Pak DA (Pak DA): Russian zeqhinga bomber-irula inaso esi isizukulwana esitsha

Ngaba kwenzeka ukuba kuthi kamsinya ukumangaliswa indalo omhle abayili zethu kunye Pak DA akafuni ukufumana imodeli kunye imilo lokwenene? ababengaphambi kwakhe wayesele wabonisa kule maks-2017 e Zhukovsky, nangona wathembisa nokupasa kwazo ngo-2018. Kakade ke, noko kulindeleke ukuba zonke moya, kodwa Tu-160m2 sele umxhelo uluntu ngokupheleleyo. Flight Pak DA ngokohlobo le ndlovu uvavanyo lokuqala kulindeleke kuphela ngo-2020, kodwa ndincome umphandle i "Iphiko eziphaphazelayo" kakade ngoku ingqalelo imodeli, ngaxeshanye ukwazi uluvo yeengcali njengoko kuvunyiwe kutshanje ukuba kwisethi entsha injini amahlanza 23 TF.

injini

Babizwa ngokuba "Inqaku 80" liqulunqe lonke corporation, yaye ngoku lisebenza kunye iziketshi zigqityiwe. Le mveliso yiprojekthi motor-mbini eya kukuthwala Pak DA, isifundo rhoqo incoko kunye nengxoxo noluntu ngokubanzi, kuba inkoliso ukusuka Aviation nobunjineli nophuhliso kude. Noko ke, ukuvela-moya entsha ochaphazelekayo ngokoqobo zonke. abantu mhlawumbi abambalwa baseRashiya abalindelekanga ukuba ungazekaneki umoya wam, uya Pak xa DA, akavuma kulandelwa inkqubela yomsebenzi kweli cala.

Ngoko ke, United Injini Corporation waxelela uluntu ukuba uyilo lokuqala le ngeemoto yamkelwe, kunye neqela abayili sele uqalisile ukuhlakulela amaxwebhu ukusebenza kwalo moya ephawulekayo. USekela Mphathiswa wezoKhuselo emva zokwamkelwa yoyilo idrafti lazise eendaba ukuba ixesha ukulungela epheleleyo Pak DA yayiluma buba. Kuba okokuqala icebo lakhe ukuze uphakamise emoyeni kuphela iminyaka esixhenxe okanye esibhozo, nokuveliswa ziya kuqala ngo-2029-m.

incazelo

enomjukujelwa Strategic liyaqulunqwa KB "Tupolev" ukukhusela ikamva kwilizwe lethu, Pak DA uya kuba eziluncedo ezininzi phezu zonke iimodeli ezikhoyo okwangoku of ezontathu. Ke kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe izixhobo ezininzi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kuhlala ezingabonakaliyo esibhakabhakeni kwaye akwazi ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo naziphi zokuchopha.

Yokubalekela iimpawu Pak DA - moya, kakhulu ancamisayo naziphi ekuhlaseleni ukuba into ezelwe. Nguye elide ziya balihambahambe emsebenzini emoyeni, wayisusa kwaye kokufika zonke iimeko, nguye yedwa payload ilungileyo. Kodwa ke iimfuno ngesantya moya nkqu noSekela Mphathiswa uYuri Borisov alizithathi ibaluleke kangaka, kuba uhlaselo umoya wafumana izinto ezintsha. Lo mhlathi ingxelo akhe wawuxhokonxa noluntu oluchaphazelekayo.

Malunga iinkalo bomber entsha

I incoko e Kazan lweenqwelo izityalo, apho uYuri Borisov ufike kutyelelo esebenzayo. Isizathu soku tyelelo emangalisayo - Kazan waqalisa ukuqokelela yokuqala ezihlaziyiweyo Tu-160m2, leyo, ngokutsho iingcali, ukuze sisebenze njengomthetheli phakathi ngenqwelomoya yethu ehlala ihleli ezikhoyo, nokuba uya kuba Pak DA (Pak DA). Apha kule ntlanganiso kunye nabaqeshwa izityalo wavakalisa ulwazi oluthile malunga nokudala bomber entsha.

Apha kwakhona wabamba isicelo zobuchwepheshe obutsha: Iingcali zethu baye bafunda ukuba ukupheka titanium, izinto enzima-umsebenzi kunye ultra-ukukhanya. Fuselages zonke Tu-160s zaveliswa usebenzisa le ndlela, busaviwa leyo igqityiwe. Ukuba ngaba sifunda ngakumbi ilawulwa ngcono nge titanium, asiyi kubona ndiyingwenya enjalo eziphaphazelayo, indlela wamitha Pak DA (Pak DA).

ukubonakala

Iskim ngokwawo lo moya - wing flying - akukho zemveli zilungele Aviation Russian. Ngaphandle, ntetho yethu DA - moya umfuziselo American Northrop B-2 uMoya, bomber qhinga enzima kakhulu kwaye avulekile. Umahluko kukuba "bat" wethu uya kuba fuselage titanium yaye isixa esikhulu lweplastiki iinxalenye (zizonke). Athotywa wadala MS-21 umkhweli airliner, yaye yaba kakuhle kakhulu. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala moya linike iphiko indalo yoyilo udlinnonnogo, nto leyo yenziweyo zeplastiki - ezifanayo heavy-umsebenzi kunye ultra-ukukhanya. Xa kuthelekiswa iBoeing okanye Airbus, sifumana zibi ngakumbi.

Kodwa emva Pak DA. Bomber iye ukungafikeleli kwimakethi ngaphambili ngenxa izakhono ashukimisayo fuselage okhethekileyo. KaYuri Borisov wagxininisa ukuba iimfuno ukuba iinqwelo- utshintsha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kule Aviation onokulufikelela emva kwexesha elide. Akusekho mfuneko ngesantya supersonic nokufikelela kufuphi nendawo, ngenxa yokuba akukho mfuneko ukuba atyhudise utshaba wokhuselo ngokunzulu. Ngoko ke Tu-160, Tu-ngokugqibeleleyo ukumelana 160m2. Kodwa bombardirovschy qhinga Pak DA uya kuba subsonic, akayi kuba nako ukuphuhlisa isantya ngaphezu umntwana gqira - i-Tu-95.

"Adi waseZulwini"

Loo umbono meko kukho inkcazo, yaye kufanelekile. Ingakumbi ngokwalo imali. Kwaye ngenene, namhlanje udubule imijukujelwa ngokukhawuleza, phambili umganyana, sele kufikelelwe hypersound. Kutheni Yenza moya ukwenza oko, umgaqo, musa mfuneko? Ingakumbi kuba kuza ibiza kangaka yokuzikhethela. Russian bomber Pak DA ngo msebenzi ngumyalelo nje zezulu zitshiphu nayiphi na imoto supersonic. Akujongwanga ukuba ndaphule kunye nokulwa phakathi kwam, le umoya yokugcina ezehla ukuphumla kwi elibala.

Pak DA ( "Tupolev") ziya kuthwala lwexesha uluhlu imijukujelwa imikhumbi - into ebulalayo ngokupheleleyo imfuyo yabo. Umzekelo, X-555 kunye H101, leyo ubhabha usuka ukude kangangeekhilomitha ezintathu ukuya kumawaka amahlanu. Kwaye kukho esinye ngaphezulu - ezintsha, njengoko bathi, ngaphezu kwayo yonke impilo abenayo, kodwa ezicacileyo ye evulekileyo le mfihlakalo. Lo moya karma kwabonakala into efanayo malunga nokusebenza isantya. Umzekelo, F-22, i-Umzingeli, ukulwa yesihlanu-sizukulwana, ukuba uphume ezizodwa kunye ngezantya supersonic, kodwa akukho mntu okanye omnye kuye, mhlawumbi, ayiloncedo, kuba akukho gunya kumlo melee mihla. Hayi guns kuthetha, kwaye rocket, uze ufake ummandla air ukuziphendulela utshaba ayikho imfuneko.

Nini?

Xa imveliso industrial-moya omtsha iza kuhamba zethu yesithandathu-sizukulwana Pak DA? ICandelo loMphathiswa Defence waqinisekisa ukuba kamsinya nje yokuqala umlambo ziza kubekwa ngokutsha Tu-160 ezisithele yayo entsha. Lo Tu-160m2, kunye kushishino lweenqwelo kwi umsebenzi kwakhona ukusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo kunye neendlela zobugcisa, kunye nezixhobo ukuze aphephe ukuhlawula kabini uphuhliso kunye nemveliso. Kwaye phezu Inkcazelo Tu-160m2 usinike ngokusesikweni i maks-2017: imveliso waqalisa, kunye nenkonzo kwi omkhosi, uya kuqhubeka ngo-2021. Ezayo Tu-160m2 avionics kuya kufuneka ukuba aya kakhulu ngobuchule DA bomber Pak. Kuphela isisu semoto iinjini ziya kwahluka. ngoko Le projekthi kunciphisa iindleko kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

AmaMelika, ukuphuhlisa bomber yakho Generation Okulandelayo bomber ekupheleni koo, umhla imveliso wokugqibela ekuthethwe ngawo 2035. Pak DA waqala iza kuphuhliswa-2008, kwaye isantya indalo yayo Stakhanov ngokucacileyo nakanye. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba lo gama nje kungekho mfazwe, apho wayeza kuba yimfuneko, yaye okwesibini, iindleko zale projekthi yinto enkulu ngokwenene. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuqikelelwa kwi ezingamashumi amathathu anesihlanu amawaka ezigidi zeerandi. Kwi-US, ukuchitha kuphela ezilishumi umsebenzi yoyilo, nokuba kungakanani kuya kufuneka ukuba imali iyonke, nokuba malunga asazi. Ngoko ke, Musa ukungxama nokuba nathi okanye nabo. Kunye nabezomkhosi bakholelwa ukuba nide off Okulandelayo Generation bomber, kunye Pak wethu DA uya kukha alinde kunye imbonakalo.

iimpawu

Imilinganiso yalo bomber entsha iya isimanga: kwi ubunzima ukundiza obukhulu iitoni 110. Umzekelo, i-Tu-160, le parameter okulahlwayo 275, apho kuphela amafutha ubunzima 148. Umfuno Pak DA, ziboniswe imiqathango yezalathiso, ezilishumi elinambini lamawaka nesiqingatha khilomitha, kwaye ubunzima payload kunye neetoni mathathu. Oku akwanelanga. Tu-160 kuphakamisa le imijukujelwa-nye-ton mane zibhombu, kodwa B-2 uMoya - kuphela mabini anababini.

VK-eyiNtloko Russian Federation wachaza ukuba le imbaxa hayi moya engundoqo kunye nezixhobo zalo. Esi sakhiwo siza kuba kukuthwala imijukujelwa iqela iikhilomitha ukuya ku amawaka asixhenxe, nto leyo zivumelekile ukuba zizenzele izigqibo phi, nini, ingaba ephakame kwaye yintoni nesantya ukubhabha. -Moya - kuphela kwinkqubo unikezelo kwindawo apho ekuqaleni-up luya kuqhutywa. Ukongeza, i-Pak DA bangathwali kuphela imijukujelwa qhinga, kodwa ezinye isixhobo - nocoselelo kunye neenkcukacha neempawu zayo, azikhange ziveziwe.

Abaziqhelileyo ezintsha

Iinjini kuba bomber amatsha oluphuhlisiweyo e Samara ngoku, "Kuznetsov". Isiseko waba injini NK-32, lowo efakwe kwi ekuhlaseleni zethu ezicwangcisekileyo Tu-160. Priedpriyatiya inkxalabo KRET sele asakhasayo avionics kuba Pak DA. Ngokutsho isivumelwano jikelele kunye nabenzi moya wadala ibhodi emanyeneyo. Uyilo Umsebenzi KRET nabo babandakanyekayo.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ubuchwepheshe iza kusetyenziswa kwaye yavavanyelwa, kunye ezintsha ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye izixhobo kunye neenkqubo abolekwe nokuqhubekayo eziye owawubona ukwanela ephezulu kunye nokuthembeka. Ngokupheleleyo abalibona entsha ziya kuhamba kwindawo enezakhiwo, unxibelelwano, kwesimo kunye imfazwe elektroniki.

iingcali zithi

iingcali US bakholelwa ukuba le nqwelo-moya entsha yomkhosi eRashiya kuyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe ukubusa kwisampula intlonelo yenyukliya. EUnited States sele kwinkonzo elinethoba bomber ezingabonakaliyo B-2 uMoya. Kwaye ngoku ilizwi Russian - nokuba 2025 wamthuma elinambini Pak DA butho kuqala? ingcali Military evela Romania Valentin Vasilescu uqiniseke apho kuya kubakho, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngaphambili.

NATO Iingcali waxoxa iimpawu zobugcisa bambardirovschika elizayo Russian. Bayazi ukuba kunokwenzeka, Russia uya kwenza bomber entsha efana American B-2 uMoya, ongabonakaliyo radar. moya Hypersonic babe kushenxa ezincinane kakhulu yaye inertia enkulu, yaye ngoko iinjini Pak DA ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba imoto enkulu, kakhulu, xa kanye ngendlela efanayo njengoko kwenziwe ekuhlaseleni American.

okucingelwayo

Uyilo Pak DA luxoxwe iinkcukacha ziingcali kwaye mhlawumbi kakhulu elide-wayediniwe. Ingcamango ibalulekileyo kukuba kule nkalo eRashiya waboleka ingcamango ukusuka yesihlanu-isizukulwana efanayo karma wayo - i T-50, kwaye ndlwana yenziwe kwi indlela "zabantu - computer" (ingqiqo MMI). Oku uya kusivusa-moya ngaphandle ungenelelo crew - ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ndlwana kufuneka umboniso yedijithali Electronic System Flight Instrument kunye LCD umbala wekhusi nganye yabaqhubi amabini, nto leyo eza kuqinisekisa ukusebenza yekhompyutha ukulawula flight. Ukusebenzisa netheknoloji "cwaka" eyenza isicelo yesakhiwo moya. Pak DA fly ebusuku, ngoko indima boluvo emoyeni, yande kakhulu, yaye isantya hypersonic yokusebenza manual kususa. Isiphelo: bomber, mhlawumbi, bekuya kuba okulungileyo, kodwa eRashiya akuyi kuya kakuhle (ziyinyani, andazi, ufanele abe Pak DA Isantya hypersonic).

Ngaba iingenelo Pak DA?

Iingcali ungaqinisekanga yintoni. Izindlu kunye ukutyabeka eyodwa indiza kufuna ngokoqobo bebadlula ngokukalishumi ixesha inkonzo ngaphezu ekuhlaseleni eziqhelekileyo. Kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - Pak DA akayi kuba nako ukuthatha ithuba phambi kokuba isilumkiso emoyeni kwangethuba kunye nolawulo (AWACS).

Nangona kunjalo, ezi nzuzo ziya kubakho. Pak DA alinayo nayiphi na iingongoma uthimbo, okanye isithuba iziqhushumbisi kunye imijukujelwa ngaphantsi kwamaphiko, kwaye uchitha imiphumo radar. yokugcina uzeleyo izixhobo Zivalwé itshixiwe up. Kodwa umzimba uphela - yayisoma okhethekileyo. Babone radar yakhe.

Ukongeza, nkqu kwisizukulwana sethu sesihlanu ekuhlaseleni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-imowudi zaselwandle, kunye nabaqhubi apha Russian abe luncedo kuba ngamava abo yokubalekela Arctic omkhulu. Yaye ke, iingcali NATO, phezu reflection, wavuma, sikhumbula indlela ezimbini Tu-160 (ekuhlaseleni ekujoliswe) Yaphaphazela iiyure ezilishumi ngaphandle kokufaka ukusuka kwisixeko Russian of Engels eVenezuela.