ukudutyulwa leyo uvelisa imijukujelwa 9M112. Umjukujelwa ukuba hit ekujoliswe vehicles kumgama-4 km, yaye eli linokuba yaba 0.8 ukuya 1, kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu elimi kunye nentshukumo ekujoliswe Velocity.

Ekubeni enomjukujelwa kuphinda ubungakanani standard projectile-125 mm, oku kungenziwa akhiwe ngayo nayiphi na indlela umlayishi itreyi. Le nenqaba leyo "itshixiwe phezulu" kuphela nxamnye izithuthi vehicles, kuphela warhead lonyuselo. Njengesiqhelo shot irula ngokokwakheka iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini, leyo ukuhlanganiswa kwenzeka xa yindlela esezantsi ephepheni iyalayisha. It uyacengeka kwindlela semi-automatic: neyalekelwayo yokuqala gunner kufuneka ngokuqinileyo ubambe isakhelo capture kwinjongo target.

Isikhokelo okanye enombala, okanye owenza umqondiso kunomathotholo. Bawandise amathuba ukubetha kwithagethi, gunner ungakhetha enye kweendlela ezintathu imijukujelwa moya, ugxininise imeko yomkhosi kunye emaphandleni ajikelezileyo. Amava abonisa ukuba kuluncedo xa uhlasela izithuthi vehicles ukhuselwe iinkqubo counter esebenzayo.