Umngcipheko Professional: inkcazelo, izinto, amanqanaba kunye nokwahlulwa iingozi emsebenzini, iindlela zovavanyo ubungozi emsebenzini

Ngenkulungwane XX umbuzo kophononongo iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo umngcipheko iye mlonyeni kakhulu. Humanity ngeli xesha kuye impumelelo enkulu kwinkqubo nokuzinziswa umsebenzi. Kakhulu ngcono nentlo-ntle jikelele; ezininzi kumazwe aseYurophu kweminyaka yokuphila liye landa. Nangona kunjalo, ubungozi kuluntu lancipha nje kuphela, kodwa kunokuba yokubakho qho labo liye landa ubungqongqo iziphumo, kunye nohlobo imbonakalo yazo kakhulu nzima ngakumbi.

ngumba

Njengenye ubungozi ngakwicala jikelele le nkqubo yezoqoqosho. It ikhawulezisa intshukumo "ukubetha" ziinkathazo ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye iplanethi. Ngelo xesha , ehlabathi yoqoqosho kuchaphazela iinkqubo zemali yezopolitiko, yezentlalo,, ukudala apha iingozi ezibandakanyekayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba buthathaka phantse lonke uluntu lwehlabathi imba eqolo. Kukho ngoku kuyaxoxwa iintlekele yezopolitiko emkhosini, ukufudumala, ukusasazeka ubugrogrisi, ukungabikho amanzi okusela. Le mbono "abasemngciphekweni" ngokuqinileyo elikhuselweyo Lexicon mihla.

Imeko emhlabeni

Le mbono "abasemngciphekweni" itolikwa ngabaphandi abahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho Giddens, esisebenza ngayo njengoko lophawu okusegazini "modernity phezulu". Le element luphawulwa iinkqubo uncontrollability chain olubalulekileyo kunye neemeko ezibeka emngciphekweni ukuba abadlali ngamnye kunye noluntu ezincinane kunye uluntu luphela. Inkolo Beck ukholelwa ukuba umngcipheko luphawu ebanzi kuluntu kwisigaba ethile yophuhliso yayo, emva abapasa i-mveliso kunye nasemva-mveliso inqanaba lophuhliso, waba "uluntu ingozi". kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba i-logic yoshishino zokuqokelelwa kobutyebi kunye nokusasazwa kobutyebi uguqulwe ingcamango kusasazwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo yosongo eveliswa iinkqubo yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe. Intsimi olukhulayo zokusasaza kunye nobungakanani lwemingcipheko kubangela uphelelo ubutyebi wadalwa luluntu. Ngenxa yoko a xenga jikelele, waphula umgaqo rhwebo.

ukuphepha

Inzala kwi uhlobo isahlakalo lweengozi ezahlukeneyo kuye sasingumba umsebenzi iingcali kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi. Ngoku kubabela elo ezahlukeneyo ezinobungozi oosonzululwazi ukunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. iintlobo Risk, umzekelo, iquka yotshintsho, ezopolitiko, zeteknoloji, civilizational. Izoyikiso ziphandwa ngokunxulumene izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqumrhu abahlala kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Njengengqiqo ezingundoqo, nto leyo olwahlula inqanaba zokuzikhusela eejaji lomngcipheko, ukhuseleko. Lo mqathango ulawulo ixabiso usongo purposive. Ukhuseleko kufuna nqanaba liphezulu ukukhusela yezentlalo kwempembelelo zobuchwepheshe kunye nezopolitiko. Le ndlela equlethwe kuMthetho Federal № 2446-1 ukusuka 1992. Oku kucingwa njengelizwe ekhuselekileyo yokuzikhusela womntu, uluntu kunye norhulumente kubaluleke kakhulu kwizifundo kwaye izithethi njengoko iseti iimfuno, ulwaneliseko eqinisekisa ithuba inkqubela. Le nkcazo ibonisa udidi kumacala amabini:

1. A vangama eziyimiqobo sokwenene iimeko zempilo kunye nobomi imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwabantu, uluntu zabo kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Le nkqubo yahlukile izicwangciso esemthethweni eyayikho esanda ezingqondweni zabantu, waqonda ukhuseleko nje ukungabikho ogcweleyo umngcipheko.
2. Ukufezekiswa kwale okanye inqanaba wokhuselo kuza kuphela kufutshane omnye ezilikhulu ekhulwini. Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kunye nokufumaneka kwamajelo noqoqosho kuluntu.

umngcipheko Occupational: definition

Lo usongo ezenziwe ngumntu. Igama elithi "ehambisana nomsebenzi" ingakumbi ukufunda nzulu njengenxalenye nokusekwa kweendlela mandatory-inshorensi yoluntu nxamnye neengozi kwimveliso kunye izifo emsebenzini, ukusekwa kweenkqubo pension eyimfuneko. umngcipheko Professional yindlela ilahleko (umonakalo) ngempilo okanye ukufa ezinxulumene kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi phantsi isivumelwano sengqesho kunye kwezinye iimeko emiselwe ngumthetho.

iindidi key

La maxwebhu olumisiweyo babeka iingqiqo ezininzi ezinxulumene umngcipheko emsebenzini. Ngokukodwa, izibonelelo ezikhoyo yezomthetho udidi enjalo, njengoko iqondo yokwenzakala, ukugula nokunika iindleko ze-inshorensi, kuzinza iindidi zemisebenzi ye-inshorensi. Zonke ezi zinto zenza ukuba udidi lomngcipheko kwinqanaba yobungcali. Ukuze kuchongwe iingozi ezinokubakho kunye nokuzotywa kwabalinganiswa ubungakanani yosongo ziqhuba uhlalutyo ngendlela. Ukuhlolwa komngcipheko yasemsebenzini inkqubo uvavanyo olusekelwe kwiziphumo zohlalutyo lomngcipheko. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuchongwa nokuba mda avumelekile kuyedlulwa ingozi. ulawulo lomngcipheko ngumsebenzi eququzelelweyo swi ukuncitshiswa iqondo ingozi ngaphakathi sikhokelo lwamaxabiso kangangoko. Le nkqubo ibandakanya uhlalutyo ukuqinisekiswa izisongelo, uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa amanyathelo yokhuselo, kwakunye abalinganiswa ngempumelelo yabo. umngcipheko umnxeba esebenzayo, engaquki ingxaki enkulu kumaxabiso zentlalo xa zikhona.

iingxaki ezikhoyo

Formation of ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze nokusekwa nokusebenza ngokukuko kwamaziko inshorensi sikhatshwa isigqibo iqela lemisebenzi engxamisekileyo. Inyathelo lokuqala kukwazi ukuba kuqulunqwe inkqubo entsha ngokupheleleyo ukwenzela uhlalutyo lizwe. Okwesibini, kufuneka udale iseti iindlela zonyango-zentlalo, intlangano, zomthetho nezemali ezinxulumeneyo ngenxa elawula kwinqanaba wokhuseleko. Xa siqwalasela ingxaki yokuqala, umthamo kwimiba efuna izisombululo eziqhutywa yi ubume obubanzi izoyikiso, ngeentlobo zazo enkulu, ende kwaye kunzima ukuqikelela imiphumo. ubungozi occupational Classification kubandakanya amaqela ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwama-150. Ngaphakathi kuyo ohluka malunga 1000 iintlobo izoyikiso yingozi wokwenene 2 amawaka. Amakhono Ezahlukeneyo. Ngelo xesha, uluhlu ekhoyo ayigqitywanga. Inkcaza kuyo iintlobo imingcipheko zemisebenzi zinxulumene kuphela iinkalo ezithile yempilo nokhuseleko lwasemsebenzini.

ingakumbi i

Ngokufanelekileyo engozini enkulu kwintsimi umsebenzi ibangelwa iqondo eliphezulu umsebenzi mveliso. Njengenxalenye yale kweemveliso iyasetyenziswa technology kunye nezixhobo, izinto eziphilayo imichiza, amandla kunye nemitha engena ngenkuthalo. lo Zonke - ubungozi emsebenzini. Uphuhliso lwemimandla mveliso ezahlukeneyo kukhokelela ukuba phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu, kuquka non-imveliso, yongezwe zonke iintlobo izisongelo mhaka. Iingcali ezininzi zithi ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ithuba iimeko eziyingozi kwi ibutho labasebenzi entsimini yemveliso eziphathekayo asikho kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, kutshanje kuya kusiba uvavanyo ebaluleke olubanzi umngcipheko emsebenzini.

izimiso analysis

Kwiinkqubo zolawulo mihla ukusuka zokuhlola ethile yokuvavanywa occupational iingozi. Uhlalutyo kufuneka ube:

1. nqubo evele, kodwa abazi, ngenxa yomsebenzi ngenjongo. Kufuneka sibonise umdla umqeshwa kunye nomqeshi.
2. Belinani. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba amanqanaba imingcipheko zemisebenzi ezinxulumene ngqo kubungakanani lomvuzo. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile iimveliso zinikwa ngumsebenzi izibonelelo. Kulo msebenzi, ejolise ekunciphiseni iingozi emsebenzini, oko kufuneka kubalulwe, kwakhona ezinxulumene neendleko.
3. Injongo, esekelwe kwimigaqo, iindlela, iinkqubo njalo njalo. Recognised yaye umqeshi kunye nomsebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlalutyo kufuneka icace kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba yonxulumano kwezemisebenzi.

Oku kulandela ngelithini ukuba iindlela zemisebenzi yovavanyo lomngcipheko kufuneka ube:

1. Ukubonelela ngedatha ubungakanani. Kuvumelekile ukuba usebenzise isikali ezahlukeneyo: simo, interval njalo njalo.
2. Yiba ilula kwaye ongenantandabuzo. Iindlela zokuhlola ubungozi umsebenzi kufuneka zinike ithuba abameli kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwenkqubo yolawulo, kubandakanywa abaphathi, iintloko candelo, iiforimani, iingcibi.
3. Zicingele reproducibility lweziphumo ezifunyenwe ngokuchanileyo kwangaphambili. Umzekelo, xa kunokuthi kubekho impikiswano yabasebenzi, uhlolo lokuthobela, uhlahlelo ukusebenza ngempumelelo amanyathelo othintelo njalo njalo.

Matrix "amathuba - umonakalo"

umngcipheko Professional zingacwangciswa ngokwalo ubuninzi ngaphandle ukubala ngqo iziganeko sase-. Isebenzisa "amathuba-ububi" matrix. Umongo le ndlela kuxhomekeke yokuba ingcali kwimeko nganye umisela ithuba uluhlu layo ukwenzeka: ephantsi, ephakathi, phezulu. Ngokuhambelana kunye nale ibhaqwe umonakalo enokwenzeka: elikhulu, eliphakathi, encinane. Le ndlela ithathwa ngokuba aqheleka kakhulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo ngenxa elula. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ezikhathazayo kakhulu. Ngokubeka ubungozi, izakhono sokuqeqeshelwa ngokusekelwe kulwazi lwabo namava, kwakunye iimvakalelo zakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha kamva awususe japan eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo iimeko ezifanayo igalelo.

imisebenzi yomlomo

Ngaphandle ukujongwa ekusekeni amathuba apho ingozi kusenokuvela, ingcali professional Yinkcazelo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kakuhle eli ndlela kukuba ixabiso ngalinye ubungakanani ngenene ingenzeka le isiganeko ekwafanekisa le uphawu ityala ethile. Xa echaza amathuba ingcali nganye kukhokelwa uluhlu lwemithetho:

1. Nayiphi na imeko okungalungelaniyo le kwabalinganiswa libhekisela omnye.
2. Akukho virtual okanye ngokwenene imeko inokuba ayifani nale nkcazelo 2nd okanye nangaphezulu ngaxeshanye.
3. Amagama yeemeko ezithile okuba le meko kufuneka ukunxibelelana imiqathango ethile yokhuselo, apho kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo oku.
4. Ekusetyenzisweni amanyathelo wokhuseleko, utshisa ibunzi inkcazelo umba, kwenzeka into ethile eyenza ukuba, kwinqanaba eliphezulu elilandelayo apho umngcipheko lifinyele.

The degree of kuzaliseke na iimfuno zokhuseleko

umngcipheko sokuqeqeshelwa kuhlalutywa ngokusekelwe ngeenkolelo malunga amathuba accounting bonke okanye uninzi ngeengozi kucacisiwe kwimigaqo (endawo, wombuso, ishishini) kwi RT, umlilo kunye nokhuseleko mveliso. Kuthathwa ukuba ukuthotyelwa luqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba akukho iingozi emsebenzini. Ingxelo yokugqibela, Noko ke, eziphosakeleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubungozi ezinxulumene umsebenzi okanye into, alunakupheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umsebenzi ahambelanayo okanye ukuphelisa umthombo. Noko ke, kule sikwinqanaba lokuqala ngokuphumeza amanyathelo ukuphucula iimeko zemisebenzi kule ngxelo nga kuthathwa njengezisemthethweni.

system Elmer

Kucingwa enye ubuchule abaziingcali uvavanyo lomngcipheko ngqo. inkqubo uElmer kubandakanya ngokwahlula kwisalathiso ukhuseleko. Oku kuthetha ipesenti kokuba ixabiso ukusuka ku-0 ukuya 100 Umzekelo, izinga 60% ithetha ukuba amanqaku 60 engamakhulu omnye uyahlangabezana neemfuneko. Engxakini kule nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ziingcali Esilingana imiba echaphazela ukhuseleko imisebenzi. Ngokomzekelo, omnye amanqaku wabelwa nokungangqinelani kungekho imiqobo ngexesha lomsebenzi emoyeni, yaye xa kukho ayanelanga ububanzi igqitha phakathi amacwecwe kwisebe accounting. Oku ukusa kumkhamo othile sigqwethe umfanekiso yokwenene ngeengozi ezinokuvela kule nkampani, nto leyo, akavumeli ukucwangcisa eyiyo imisebenzi FROM ngokuxhomekeke ukubaluleka izoyikiso kunye namanyathelo ephambili. Noko ke, ndlela ukusetyenziswa uElmer ngayo yenza kube lula ukuvelisa inkqubo lokhuseleko zula, yaye ingakumbi ukuphelisa kuphambuka elibhaqiweyo.

index OVR

uvavanyo lomngcipheko Okuninzi eyaneleyo yenziwa usebenzisa i oluphuculiweyo indlela Elmer. Ngokufanayo kwinkqubo yangaphambili, isibonisi okuvakaliswa ngohlobo "ihlangabezane - ayihlangabezani". Noko ke, kule imeko, okuhlamba olwenziwe ezintlwini 3. Ngoko ke, kwimihlathi kunye "O" iqulethe iimfuno zokhuseleko zomthetho. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela kuvela inqanaba eliphezulu lobungcali umngcipheko - amathuba yokwenzakala okanye ukugula. Ezi mfuno, umzekelo, zibandakanya izixhobo serviceability, ukusetyenziswa PPE, ubukho interlocks, amakhaka njalo njalo. Kule mihlathi kunye index "B" iqulethe amalungiselelo ezibalulekile ngokungalandeli-nto leyo akukho ukwenzakala okanye isifo, kodwa kukho kwinqanaba zaneleyo lombutho umsebenzi software na ukungathobeli kunokukhokelela ukuqhubela imiphumo oko kwenzekayo. Ezi mfuno, umzekelo, iquka imeko passes, izixhobo zokuqesha njalo njalo. Xa tindzima i "R" iingcebiso langoku ephathelele intlangano engqesho kunye nenkqubo yabasebenzi. Ngokwazo, azithathwa ukuba kunjalo, linegunya, Indawo imfutshane bonke abaqeshwa nabaphathi umbuzo ovela inkcubeko show zoshishino kunye nengqeqesho. Ukwenziwa ingongoma nganye amelwe kuqikelelwa kwi-3, 2 no-1 ingongoma. Isiphumo lingaba ngokuchaneke kangangoko ukugqiba isidanga kanye ingozi kwaye ucacise imisebenzi eya kwenziwa kwindawo yokuqala. Ngentupha wekhadi rhoqo Isi kwasuka utshintsho nokhuseleko emsebenzini. Isi yesalkathisi kusetyenziswa uhlobo ebambekayo injongo ingxelo ukubonela phambili kweendlela zokunciphisa iingozi kunye nokuphucula iimeko zokusebenza.

inshorensi yoluntu

Kule ndawo, kukho umngcipheko ngobuchule ithathwa njenge ngenene ingenzeka ukuba iqela elithile iingozi abasebenzi ebandakanya ilahleko imivuzo yaye befuna imbuyekezo unyango kunye ezilandelayo iindleko kwimo inkcitho. Njengokuba inkalo ephambili ye-Institute of inshorensi enyanzelekileyo lwezentlalo kwicala isikhundla eso sifundo yemisebenzi yakhe yayiquka zezomthetho kunye nezoqoqosho ngokuphathelele iziphumo ezibi entlalweni ngenxa yomsebenzi. Kulo mba, zokuhlalutya nokuseka ngesidanga ingozi kusetyenziswa iindlela, kubandakanywa iindidi iindleko, leyo ubalwa umthamo iintlawulo imbuyekezo efunekayo.